to be taken. Refusal to renounce membership in the Federation and take out a mine owner's card was to be absolute evidence of undesirability. A commission of seven was appointed to examine and pass upon prisoners brought before it. At five o'clock in the afternoon 25 union men, under the guard of deputy sheriffs, were put aboard a train and sent out of the district.12 No charges were made against them, and many of them had been told that they could remain if they would give up their allegiance to the Federation.

THE ANNIHILATION OF THE UNIONS

Lieutenant Governor Haggott, in the absence of Governor Peabody from the state, issued a proclamation again declaring Teller County to be in a state of insurrection and rebellion.18

11 "Judge" H. McGarry, Chairman.

N. Franklin, Former Mayor of Victor.
F. M. Reardon, Post Master Victor.

Mayor F. D. French of Victor.

J. B. Cunningham.

G. E. Copeland.

T. J. Dalzell.

12 For a complete list of the names see Biennial Report of Adjutant General 1903-4, p. 225.

13 PROCLAMATION.

WHEREAS, There exists in Teller county, Colorado, a large number of armed persons acting in conjunction with a large number of persons outside of that county, who are fully armed and acting together for unlawful purpose; and,

WHEREAS, Open riot and insurrection now exist in said county of Teller and felonies and murders have already been committed by such persons, who are still threatening to committ murder and felonies, and are offering violence to the citizens and property of said county, and are resisting the laws of the State of Colorado; and,

WHEREAS, At divers and sundry other times various crimes have been committed in said county of Teller by and with the aid and under the direction of said vicious and lawless persons and the security of persons and property is now threatened in said county; and,

WHEREAS, Threats, intimidation and violence are threatened and it is believed will be resorted to by said lawless class of individuals; and,

WHEREAS, It is represented to me by the sheriff of said Teller county that the civil authorities within said county are unable to enforce the law and to secure peace and order in said county, and that it is necessary to put the military in said county for the purpose of enforcing the law and restoring peace and order;

Now, therefore, I, Warren A. Haggott, Acting Governor and Commander-in

General Bell arrived at midnight of the same day, and immediately took command. Sheriff Bell recognized the general's authority as supreme, and the two worked in complete harmony in the measures that followed. The first act was to dispatch a party of militia and deputies to Dunville, a new Freemont County mining camp about 12 miles from Victor, where one man. was killed and fourteen others brought back prisoners to Cripple Creek.

On the night of June 8th the plant of the Victor Record was completely wrecked. Eight men entered the press rooms, and holding up the employees with rifles and revolvers, smashed up all the machines with sledge hammers, and scattered the type about the floor. In the morning the Record had published an editorial advising that the strike be called off. The editorial contained near the end the following paragraph:

"The Record will stand in the future, as in the past, ready to condemn all lawlessness. It has no respect for the actions of a Sterling or a Scott, or for such speeches as was made by Mr. Hamlin, Monday, or for the miners' resistance at Miners Union Hall, and it will not hesitate to condemn them, just as it will the work of the dynamiter when he is found. The Record does not have the confidence of the mine owners, of the military, or of the Citizens Alliance, and it makes this plea solely in the interest of the men and women of this district that are without work, without money, without food, and that believe there is no hope of winning the strike and want it called off."

There was some opinion that the wrecking was done by members of the unions angered at the changed tone of the paper. The Record employees declared however that they recognized two of the men as members of the Citizens Alliance. When the Record undertook to continue its publication, having been offered the use of the Star press, the owner of the Star was informed by

Chief of the military forces of the State of Colorado, by virtue and authority in me vested, do hereby proclaim and declare the said county of Teller in the State of Colorado, to be in a state of insurrection and rebellion.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the great seal of the State to be affixed at Denver, the State capital, this 7th day of June, A. D. 1904.

(Signed)

WARREN A. HAGGOTT,
Acting Governor.

the Citizens Alliance that he would be boycotted if he did not withdraw his assistance. The Record management later presented a bill of damages against the state for $4,206 (including loss of 9 days business at $75 per day), which was paid.14 When it resumed publication the Record announced that it had buried the past, and would support the new order.

The resignation of Sheriff Robertson was but the first of a large number of resignations among the civil officers, forced by threats and actual violence, by committees of the Mine Owners' 'Association and Citizens Alliance. The list included county officers, Coroner James Doran, and Deputy District Attorney J. C. Cole; of Cripple Creek, Justice C. M. Herrington, 15 Marshal W. J. Graham, and Night Marshal Fred Harding; of Victor, Justices R. L. Thomas and David Kelly, Police Judge Michael Gibbons, Alderman J. W. Murphy and J. J. Tobin, Jailor James Printy, and Night Marshal Michael Lamb, and of 'Anaconda, the marshal and several members of the city council.16 The most extreme case was that of the town of Goldfield, where the entire city government was overthrown. All six of the aldermen, the whole police force, city clerk, treasurer, and street

The Record had been a most active critic of the Peabody administration, the militia and the Citizens Alliances. After the resumption of its publication and the payment of its damage bill by the state, it became a supporter of the administration and the Alliances.

State Auditor's Certificates of Indebtedness Nos. 6338, 6339, 6340. Issued Nov. 10, 1904.

1 The Board of County Commissioners refused to accept Mr. Herrington's resignation and he continued in office.

10 Report of Adjutant of District in Adjutant General's Report, p. 228.