Tringa arenaria.

Group 3. Ralli.

Gen. Rallus. Head destitute of escutcheon.

R. aquaticus.

R. crax.

R. parzema.

Group 4. Fulica.

Forehead furnished with a horny disk.

Gen. 1. Gallinula of Brisson.-Bill compressed; toes very long.

Fulica chloropus.

F. nævia.

Gen. 2. Porphyrio of Brisson.-Bill higher in

Tringa cinchus.

T. Alpina.

selves on one foot whilst they eat.

Fulica porphyrio.

Tringa pugnax.

Gen. 11. Arenaria of Bech.-Great toe wanting. Choradrius calidris rubidus of Gmelin.

Gen. 12. Phalaropus of Brisson.-Bill flattened; toes margined with broad membranes. Tringa lobata.

Phalaropus rufus; tringa fulicaria.

Gen. 13. Strepsilas of Iliger. Legs low; bill short, conical, and even; nasal furrow less than half the length of the bill.

Tringa interpres.

Gen. 14. Totanus of Cuvier.-Bill thin, round, pointed; upper mandible arched a little towards the tip.

Scolopax glottis.

S. fuxa.

S. totanus.

S. calidris.

S. gambetta.

S. ochrapus.

Gen. 15. Lobipes of Cuvier. The feet of the phalaropus joined to the beak of the totanus. Tringa hyperborea.

Gen. 16. Himantopus.-Bill round, slender, and pointed; legs excessively high, thin, reticulated, and destitute of great toes.

Gen. 17. Recurvirostra.-Feet palmated; bill thin and turned up.

R. avocetta.

R. Americana.

C. orientalis.

ORDER VI.-PALMIPEDES. ANSERES. their viscera, not having a notch on each side. Sternum very long, defending a great part of Gizzard muscular; cœcal appendages long: inferior larynx simple, but inflated in one family into cartilaginous capsules.

Family 1. BRACHYPTERA.-Alis brevibus.

Legs placed further behind than any of the other families; wings short; plumage compact; confine themselves to the surface of the water.

Subdivision. 1. COLYMBI.

Bill thin, straight, compressed, pointed; nostrils linear.

Middle nail flattened; tarsi very much compressed.
Gen. 1. Pediceps of Latham.-Colymbus of Bris.
Instead of palmation, integuments spread out.
C. cristatus urinator.

C. cornutus, obscurus, caspicus.

C. povotis subcrustatus, rubricollis.
C. minor.

Gen. 2. Mergus of Brisson.-Feet palmated.
Colymbus glacialis, arcticus, immer.
C. septentrionalis stellatus.

Gen. 3. Uria of Brisson.-Destitute of a great toe
Colymbus troile.

Gen. 4. Cephus.-Bill shorter; back less arched and without indentation. The symphysis of the lower mandible is very short.

Colymbus minor of Grylle.

Subdivision. 2. ALCA.

Bill very much compressed, elevated vertically; dorsum sharp, commonly furrowed across. Gen. 1. Fratercula.-Bill shorter than the head, and higher at the base than it is long. Alca artica; Labradoria of Gmelin.

Group 1. Procellaria.-Nostrils tubular Gen. Procellaria.-Bill hooked at the point, extremity seems to be composed of a piece which is articulated to the rest; nostrils united into a tube upon the dorsum of the mandible.

Procellaria gigantea of Latham, quebrata huesos. P. Capensis.

These birds were our constant companions during several thousand miles, and quitted our company a short time in the Blossom's passage round the Horn

3 D

P. vittata, cerulea of Gmelin.

Gen. 5. 416

Pr

-B... longer, and in form of the of a conteung wings to smail to support the of the hody.

ara lorde et pra of Gmelin. Papenas of Linte.

Group. 2. Apten bytes of Foster. Wings with only the vestiges of feathers, which at first sight resemble scales; the tross is enlarged ne the heel of a quadruped, ani within are found tore bones cemer te i together by their extremities. Gen. 1. Aptenodites of Cuvier-Manchots. Bill slender, long, and ported; the upper mandible somewhat arched towards the extremity, covered with feathers nearly a third of the length, where is seated the nostri.

