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held the see till 1560, when the wild fury of the reformers threw every thing into confusion.

Then succeeded four titular Bishops, appointed, as usual, as the most convenient method of robbing the temporalities of the See. But in 1588, the King restored, by act of Parliament, the former rightful Bishop Beaton to the enjoyment of the temporalities, which he held till his death in 1603.

In 1610, Archbishop Spottiswood was consecrated, to whom (allowing Bishop Leighton to be reckoned among them, although he was never regularly appointed) succeeded eight Archbishops, the last being Dr John Paterson, who was deprived at the Revolution, and died in 1708. Since that period, when the Archi-episcopal dignity expired, no prelate seems to have been distinctly appointed to the See, until the 8th of October 1837, when the Right Reverend Michael Russell, D.C.L., was consecrated Bishop of Glasgow. It was agreed, indeed, in 1731, that the diocese of Glasgow, with the exception of some specified districts, should be under the inspection of Alexander Duncan, who was consecrated at Edinburgh in the year 1724, but this seems to have been merely a district arrangement, which expired at his death in 1733, and was not renewed to any other.

Arms of the See of Glasgow: Argent, a tree growing out of a mount in base, surmounted by a salmon, in fesse, all proper, in his mouth an annulet or; on the dexter side, a bell pendant to the tree growing of the second.

SEE OF EDINBURGH.

This See was founded in 1633, by King Charles I., who detached from the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of St Andrews all churches. and parishes lying south of the estuary of the Forth, within the sheriffdom of Edinburgh, the constabulary of Haddington, the sheriffdoms of Linlithgow, Stirling, and Berwick, and the bailiwick of Lauderdale, and formed them into a new diocese, the head of which was the city of Edinburgh; St Giles's Church therein being constituted the Cathedral Church. The Bishop was to be a suffragan of the Archbishop of St Andrews, but to take precedence immediately after the two Archbishops, and before all the other Bishops. A Chapter also erected, without which it was not to be lawful for the Bishop to transact the affairs of the See: the said Chapter to conVOL. I.

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sist of a Dean and twelve Prebendaries. The principal minister of St Giles's Church, for the time being, to be Dean, and the principal ministers of the Greyfriars, the Collegiate Church, and the south-east Church in Edinburgh, together with the ministers of Holyroodhouse, Liberton, Tranent, Stirling, Falkirk, Linlithgow, Dalkeith, Haddington, and Dunbar, for the time being, to be Prebendaries, to complete the said Chapter.

The charter of erection also endows the new See with what, apparently, are ample revenues.

The present proportion of the Bishop's rents paid into the Exchequer, as belonging to the See of Edinburgh, amounts only to £93, 6s. 10d. sterling; and this is the proceeds of what was seized by the Government after the Revolution. There must then have been an enormous amount of sacrilege committed at sometime between the erection of the See in 1633, and the seizure of its temporalities in 1689.

There were only six Bishops of this See during the establishment of the Church.

1. William Forbes held it only about two months, when he died. 2. David Lindesay, translated from Brechin, 17th Sept. 1634. The fury of the mob fell upon this Prelate, at the first reading of the Liturgy in the High Church on Sunday, July 23, 1637. He was deposed and excommunicated by the rebellious Assembly in 1638,withdrew into England, and died there.

3. George Wiseheart, or Wishart, the celebrated Chaplain of the Marquis of Montrose: 1662-1671.

4. Alexander Young, 1671-1679. Translated to Ross.

5. John Paterson, translated from Galloway in 1679. Again to Glasgow in 1687.

6. Alexander Rose, translated from Moray in 1687. He was, of course, deprived at the Revolution, but outlived all the Bishops of England and Scotland, who had possessed Sees before that event, and died in 1720.

1. We now come to the post-revolution Bishops, the first of whom was Mr John Fullarton, who had been one of the ministers of Paisley. He was consecrated in 1705, by the Archbishop of Glasgow, and the Bishops of Edinburgh and Dunblane; and at a meeting of the Bishops in 1720, after the death of Bishop Rose, was appointed Diocesan of Edinburgh, and Primus of the Church. In this situation he greatly

exerted himself to accommodate the differences which existed among the Clergy respecting usages, and endeavoured also to restore a proper distribution of Episcopal superintendence, and a return to the more regular practices of Episcopacy, for which, however, the state of the Church was not then ripe. He died in May 1727.

2. Arthur Millar, 1727. Before the Revolution he was minister of Inveresk. After his deprivation he devoted his services to the procuring assistance for the support of the famishing Clergy and their families. Pursuing this object, he went several times to Ireland, where he was kindly received by the Prelates, and assisted by their munificence, and also received a brief to enable him to collect contributions from the Duke of Ormond, then Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland.

He was consecrated at Edinburgh, 22d Oct. 1718, by Bishops Rose, Falconer, and Fullarton, and in 1727 succeeded the last in the capacity of Bishop of Edinburgh and Primus; but died a few months afterwards, in October of the same year.

3. Andrew Lumsden, 1727. Formerly incumbent of Duddingston, and being elected Bishop on the death of Bishop Millar, was consecrated on the 2d of November, in that year, by Bishops Cant, Rattray, and Keith. He died in July 1733.

