stalls, but we do not think any other arrangement would be possible. The organ is placed at the east end of the new north aisle. The western addition to the nave is seated for children. The new arcade is of good detail-low cylindrical columns and lofty arches of two orders. The two windows in its north wall are somewhat needlessly eccentric, we think; but we doubt not they will look well. Its west window is admirably proportioned, and altogether successful. A low quadrilateral shingled bell-cote at the west end of the original nave has been reconstructed. We should be glad to know why so incongruous an addition should have been made to this little church in Third-Pointed times. The added portion is curious in many ways: by no means ugly, though so very abnormal. Its western gable is hipped. Was this to prevent its being mistaken for a chancel at the wrong end? The effect of the church, were it not for this, would be very much that of a nave between two chancels.

S. Mary, Ashford, Kent.-This fine cruciform church calls loudly for amelioration; its stalled chancel has been well restored by Mr. Clarke, but that only shows the more conspicuously the unsatisfactory condition of the remaining edifice.

S. Bartholomew, Sydenham.-This church, a modern Third-Pointed building of small architectural merit, has received a new chancel in memory of the venerated Thomas Bowdler, who was formerly incumbent, and who lies buried in the angle between the south aisle and the chancel wall. Mr. Edwin Nash is the architect of the addition, and has executed the task far from unsuccessfully. Taking the easternmost bay of the old nave as the choir, he has reduplicated it eastward and finished it with a three-sided apsidal sanctuary: the style is a somewhat ornate Third-Pointed, with angle pinnacles, embattled parapets, &c. A vestry, with a flat roof, adjoins the north wall. This should, we think, have received a pyramidal roof. Inside, the sanctuary is arcaded, the Decalogue, &c., being inscribed in the panels of the oblique sides of the apse; and the southern side has arcaded sedilia. The altar, properly vested, and raised on a footpace, adjoins the east wall. We are of opinion that in apsidal sanctuaries the altar should stand forward near or upon the chord of the arc. Stained glass, and an open sanctuaryrail, supported by floriated iron standards, add to the effect of the east end. The three panels of the arcade immediately over the altar are tesselated with coloured tiles. In the middle one, and formed simply by the omission of certain tiles, was traced a simple plain cross. The shape of this was ugly and incorrect enough: nor did its stem reach the top of the altar. It was this cross which the Bishop of London ordered to be removed before he would consent to consecrate the chancel. We do not wish to enlarge upon this unhappy business, but our own opinion is well known. We think it greatly to be regretted that this arbitrary exercise of power was not resisted. This unfortunate precedent has scarcely been set aside by the same prelate's subsequent, and happily inconsistent, consecration of S. Paul's, Stepney, where the respected founder has adorned the altar with the sacred emblem of our redemption.

NOTICES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

THE CELEBRATION OF THE HOLY EUCHARIST.

To the Editor of the Ecclesiologist.

SIR,-Can you find room in the next Ecclesiologist for the subjoined extract from Durantus? I wish, through the medium of your pages, to draw the attention of Anglican Priests to what seems to me to be the more primitive and correct course to pursue when a very large number of communicants are expected, namely, to consecrate the wine in one flagon or cruet, and, previous to administering, to supply from thence the two or three chalices that may be required for communicating the congregation. On the same principle the bread should be consecrated on one paten, and in similar manner transferred to other patens at the proper time.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient servant,
A RECTOR.

Calices plures in altari non ponendi.

'Greg. iii. ad Bonifacium, Tom. 2. Conciliorum, constituit, ne in Missarum solemniis duo vel tres calices in altari ponerentur, quoniam id parum Christi institutioni conveniret, qui de uno et eodem calice omnes communicasset. Unde colligere licet, sanguinem non fuisse sacratum in calicibus ministerialibus, sed in alio quodam, et ex illo deinde transfusum in ministeriales, ad usum populi."-Durantus (J. S.), De ritibus Ecclesiæ, Lib. I. cap. vii. sec. 5. p. 70. Paris, 1632.

To the Editor of the Ecclesiologist.