Lares marinus.

L. lancus argentatus.

L. cyanorcynchus catriscilla erythropus.

L. camus, rudibundus, hybernus.

A certain space under the throat bare of feathers; nostrils a very narrow chink; skin of the throat dilatable; tongue small, for it would appear that the materials of the tongue have been abstracted to form the vast dilatation of the fauces. Pelecanus, from wɛxɛɛug, an axe, applicable to the form of the bill.

Gen. 1. Onocrotalus of Bris.-Bill long, straight, and hooked; the flexible branches of the lower matdible bear on their edges a membrane dilatable into a large pouch.

Pelecanus onocrotalus of Linné.
P. Philippensis.

P. fuscus.

Gen. 2. Halicus of Iliger.-Bill nearly the same; throat less dilatable; nail of the second toe hooked like a saw.

Pelecanus carbo.

P. graculus, Africanus.

Gen. 3. Pelecanus of Linné.-Tail forked; feet short, membranes of the toes deeply hollowed out. Pelecanus aquilus of Linné.

Gen. 4. Sula-Bill straight, slightly compressed, short, point somewhat arched, its edges hooked like a saw.

Pelecanus bassanus.

Gen. 5. Plotus. See PLOTUS.
Gen. 6. Phaeton. See PHAETON.

Family 4-ROSTRO LAMINIS INSTRUCTO. Bill thick, clothed with a soft skin; its edges furnished with plates or small teeth; tongue broad and fleshy, denticulated at its edges. In the greater number the trachea or windpipe of the male is inflated near its bifurcation into capsules of different forms; gizzard large and very muscular; cæcal appendages long.

Group 1. Anseres

A. moschata of Linné.

CLASS III.-REPTILIA.

Reptiles have the heart disposed in such a manner that at each contraction there is sent into the lungs only a certain portion of that blood which has been received from different parts of the body, whilst the rest of the fluid returns again to the several regions of the animal frame without having passed through the lungs, which quantity of respiration, if we call that of the mammalia unity, we must express by a certain fractional quantity. The females have a double ovary and two oviducts; the males of many genera have the penis forked or double, but in the last order there is no male organ of generation. M. Brongniart divides this class into four orders, whose division we shall follow, only preferring the Latin terms to gallicisms.

T. picta.

Gen. 3. Pyris.-Tortues à boite of Cuvier. Plastron divided into two compartments by a moveable articulation, by which means they can shut their carapace completely when the head and limbs are withdrawn.

La tortue à boite d'Amboine of Daud.

Gen. 4. Tail nearly as long as the carapace.
T. serpentina.

Gen. 5. Chelonia.-Sea turtle. Horny invelope too small to receive the head; feet lengthened and flattened to answer the purpose of fins; all the toes closely united by a membrane.

T. mydas. When a great many of these animals were taken on board the Blossom, from Bonin Island, they were observed to breathe about eight

Anas adunca. Bill hooked.

counted in one of the ovaries, and it appeared to us that one ovary only became fertile at one

Anas sponsa.

T. imbricata.

T. caouana.

A. strepera. Tracheal capsule of a middle size.

Gen. 6. Chelys of Dumer-Snout prolonged into a small trumpet; throat cloven across, and not covered with horn as in the rest of this order. T. fimbriata.

Gen. 7. Trionyx of Geoffroy.-Without scales; carapace and plastron covered with a soft skin. T. triunguis.

T. feron.

ORDER II.-LACERTACEE.

Heart with two auricles; body borne upon four feet, and covered with scales.

Family 1. CROCODILI.

Large stature; tail flattened laterally; five toes before and four behind; three inner ones only armed with nails; all of them more or less connected together by membranes.

Gen. 1. Les gavials.-Snout slender and very much elongated; teeth equal. Lacerta gangetica.

L. crocodilus.

Gen. 3. Les sauvegardes.-All the scales of the back small and without ridges; one rank of pores imperfectly marked under each thigh; feet denticulated.

Lacerta teguixin of Linné et Sh.

