The principle of this quadruple arrangement was, that the ancient Egyptians were in the habit of dividing the viscera of the dead into four parts, and embalming them separately under the protection of their appropriate Deity. Thus the first appears to have presided over the stomach and large intestines; the second, over the small intestines; the third, over the lungs and heart; the fourth, over the liver and gall bladder. Each vase was inscribed with Hieroglyphics containing the formula appropriate to it. The Genii are addressed respectively by the four Deities, Isis, Nephthys, Neith, and Selk; or in some cases, the Genius tells the dead that he has come to his side, bringing him wax clothes, incense, and water.

The vases themselves are constructed of various materials, as Arragonite, Nos. 609-12, 614, 618, 621*-2, 628-635, 636-39 a complete set of four. Calcareous stone, 636-39, complete; 640-43 ditto 659-705. Pottery, Nos. 648-652. Wood, Nos. 653-4. The most beautiful specimens are in Arragonite. Some of them are solid and only partially hollowed-and must therefore be presumed to have served as models. They are often found enclosed in large wooden boxes, and have been more frequently discovered in the tombs of Memphis than in those of Thebes or Abydos. They appear to have been used from the earliest times; thus Nos. 682-3 may possibly date even from the Fourth Dynasty: towards the close, however, of the Egyptian monarchy and under the Ptolemies, the entrails appear to have been embalmed in separate packets, which were wrapped up with the dead, and had each attached to them a small wax figure of its Genius.

TABLE OF EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY, &c.

For the convenience of those who may be desirous of keeping before their minds the relative dates of different Egyptian Dynasties, or anxious to know what Egyptian monuments exist in the British Museum belonging to well ascertained periods, the following table has been drawn up from the works of Rosellini, Wilkinson, and Bunsen, and the several dates assigned by those authors have been arranged in a tabular form. As Champollion has not paid so much attention as other writers to the early chronology, it has not been thought necessary to make a separate table for his dates; wherever, however, he differs materially from the above-cited authors his opinion has been mentioned.

E.S. refers to Egyptian Saloon.

E.R. refers to Egyptian Room.

Here mere lists and names only have reached us.

E. S. 478; E. R. 6652.

2801

Memorials of him found at Samneh
Beni-Hassan.

About 2749 Builds fortress at Samneh; subse-
quently worshipped as a God;
conquers Ethiopia, 1706 B. c.
Arrival of Joseph. W. The Sanc-
tuary of the Temple of Karnak
founded. Obelisk of Heliopolis.
Continues works at Samneh; me-
morials found at Memphis, Beni-
Hassan, Wady-Jasoos. Tablet of
Conquest of Pount. Joseph dies.
W. Breccia quarries of Cosseir-
road opened.
In Ethiopia

Tablets at Mount Sinai in his 43rd year.

Assumed into the government by Tablet, E. S. 558-575.
Amenemha III, in his 31st year.

Tablet at Tourah, dated in his
43rd year; builds the Laby-
rinth; excavates Lake Moris.
Not registered on Tablet of Aby-
dos, although at Karnak.

Invasion of the Hykshos, or Shep

Campaigns in his 6th year against Scarabæi, E. R. 3936.

the Shepherds in the N. and the
Negroes in the S.; opens quarries
of Maasara in 22nd year.
Expels the Shepherds; war in
Æthiopia and the north

makes
a Rock Temple at Ibrim, and
a chapel at Silsilis continues
works at Karnak.
Supposed to have been under the
tutelage of Amense. B.; added
to Temples at Madinat Háboo,
Ibrim, Karnak, Al-Assasif. R.
Champ.

Under the Regent Amenem-t-Aasn;
war in Ethiopia; buildings at
Madinat Háboo, Samneh, Contra-
Samne-eh, Esneh, and Karnak.

Tablets, E. S. No. 153, 274,
277, 297, 317, 591, 599.
Scarabæi, E. R. 3937-
38; wooden tesseræ.

Elegant vase, E. R. 4762;
Scarab, 3944.

Plaster-cast from Al-Assasif bricks, E. R. 6010.