ten thousand, &c., found in prose or poetry, must be emphasized by the reader. By emphasis is meant an earnest, vehement, or expressive signification of one's mind-a form of speech that indicates more than is expressed by words, and can be comprehended only from some peculiar significant manner of expression. Thus:

Will you study elocution?

If I lay stress on you, it would imply, will you or your sons or friends, or someone else. If on study, you would say, No, I have no time to study it; I shall read it with pleasure. If on elocution, it would imply elocution in preference to money-making or the other daily time-killing occupations which crave and gain our attention. If, then, it is so easy to emphasize, and emphasis gives, or is supposed to give, the true meaning of a passage, may not an untaught reader give wrong emphasis to a truth of vital importance? He not only may. He does. And beauties are lost or left unappreciated by an hungry people through false emphasis, or what is equally faulty, namely, constant emphasis on all words alike. Turn to the 139th Psalm, v. 12, and read, "The darkness and the light are both alike to Thee." The word "both" is wrongly emphasized by readers. It is alike that needs the emphasis, because darkness and light are alike to God, with whom there is no darkness at all. All things are "alike"-light to Him. Emphasize, then, "darkness, light, alike," in reading this passage. And now to the rules, &c., that shall teach us the "how and why" of this great requisite even among the literati of society.

EXAMPLE 1ST.

"And there were born unto him seven sons and three daughters. His substance also was seven hundred sheep, and three thousand camels, and five hundred yoke of oxen, and five hundred she-asses, and a very great household; so that this man was the greatest of all the men of the east."-Job i. 2, 3.

"So the Lord blessed the latter end of Job more than his beginning: for he had fourteen thousand sheep, and six thousand camels, and a thousand yoke of oxen, and a thousand she-asses. He had also seven sons and three daughters."-Job xlii. 12, 13.

Under this rule, too, the ordinals are arranged as the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, &c.; and the adverbs, firstly, secondly, thirdly, fourthly, fifthly, &c., &c.

EXAMPLES.

"And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald; the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolyte; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst."-Rev. xxi. 19, 20.

NOTE.-In Poland, according to a superstitious belief, each month of the year is under the influence of some precious stone, which influence is attached to the destiny of persons born during the course of the month. In consequence of which belief, it is customary among friends, and more particularly between lovers, to make on birthdays reciprocal presents, consisting of some jewel, ornamented with the tutelar stone. It is generally believed that this prediction of happiness, or rather, of the future destiny, will be realized according to the wishes expressed on the occasion. Thus January. The stone of January is the jacinth, or garnet, which denotes constancy and fidelity in any sort of engagement. February, the amethyst: a preservation against violent passions, and an assurance of peace of mind. March: the bloodstone is the stone of courage and wisdom in perilous undertakings, and firmness in affection. April: the sapphire, or diamond, is the stone of magnificence and kindness of disposition. May, the emerald. This stone signifies happiness in love and domestic felicity June: the agate is the stone of long life, health, and prosperity. July: the ruby, or cornelian, denotes forgetfulness of, and exemption from, the vexations caused by friendship and love August, the sardonyx. This stone denotes conjugal felicity. September: the chrysolyte is the stone which prevents and preserves from madness or despair, October: the aqua-marine, or opal, signifies hope in distress. November: the topaz signifies fidelity and friendship. December: the turquoise is the stone which expresses great sureness and prosperity in love, and in all the circumstances of life Hence to them the walls of heaven guard the inhabitants from every kind of evil.

EXERCISES.

"And God spake all these words, saying, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Eygpt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not

make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generations of them that hate me: And showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain: For the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Remember the sabbath-day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor the stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath-day, and hallowed it.”—Ex. xx.

"If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold, truly Lamach seventy and sevenfold.-Gen iv. 24.

"And Enoch lived sixty and five years, and begat Methuselah. And Enoch walked with God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years, and begat sons and daughters. And all the days of Enoch were three hundred, sixty, and five years.-Gen. v. 21-24.

"Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail, and the mountains were covered.-Gen vii. 20.

66

Suppose ye that those eighteen upon whom the tower of Siloam fell were sinners above all men?"-Luke xiii. 4.

Bring out the word "eighteen" by emphasis, and then turn to the following books and chapters and read them aloud, noticing for the present only the words that represent figures:--Numbers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd chaps. ; Ezra, 2nd and 8th chaps.; Matt., 18th chap., from 21st to 29th verse; Gen., 5th and 7th chaps.; Rev., 7th and 9th chaps.; and give long tones to the numbers, for the sake of exercising the voice in emphasis.

"And John answered him, saying, Master, we saw one casting out devils in thy name, and he followeth not us; and we forbade him, because he followeth not us. But Jesus said, forbid him not for there is no man which shall do a miracle in my name, that can lightly speak evil of me. For he that is not against us is on our part. For whosoever shall give a cup of water to drink in my name, because ye belong to Christ, verily I say unto you, he shall not lose his reward. And whosoever shall offend one of these little ones that believe in me, it is better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea. And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched. Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.” - Mark ix. 38–44.

Read the Bible through as an exercise on this first part of our subject.

EXERCISES CONTINUED.

In the five hundred and fortieth year from the building of the city of Rome, Hannibal conquered and slew three thousand Africans, twenty consular, and Praetorian men; thirty senators were taken prisoners or slain, and three hundred noblemen, besides forty thousand soldiers and three thousand five hundred horse: No Roman deigned, however, to make mention of peace, but, discharging their servants, and forcing them into the ranks to fill the broken lines in this, the heaviest battle of the Punic wars through which the Romans ever waded, and even when Hannibal offered them the privilege of redeeming their fellowcitizens from his captivity, their answer was: No. Those citizens are not necessary that allowed themselves to be taken prisoners whilst

armed." And Hannibal slew the prisoners, and took from their fingers and hands three bushels of gold rings, and sent them to Carthage as some of the spoils of war.

Under this rule, too, comes: First, last, lastly, half, after, another, yesterday, to-day, to-morrow, again, for ever never, everlastingly.

"Ye banks and braes and streams around

The castle of Montgomery;

Green be your woods and fair your flowers,

Your waters never drumlie;

There summer first unfolds his robes,

And there they longest tarry;

For there I took my last farewell

Of my sweet Highland Mary !-Burns.

MACBETH ON THE FLIGHT OF TIME.

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day;
To the last syllable of recorded time!

And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death! but out brief candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player,
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,

And then is heard no more; it is a tale

Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifying nothing. - Shakespere.

As an exercise here, point out the words included in the list I have given, and give long tones to them in reading the above, and also to the following exercises:

HUBERT AND KING JOHN.

Hub. My lord, they say five moons were seen to-night,

Four fixed, and the fifth did whirl about

The other four in wond'rous motion.

King John. Five moons!

Hub. Old men and beldams in the streets,

Do prophesy upon it dangerously!

Young Arthur's death is common in their mouths,
And when they talk of him they shake their heads,
And whisper one another in the ear;

And he that speaks doth gripe the hearer's wrist,
Whilst he that hears makes fearful action,

With wrinkled brows, with nods, with rolling eyes.
I saw a smith stand with his hammer thus,-
The whilst his iron did on his anvil cool,
With open mouth, swallowing a tailor's news:
Who with his shears and measure in his hand,
Standing in slippers (which his nimble haste
Had falsely thrust upon contrary feet),

Told of many thousand warlike friends

That were embattel'd and rank'd in Kent.

Another lean unwash'd artificer

Cuts off his tale, and talks of Arthur's death!-Shakespere.

SECOND RULE, WITH EXAMPLES.

The second class of important words to an elocutionist are the nouns, or the names of persons, places or things. If I go into a bazaar and look at the great variety of articles exposed for sale, I know that these articles, in grammatical language, are called nouns. I find some of them give forth a sweet-smelling scent: that scent, too,