Lacerta calotes of Linné.

Gen. 5. Lophurus of Dum.-Dorsal crest extended over the length of the tail.

Lacerta scutata of Linné.

L. superciliosa.

Gen. 6. Basiliscus.-Dorsal crests sharp, supported by the apophyses of the spine. L. basiliscus of Linné.

L. Amboinensis of Gmelin.

Group 3. Dracones.

Lacerta ameira of Gmelin.

Group 2. Lacerta propria.

Gen. 1. Lacerta.-Palate armed with two ranks of teeth; a collar under the neck formed by a transversal row of broad scales separated from those of the belly by a space.

into an oval disk; dorsal crest present.

Family 4. GECKONES or ASCALABOTETES. Skin of the toes widened the whole length, or at least at the extremities, and furnished underneath with scales or cuticular folds to assist them in climbing.

Gen. 1. Platydactyli.-Toes widened in the whole length, and furnished underneath with transverse

Family 3. IGAUNACEĂ.

Tongue fleshy, thick, incapable of extension, and notched only at the end.

Group 1. Stelliones.

Tail surrounded by rings composed of large scales, often spiny; teeth in the palate wanting.

Gen. 1. Cordylus of Daud.--Tail, belly, and back furnished with large scales set in transversal ranks.

With nails.

Family 5.-CAMELEONES. See CAMELEO.
Family 6. SCINCIOIDES.

Feet short; tongue not extensible; scales imbricated.

Gen. 1. Scinci of Daud.-Body smooth and tapering.

Lacerta scincus of Linné.

Gen. 2. Sepses of Daud.-Body still more elongated; feet smaller; hairs wide apart. Anguis, quadrupes of Linné.

Gen. 3. Bipedes of Lacep.-Fore feet wanting. Lacerta apus of Gmelin.

Gen. 4. Chalcides of Daud.-Body very much elongated; feet short and distant, very like the serpentes, but the scales are ranged in transverse bands. Lacerta chalcis, chamossura; cophias of Sch. L. anguina.

Gen. 5. Chirotetes of Cuvier. Hind feet wanting. Lacerta lumbricoides of Shaw.

Family 3. SERPENTES VENENOSI.

The first tooth in the upper jaw larger than the rest, and tubular for conducting the poison.

Gen. 1. Bonguru of Daud.-Back carinated. Gen. 2. Trimesurus of Lac.-Back without any peculiarity.

Gen. 3. Hydrus.-Body very much compressed. Gen. 4. Hydrophis.-A row of scales somewhat larger than the rest under the belly.

Gen. 5. Pelamides.-Occiput inflated to make room for the lengthened pedicles of the lower jaw. Anguis platurus.

Gen. 6. Chersydrus of Cuvier.—The head and the whole body equally covered with scales. Acrochordius fasciatius of Shaw.

Family 4.-SERPENTES VENENOSISSIMI. Their superior maxillary bones are very small;

means of alternate doublings of the body.

Gen. 3. Erni.-Differ from the Boa, in having a

ternal pterygoid or apophysis of the spheroid, and are very moveable: there is fixed in them a sharp tooth hollowed by a canal that affords an exit to a humor secreted by a gland seated under the eye. This tooth is concealed in a fold of the gum when at rest; behind it there are many germs destined in their turn to replace it, should it be lost in the exercise. This fang was once looked upon as moveable, but it is the jaw bone that is moved; there are no other teeth in the upper jaw bone besides this, but two ranks in the palate. Group 1. Crotali.

Integuments like those of the Coluber.

Gen. 1. Trigonocephalus.-Fossal behind the nostrils; tail generally ending in a small point; occiput enlarged.

Gen. 2. Platurus.-Tail compressed; head covered with plates.

Gen. 3. Naia.-In progression the part of the body next the heart enlarged into a disk. C. maia of Linné.

Gen. 4. Elaps of Schneid.-Head, owing to the shortness of the os tympanique and the mastoid bones, even with the rest of the body. Coluber lemniscatus of Linné.

Gen. 5. Vipera.-Head covered with granulated