4. David Freebairn, 1733. This Prelate was formerly minister of Dunning, and was consecrated Bishop at Edinburgh on the 7th of October, 1722, by Bishops Fullarton, Millar, and Irvine. Annandale, Nithsdale, and Tweeddale, together with the diocese of Galloway, were placed under his inspection. He was also appointed Primus, and on the death of Bishop Lumsden, elected to the see of Edinburgh. He seems to have been unpopular with his brethren, retaining Jacobitical prejudices, and attempting to revive an extraneous influence over the Church, which, however, in consonance with loyalty to his expatriated Sovereign, had become an object of dislike to a majority of the Bishops. He died in 1739.

5. William Falconer, 1776. For a long interval, no Bishop was appointed to Edinburgh. In 1741, Mr Falconer, who had been a minister at Forres, was consecrated at Alloa, by Bishops Rattray, Keith, and White. He was first appointed to Caithness, then to Murray, of which he was Bishop, when elected Primus, in 1762, and lastly in 1776, to Edinburgh. He died in 1784.

6. Dr William Abernethy Drummond, 1787. This Prelate was for many years a minister in Edinburgh, and it is said, that he paid his respects to Prince Charles Edward, when His Royal Highness

held his Court at Holyroodhouse. But this public avowal of his loyalty was afterwards a source of annoyance and danger to him, and he is said to have availed himself of his medical degree, and worn the professional dress of a physician in Edinburgh, to avoid, of course, the persecution then directed against clergymen. He was descended from the family of Abernethy of Saltown in Banffshire, and upon his marriage with the heiress of Drummond of Hawthornden, in Midlothian, assumed that additional surname. He was consecrated at Peterhead, on the 26th of September 1787, by Bishops Kilgour, Skinner, and Macfarlane, and appointed to the see of Brechin: and a few months afterwards to that of Edinburgh. He retained the latter charge till 1805, when he resigned it, but continued his pastoral connection with the clergy of the diocese of Glasgow till his death in 1809. He wrote many tracts, and was much engaged in theological controversy.

7. Daniel Sandford, D.D., 1806. At this time an union betwixt the two classes of Episcopalians, the indigenous clergy, and those of English and Irish ordination, had taken place, the Scottish Clergy having subscribed the thirty-nine articles of the Church of England; and Dr Sandford, at alented clergyman of English ordination, was, on the 17th of January in this year, unanimously elected Bishop of Edinburgh, and consecrated at Dundee on the 9th of February following, by Bishops Skinner, Watson, and Jolly. He presided over his extensive diocese, to the complete satisfaction of all within it, for twenty-four years, and died in 1830.

8. James Walker, D.D., 1830. Formerly minister of St Peter's Church, and first Pantonian Professor of Divinity; which latter he retained till his death. He was consecrated at Stirling, on the 7th of March, by the Bishops of Brechin, Moray, Aberdeen, and Ross. During his Episcopate, a Synod, which met at Edinburgh in August, 1837, severed the see of Glasgow from that of Edinburgh. Bishop Walker died on the 5th of March 1841, in the 71st year of his age, after many years of suffering and ill health.

9. Charles Hughes Terrot, D.D., 1841. On the death of Bishop Walker, the Very Reverend Charles Hughes Terrot, D.D., of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Dean of Edinburgh, was elected; and consecrated at Aberdeen on the 2d of June, by the Bishops of Dunkeld and Dunblane, Aberdeen, Ross, and Argyle, Glasgow, and Brechin.

Arms of the see of Edinburgh: Azure, a saltier argent, in chief a mitre of the last, garnished or.

SEE OF GALLOWAY.

This very ancient See was founded, about the year 450, by St Ninian, Bishop (sometimes called St Ringan), who converted many of the inhabitants to Christianity, and built a church of white stone, in honour of St Martin, bishop. The church retained the name derived from its white appearance, and thence the See of Galloway has ever born the Latin appellation of Candida Casa. This survives also in the vernacular name of Whithorn, now a royal burgh, which was the seat of the Bishopric, and in which a priory of Canons regular was founded in the reign of David I. They formed the Chapter of the See. There is another theory respecting the origin of the name Candida Casa: that it is a translation of Leucophibia, by which name Ptolemy is supposed to mean a British station, occupying the position where Whithorn now stands.

There is no regular list of the Bishops extant until the 12th century, but from that time to the reformation twenty-one prelates are recorded, ending with Andrew Durie, who was also Abbot of Melrose, and died in 1558.

Alexander Gordon, formerly Bishop of the Isles, was translated to this See on the death of Bishop Durie. He turned Protestant, and endeavoured to retain his office, but in vain, for not only was he prohibited from exercising his functions as a Bishop, but suspended also from the office of a private minister by the Assembly of the kirk; yet he always retained the title of Bishop of Galloway, and when dying, in 1576, made a resignation thereof, which was afterwards confirmed by charter under the Great Seal to his own son John Gordon. Thus,' says Bishop Keith,' went the ecclesiastical benefices in that period.'

The next bishop legitimately consecrated, was Gavin Hamilton, who was consecrated in London, 20th October, 1610. This line ended with Thomas Sydserf, who was the only Scottish Bishop who survived the troubles, and was translated to Orkney.

In 1661, James Hamilton, brother to the first Lord Belhaven, was consecrated in London to this See, together with Archbishop Sharp, and Bishop Leighton. The fourth in succession from him, John Gordon, was Bishop at the Revolution, and followed King James to France. From that time the title has been in abeyance, until latterly resumed by the Right Reverend Michael Russell, D.C.L., Bishop also of Glasgow.