can co-operate with them, supplying their confessed deficiencies.

2. Assuming that our work should be of a supplementary character, we find that they need sympathy, advice, practical assistance. Several avenues are already open. We have one medical man. The Presbyterians have a hospital at Teulon. Extend this work, which the immigration officials say is much appreciated.

3. Eut it is along educational lines that at present they need our help the most. Encourage some of our Methodist young men and women to accept positions in government schools in these foreign colonies. The Inspector informs me that it is difficult to secure Canadian teachers for these scnools, that special permits would be granted to competent teachers, that there is splendid work to be done. One of the immigration officials informs me that the Galicians would welcome the establishment of the Sunday-school. This work would involve no extra expense to the Missionary Society. It does involve some self-denial on the part of the teacher. Who will go for us?

4. Let the Missionary Society establish scholarships at Wesley College or at Albert College which would assist bright foreign boys to fit themselves. as school-teachers. With the help of a Canadian Christian environment, our professors could leave their stamp. upon these teachers and thus help to mould the entire community.

5. From among our probationers at Wesley College, ask for volunteers for foreign work at home. Allow these to substitute German or Russian or

Ruthenian or Polish for Greek (as the candidates for Indian work substitute Indian). During their course let them do practical work in connection with All Peoples' Mission, if possible. living in a foreign home. (The Roman Catholics have missionaries who know the language, and have even sent priests to Galicia to study the language and the condition of the people.) Our workers trained in this manner would be able to do effective service in the way that would open out or that experience might prove best. At present, with no accurate knowledge and no trained workers. and no definite policy, we cannot but bu cer.

6. This brings us to the necessity for the establishment of an Advisory Mission Council in the West. Let there be representatives from the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches, and, if possible, from the Church of England, the Bapt'st and Lutheran Churches. For some years the Foreign Mission Boards in the United States and Canada have held conferences concerning the work in the foreign field. An Advisory Council is not impracticable. It is a necessity if we are to have anything like a mutual understanding-if we are to adopt any far-reaching policyif we are to make any effort at all commensurate with the greatness of the work.

We have been told that we are laying the foundation of empire. Is our empire to be built on the sands of material prosperity or founded on the eternal rock of righteousness? The Church must furnish an answer.

great plains of Manitoba and the North-West Territories, are specially adapted for the production of cereals. particularly wheat of the best quality known. In other sections, conditions favor the production of the highest quality of the many varieties of fruits that grow in temperate climates, while all the arable lands of the Dominion offer advantages for mixed farming, for growing grain, grass, and, in most localities, roots and other forage other forage plants, and for raising cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and poultry, and for the production of butter and cheese. More than half of the population is engaged in farming, but the area of unoccupied land is so large that no adequate idea can yet be formed as to the vast quantities of food which Canada could produce were its inhabitants at all proportionate to its possibilities.

With such conditions it is apparent that the development and fostering of

the agricultural interests of Canada is a subject of pre-eminent importance to all classes of her people. The rapid advancement made by the country during the past few years in the development of her agricultural resources is wonderful, and the gain has been in such products where growth is likely to be permanent and increasing. Within a few years the exports of farm produce from this country have more than doubled, and now amount annually to over $100,000,000. The articles which have given the largest increase are: wheat, flour, oats, pease, cattle, cheese, butter, pork, bacon, hams and fruit. The possibility of extension in the production of all these is practically unlimited. We have suitable climate, an enormous area of fertile soil, and other facilities necessary to a vast increase of our agricultural productions, and we are now having the increase of population needed to utilize the

great wealth which has long lain buried in our fertile lands.

Twenty years ago farming in Canada was in a depressed condition. A committee was appointed by the Dominion Government to inquire into the causes of this depression. Careful investigation led to the conclusion that the lack of success was not due to any fault in climate or soil, nor to lack of industry among the farmers, but to defective methods and want of skill and knowledge in nearly all departments. There was a lack of information as to the proper preparation of the soil, maintenance of its fertility, rotation of crops and the best time for sowing and planting. There was a lack of a fuller knowledge in stock breeding, manufacturing of butter and cheese, and how to overcome the ravages of destructive insects and weeds.

To remedy these conditions the Dominion Government established the to system of experimental farms. demonstrate which were the best methods to follow looking to the production of the highest quality and larger quantity of the more important farm products in all the different climates of Canada.

Action was first taken in 1886, when the Hon. (now Sir) John Carling was Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion, and the experimental farms so much needed were gradually established. The work has been enlarged and fostered under the able administration of the Hon. Sydney Fisher, the present Minister of Agriculture.

The Government authorized the establishment of the central farm of 465 acres at Ottawa to serve the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec; of a branch farm at Nappan, Nova Scotia, of 325 acres, to serve the Maritime Provinces; of another at Brandon, Manitoba, having 650 acres; of one at

Indian Head, for the North-West Territories, with 680 acres, and of still another in the valley of the Fraser at Agassiz, British Columbia, with 320 acres. Thus experiments can be made in the varied climates extending over a very wide area of the country. The appropriation made for the carrying out of the work was $75,000 a year.

In 1886 Dr. William Saunders was appointed director of these experimental farms for Canada. Dr. Saunders' full and scientific knowledge of the work entrusted to his care, his unflagging industry, his conscientious fidelity to every detail in the many departments, his power for organization, his executive ability and his enthusiastic love for the work, as well as the great success achieved, have shown the wisdom of the appointment. Dr. Saunders has been fortunate in the staff associated with him. Each officer is a specialist in his own department, and is earnest in his desire to do his work so thoroughly that the farmers. may implicitly rely upon the results of the experiments made.

The several provinces also supplement the experimental work of the Dominion by their own agricultural colleges. Foremost of these is the Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph, which, under the able administration of Dr. James Mills has won a world-wide reputation. Of this institution we printed a full account in this magazine for July, 1899. We also printed a report of Prince Kropotkin, the distinguished Russian scientist, who gave very high praise to the experimental farms of the Dominion.

While it is not claimed that the wonderful progress which has been made in farming during the last decade and a half is wholly due to the work of the Dominion experimental farms, much credit is justly due the agencies established by the various provinces. There