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which appear in the John Hopkins University Studies are of much value in this connection: one on the Economic History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad by Reizenstein, to be found in Vol. XV. of the Studies; the other on the Early Development of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Project, in Vol. XVII.

Much might be said concerning the Congressional material. In the first place, while the aim has been to make the present monograph as exhaustive as is reasonably possible, it can not be confidently said just what degree of completeness has been attained. Indices are necessarily depended on in handling so great a mass of material and if the index is incomplete or imperfect such is likely to be the case with the work. Much care

has been taken, however, to run down any reference or implication which hints at undiscovered material; and in some cases material has been discovered through secondary works. In a few instances, chance has been of service.

The method of working through the sources has been as follows. The House and Senate Journals are gone through by index, the headings, Roads, Railways, Internal Improvements, Public Lands, Pacific, Whitney, Baltimore and Ohio, etc., etc., being scrutinized. In one case material on Pacific railways was found by looking up "Oregon" which was the only place it appeared. In the Journals one finds an outline of the course of the bill, memorial, or resolution, or the vote upon it if one is taken. In most cases little but the general title of the measure appears. Next the Debates of Congress, Congressional Globe, or Congressional Record are consulted and here in many cases the debates upon the various proposals are found. Though not so accurate as the Journals the various records are much more satisfactory.

Meanwhile various resolutions and memorials have been referred to appropriate (?) committees on Roads and Canals,Public Lands etc.,-and the reports of committees must be consulted. These may be found in Executive Documents, Senate Documents, Senate Reports, Reports of Committees, or Senate or House Miscellanies. Perhaps these reports are the most valuable source for such a work as the present. Here are found maps, statistics, and expert testimony (perhaps not unbiased).

For instance, a great deal of valuable information concerning early railroad construction, rates, etc., is to be found in the long Executive Documents of 1831-32, Nos. 18 and 101. No. 145 of the Reports of Committees for 1848-49 (the Rockwell Report) forms a large volume and is an important source for the history of Pacific railways.

Certain congressional documents of a date later than 1850 are valuable as containing the history of earlier events. Thus the history of the railway mail service is fully treated in Senate Executive Documents, 48 Congress, 2d. session, No. 40; and the Report of the Isthmian Canal Commission, 1899-1901, Washington, D. C., 1901 (H. R. 15) gives much information concerning isthmian railways.

Finally, the acts of Congress have been consulted not only with the idea of securing their contents where desirable, but also of making sure that, at least, no measure that actually passed Congress has escaped.