NATURAL MORALS.

FORMERLY JUNIOR STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD; AND SOMETIME
ONE OF H.M. INSPECTORS OF SCHOOLS.

VOL. I.-NATURAL MORALS.

LONDON:

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER, & CO., LT

[The rights of translation and of reproduction

are

reserved.]

9-13-38 J.A.

7-1-28
avof.

PREFACE.

THE main purpose of the book, of which this is the first
of two volumes, is to establish the thesis, that there are,
not one, but three sciences of morals. There appears to
be, first, a science of the motives and ends of conduct that
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belong to pagan or non-religious man, to man regarded
simply as a voluntary agent forming a part of the world
of nature. There appears to be, secondly, a science which,
while it includes the former, takes account also of other
phenomena arising from man being brought into conscious
relations with God. Of the whole body of phenomena
with which this science has to do, Jewish morality may be
taken as the type. And there appears to be, thirdly, a
science which embraces within its scope all the phenomena
of the moral life of the present day, those which are at
the same time Jewish together with others which are dis-
tinctively Christian.

To account on natural grounds alone for the whole of the phenomena of moral life in a Christian country appears to be impossible. And it appears to be no less impossible truly to refer them all to religious influences. In order to arrive at anything like a correct understanding of moral processes in the present day, it seems necessary to discriminate carefully between those that have their origin in the constitution of man's ordinary nature, and those that are dependent upon his being brought into personal rela