it. General Brooks met the deputies on the way to the Independence, and again demanded that they disperse, but was met with a blunt refusal. General Brooks had been in constant communication with the governor all day. In the morning he telegraphed that the sheriff had reported the deputies to be beyond his control. Later in the day he sent the following telegram: "Situation critical. Sheriff persists in quartering his entire force at Independence mine. Says he does so at request of owner. There is in my judgment but one solution-martial law. General Tarsney indorses this opinion. (Signed) Brooks." To this the governor replied that his orders must be carried out at all hazards. "If the deputies resist your authority I will call out the unorganized militia to suppress their insurrection.'” That meant that every able-bodied man between eighteen and fortyfive might be called out, and that the controversy would assume proportions which would make the miners' affair seem small indeed.10 • Colorado State Papers. Biennial Report of the Adjutant General, 1893 and 1894, p. 50. Also cf. Office of Adjutant General, impression copies order to militia, May, 1894. 10 The telegrams of the 8th and 9th are here given in full. Davis H. Waite, Governor. The deputies moved from the right and left of our position this morning, contrary to agreement not to do so, and advanced on the miners. It becoming evident to General Brooks that they intended an attack upon the miners, the entire column was put in motion, and the bodies of deputies overtaken at a point 1 mile from Altman. Under orders of General Brooks they returned to their camp. I most respectfully urge, in view of our close proximity to the miners, that we be instructed to receive their surrender, which I am credibly informed that all are anxious to make. They sent a committee to confer with me last night, but the committee were arrested by the deputies and I did not meet them. Answer. T. J. Tarsney, Adjutant General. Adjutant General, T. J. Tarsney. Accept surrender of miners. Do not disarm them, but protect them with all your power. Make a cordon and keep armed deputies out. Advise sheriff and make no arrests. Use no force to compel any arrested man to go with the sheriff. Let that be voluntary. If the armed deputies resist your authority I will call out the unorganized militia to suppress their insurrection. Davis H. Waite, Davis H. Waite, Governor. Governor. Deputies were sent out in squads this morning to arrest parties for whom I Fortunately, before any further action had been taken, a conference was held at Altman between mine owners, militia officers, and county officials. There were present Sheriff Bowers and County Commissioner Boynton, W. S. Stratton and Chas Steele of the Independence, Mr. Keith of the Victor, Wm. Lennox, L. P. Airhart, Generals Brooks and Tarsney, and Colonel Hagel. The following agreement was reached.11 1. Deputies to be withdrawn. 2. The mines to be put in peaceable possession of the owners. 3. Military protection to be afforded to mines and miners. 4. Troops to remain for 30 days at least, and longer if necessary in the opinion of the commanding general. 5. Miners to deliver up all arms in their possession, also personal property belonging to other persons or taken from the mines. 6. Troops to be stationed at Cripple Creek, Victor, and Anaconda. 7. Persons for whom the sheriff has or may have warrants to be arrested and turned over to the sheriff at Colorado Springs. This agreement was carried out and was the final settlement of the difficulty. have warrants and who are trying to leave the district. While these deputies were in the discharge of their duties they were intercepted by General Brooks, with the State Militia, and ordered to return to camp. I understand the militia are here to aid me in serving process and placing the mine owners in possession of their property. If this is not the case and they are sent here to prevent me from doing my duty and hindering the law, then I most respectfully request their immediate recall. M. F. Bowers, M. F. Bowers, Sheriff. Sheriff. It is ill advised to send out squads to arrest miners at this time. General Brooks is in the field to compel peace. He is ordered to prevent any arrests or attacks by armed deputies. The militia are under the orders of the commander in chief, and not of the sheriff. If the deputies resist the order of General Brooks to suppress insurrection they resist the lawful power of the state. Davis H. Walte, Governor and Commander in Chief. Davis H. Waite, Governor. Sheriff Bowers admits his inability to control his deputies, and some of his officers agreed with him. This was the reason of his failure to keep faith with: General Brooks. General T. J. Tarsney. T. J. Tarsney, If, as you say, Sheriff Bowers admits that the deputies refuse to obey his orders and are acting in defiance thereof, they are not a lawful body, are only armed marauders, and you must treat them as such. Order them to lay down their arms and disperse. If they refuse to obey and you have not force enough to suppress this new insurrection, notify me and I will call out the unorganized militia to enforce the order. Davis H. Waite, 11 Biennial Report of Adjutant General, 1893-4, p. 60. Governor. THE RESTORATION OF ORDER Next day the deputies returned in a body to Colorado Springs and were there disbanded. In the town hall at Altman, Sheriff Bowers read the names of several hundred men for whom warrants had been issued, and they were asked to present themselves for arrest. A great many did so. Many, however, had left the district to avoid arrest, and were never located by the authorities. The militia remained in camp according to agreement, until the last of July, when they were withdrawn. The mines opened slowly at first, the owners hardly feeling sure of the ground, but as the men showed themselves willing to work, confidence was restored, and operations were taken up again in earnest. There remained for a long time a certain amount of hostility on both sides. Among the extremely radical, feeling still ran high, and vented itself in various acts of violence. A number of citizens of Colorado Springs found it wise to keep guards at their dwellings. In the same city a scheme was made to tar and feather a number of men who were supposed to have sympathized with the strikers during the trouble. The plan fortunately became known, and steps were promptly taken to frustrate it. A more successful attempt was made later upon Adjutant General Tarsney. General Tarsney had been prominent in the friction between the state troops and deputies, and had become greatly hated by the latter. He was taken from the Alamo Hotel one night, driven several miles north of the city, and there tarred and feathered, and left wandering around in the night to find his way back to civilization as best he could. attempt was made to blow up the home of Sheriff Bowers one night with a nitroglycerine bomb. The fuse was defective and went out; otherwise the house would have been completely wrecked, and the inmates, who were sleeping almost directly above the bomb, would certainly have been killed. An Cripple Creek was in a turbulent condition for some time. The criminal elements that had come into the city during the strike were not easy to get rid of. Sheriff Bowers spent most of his time in the neighborhood, doing his utmost to restore good |