Sir,-In corroboration of the argument in favour of the Presence of Non-Communicants at Holy Communion, (p. 247) and in testimony of the popular apprehension of directions similar to those of the third Rubric of the Prayer Book of 1549, may there not be quoted the practice in many a remote church-remote as to the revived feeling of later years? When celebrating Divine service at Rye, in Sussex, the communicants not only assemble in the quire, but range "the men on one side and the women on the other side." There is no such distinction in the nave; and I well remember the first occasion of my attendance. I was unprepared for the separation of the sexes; and perfectly scandalized an old maiden relative by making as though I would accompany her. The reason given by the Ryers was: "always had been so"; and as their ecclesiological sympathies were none of the liveliest, it was perhaps better than sufficient. At S. Botolph's, Northfleet, the communicants huddle, (or rather I should say have huddled) in the

1 This decision, recollect, was long anterior to the withdrawal of the Cup from the laity.

quire regardless of the indicated order. Now assuming what I have instanced to be frequently customary, would it not be induced by a lax following of the Rubric in question? In proportion to the decline of religious observances would be the slinking away of the congregation in the nave, till at length the custom should have obtained of noncommunicants absenting themselves, as a matter of course, from the Eucharistic Offering, and finally a bishop be found actually prohibiting their presence.

DEAR SIR,—I have just seen an extract from a late number of the Builder, in which is a description of a machine for ringing church bells, patented by Mr. Jones, of Pendleton. Is the inventor no better instructed in the art of campanology than to confound chiming with ringing ?

Notwithstanding the daily marvels produced by science, I do not believe a peal of bells will ever be raised, rung, changed, and ceased, by any machinery. Ringing always implies that bells are swung; and it is only by that swinging that the grand full tone of a bell can be brought out.

Mr. Jones's machine may be very ingenious; but be that as it may, there has been in use at Ottery S. Mary, for many years beyond memory, an arrangement of outside hammers, connected with wires, and cranks, and levers, and a barrel fitted with lifters like a chime-barrel; and by turning a handle a person very easily chimes all the bells.

About forty years ago, I set up a contrivance at Bitton, with ham. mers striking inside, and levers, lines, and pulleys, all brought to a given point on the floor, where

"To call the folk to church in time,

A little boy a heavy peal may chime."

This arrangement is very simple, and not liable to get out of order: it has been in constant use. The same has been set up here and elsewhere. All dependence on a set of ringers is got rid of, and a soft and subdued harmony is produced, while the arrangement in no way interferes with the swinging of the bells, for ringing either singly or in peal. H. T. ELLACOMBE.

Rectory, Clyst S. George.

The posthumous editio princeps, by Lassus, of the Album of Villard de Honnecourt has just appeared, in a quarto volume, under M. Duval's superintendence. The original work (which is given in facsimile, with illustrative letterpress and engravings) is the actual sketch-book, architectural and artistic, of a church architect of the thirteenth century, who seems to have been born in Picardy, and to have worked in France

and Hungary. It comprises buildings he has seen and designed, drawings from models (nude and draped), animals from a menagerie, &c., &c. Its value and curiosity may therefore be conceived, although unfortunately it is not quite complete. Having been long in the library of S. Geneviève, it is now deposited in the Imperial Library at Paris. We trust to be able to give, in our next number, a longer notice, with illustrations from the volume.

We have great pleasure in recording that altar-cloths for the following places have been embroidered during the past year in connection with the "Society for the Advancement of Ecclesiastical Embroidery." Butleigh, Glastonbury; Boyne Hill, Maidenhead; Churchwarton, Norfolk; Church Lench, Worcestershire; Great Saling, Essex; Leigh, Staffordshire; Roydon, Norfolk; Shouldham Thorpe, Norfolk, (altarcloth and hangings for choir, desks, lectern, and pulpit ;) the mission church, St. George's in the East, London; Theddingworth, Northamp

tonshire.

On the 17th of November, Mr. Beresford-Hope gave an instructive and interesting lecture, in the Hall of S. Augustine's College, Canterbury, on Architecture, which he treated in its historical and its practical aspects ; going back to the age of the Roman Basilica, and forward to the foundation, by many of those before him, of churches in colonial settlements and heathen lands, which, however humble, ought to possess all the characteristics of a sacred Christian building, and would be the true parents of the more splendid churches of future times, erected upon their sites.

A meeting of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archæological Society was held on October 25th, at which various antiquities were exhibited and explained by Messrs. Thompson, Nevinson, and Hill; and the Rev. J. M. Gresley laid before the members some particulars which he had collected concerning Archbishop Laud's incumbency of North Kilworth in Leicestershire, and afterwards of Ibstock in the same county.

The Ecclesiological Society has received a communication and a further present of books from the Danish Church History Society of Copenhagen.

Received J. P.-S.-the Rev. J. Baron. In type, Mr. Russell's Notes on German Pictures, and the account of an early English Missal at Malta.

Mr. White's letter does not appear because its subject is treated of at length in our present number.

INDEX.

III