posed to refer to the mystical ceremonies of his festival, which appear to have been of Syrian origin.

It is not easy to separate the legends which refer to the last-mentioned representation from those which attach to Atys, whose presumed bust we shall now describe. Indeed, the head of Atys has been sometimes called that of Adonis, the peculiar cap in which it is attired being common to both these characters. The same headdress is worn by the Mithraic figures, by Trojans, Amazons, and other personages of a Phrygian or Amazonian origin, and has therefore been called a Phrygian cap. The head of Atys on this sculpture is slightly inclined forward, and a faint sad smile appears to play over the mouth, the eyes have a downward look, and the general expression of the countenance is that of a pensive melancholy. The countenance is rather feminine, which would suit the androgynous character of Atys. The luxuriant locks falling on the shoulders are unusual if not unknown in female statues. Statues of Atys are very rare, except those executed in Roman times, which represent a different Atys from that of Grecian mythology.

T. 80 is the head of an Amazon, as appears from its resemblance to the statue of a wounded Amazon engraved in the Mus. Capit., fol., vol. iii. tab. 46, and supposed to be a copy of a celebrated work of Ctesilaos. The head of the Roman statue is slightly bent forward with an expression of melancholy and pain, resembling that of the present head. On both the hair is similarly arranged, being accurately separated along the top of the head, with the front and side-locks drawn back towards the back of the head, where they are passed beneath the hair, which is turned up behind. The throat, shoulders, and end of the nose are modern. This head was brought from Rome by Mr. Lyde Browne.

There is also a head of a Muse, or of Apollo Musagetes, of very beautiful workmanship, bearing considerable resemblance, in general character, to the faces of the Niobids. The hair, parted along the top of the head, is drawn back on each side and gathered into a knot behind. The head and part of the neck only are antique. This, like the last head, was brought from Rome by Mr. Lyde Browne.

T. 243. Cybele.

T. 243 is a bust called Cybele, and wearing on her head a turreted cap. It is probable that this head is the personification of some town, as this type is of common occurrence on coins from Syria.

Besides the preceding busts which we have thought deserving of a fuller description, are a few more, whose character appears to be mythological; we shall briefly enumerate them here. They area bust of a Muse crowned with laurel, and found at Frascati; a bust from a statue of Dionysus; two busts of Bacchantes; a bust of a female Satyr, bequeathed by Mr. Payne Knight; a bust of a laughing Satyr; a head of a boy, apparently a youthful Pan; a bust resembling Sappho; and a bust supposed to be one of the Dioscuri, but more probably of Mercury, discovered near Rome.

III.-PORTRAIT BUSTS OF GREEK PERSONAGES.

The Museum is not rich in that class which we have ventured to term ideal heads, or representations of celebrated persons, but contains a few specimens which, from accidental circumstances, have obtained an European celebrity. Of these, the best known and probably the most remarkable is No. 25, a terminal head of Homer, representing the poet as of advanced age, but with a mild and dignified character. The portrait of Homer has not been preserved to us on coins, but the general resemblance between this bust and a terminus preserved at Naples, and inscribed with the name of the poet, and with three Greek inscriptions in his honour, naturally leads to the conclusion that they are both intended for one and the same person. This bust is elaborately executed, and in general treatment is not unlike the Laocoon. It was found in 1780, among some ruins on the site of the ancient Baiæ.

T. 90 is a bust of Sophocles, the Greek tragedian, in excellent preservation, but by no means remarkable for its artistic beauty. It is probably a copy, in Roman times, from some Greek original. There is a bust of Sophocles in the Vatican, and a medallion in the Farnese Palace, which bear a considerable resemblance to this bust. This marble was found near Genzano, in 1775.

T. 91 is a bust of Pericles, helmeted, and inscribed with his name in Greek characters. The workmanship is good, and it is probably a copy in Roman times from some good Greek original. It exhibits the peculiarity which is said to have been that of Pericles -a remarkably long head, for which reason Plutarch observes that he was usually represented helmeted. This head was found in 1781, about a mile from Tivoli, in the Pianella di Cassio. A repetition of the same head, in a more finished but less ancient style of sculpture, was found in the same excavation. It was helmeted, and bore, besides the name of Pericles, that also of his father Xanthippus, and his designation, as Athenian.

ASHMOLEAN

OXFORD

MUSEUM

No. 42 is a terminal head of Periander, the son of Cypselus, tyrant of Corinth. It has been ascribed to this personage, who was called one of the seven wise men of Greece, because, in 1777, another terminal head, bearing a strong resemblance to it and inscribed with his name at full length, was found in the Villa di Cassio, at Tivoli. The head in the Museum was formerly in the palace of Pope Sixtus V., in the Villa Montalto.

T. 89 is a terminal bust of Epicurus, the founder of the Philosophic sect which was known by his name. It is doubtful whether this marble is to be considered as a Greek original or as a Roman copy; but we incline to the latter opinion. The name which has been given to it has been determined by the discovery, in 1742, while the foundation of the Church of St. Mary was being dug, of the heads of Epicurus and his friend Metrodorus, joined back to back, and inscribed with their names in Greek characters. A small bust of Epicurus in bronze, with his name inscribed on it, was subsequently found at Herculaneum. The Museum head probably belonged to a statue. It was found at Rome, in the Villa Casali, near the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, in 1775. T. 92 is a bust which has been called that of Hippocrates, the celebrated Coan physician, because it has great resemblance to the head which appears upon a coin of Cos, struck in his honour by the people of that island. There has, indeed, been some doubt whether the coin was genuine the balance of opinion seems, however, to be in its favour. It is now in the French Collection, and in a poor state of preservation, the two first letters only of the name being visible upon it. This bust is considered to be a good specimen of late Greek workmanship. It was found in 1770, near Albano, among some ruins supposed to indicate the site of a villa of Marcus Varro, who, according to Pliny, possessed a large collection of portraits of illustrious men in his library. With this bust was found also another, No. 44, an unknown terminal head, crowned with a narrow diadem. It was probably designed to represent one of the Greek poets, and has been, not unnaturally, supposed to be a young head of Homer. There is, however, little similarity between the features of this head and those of other known heads of Homer. The head is entire; the terminus modern.

With these busts may be classified, two heads presented by Col. Leake, and both of genuine Greek workmanship; the one a head of Homer or of Moschion; the other inscribed with the name of the orator Eschines: both were found at Bitolia, the ancient Pelagonia.

A bust of Diogenes, bequeathed by Mr. Payne Knight; T. 266,

Bust of Diogenes.

a bust of Demosthenes, with his mouth opened as though about to speak; T. 244, a bust of Aratus, found among the ruins of the villa of Marcus Varro; and a bronze head the size of life, supposed to represent some Greek poet. It was brought to England in the beginning of the seventeenth century, for the collection of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, and afterwards passed through the hands of Dr. Mead and the Marquess of Exeter to the British Museum. This bust is in perfect preservation, and is executed in a very fine style.