vanced in both his pamphlets. The queftion relaing to the naturalization of the Jews, confidered in a political, or commercial light, he does not enter into, but confines himself entirely to that part of it, which is religious and moral. In his pamphlet publifhed in the year 1754, he examined how far the admiffion of the Jews into our community may be confiftent with, or repugnant to our duty and obligations, as Chriftians. The arguments that have been urged to prove it inconfiftent, he reduces to the four following.

1. That it is counteracting the decrees of God, whose will appears, by the prophecies, to be, that, for the punishment of their difobedience, they fhould remain in a ftate of difperfion, without any fixed fettlement. 2. That it is giving countenance to the crucifiers of our Lord and Saviour, the accurfed of God; whom, inftead of cherishing and inviting, we ought to reject and abhor. 3. That it is receiving and nurfing up to our own deftruction, the bittereft enemies of our moft holy religion. 4. That it tends to the corruption of our own people to incorporate with them, the most corrupt and abandoned nation on earth, in point of morality,

In answer to the first argument he obferves that, fince the final difperfion of the Jews under Adrian, they have actually had, both in the Eaft and Weft, large and extensive settlements, with their fynagogues, courts of juftice, and even princes and patriarchs at their head; not to mention the innumerable ones of wealthy traders in almost every trading city of the world. So, that if this were the meaning of the prophecies, they would deferve no attention, being already falfified in a thousand inftances by the event, Whoever ferioufly attends, our author fays, to the whole feries of God Almighty's difpenfations towards the Jewish nation, comparing his threatnings and his promifes, his judgments and his mercies, towards them; as well thofe already executed, as those whofe execution is ftill depending, or deferred; will fee abundant reafon to be convinced, that the punishment of the Jews, as a people, confifts in their feparation from the Land of Promife, in the deftruction of their city, temple, and civil government, as exercifed in Judea, whilft God permitted them to continue a nation, under his own theocratical fuperintendency.

To the fecond argument he replies by afking:- Has God Almighty any where in feripture forbidden us to harbour and befriend the defcendants from that generation of men, fome of whom crucified our Saviour? If not, who made us

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the executors of his vengeance upon them? Are we, in his ftead, to punish the fins of the fathers upon the children, and to carry the refentment too, not to the third and fourth, but to the thirtieth and fortieth generation?-In other inftances we do not argue thus. We do not look upon the children of the most abandoned parents, much lefs the defcendants from diftant ancestors, to be infected with fuch a new fpecies of original fin, or likely to communicate it to us; though we treat them with all offices of humanity, nay, and contract alliances with them, we are far from thinking, that fuch a conduct towards them, implies an approbation of the fins of their families.

As to the third argument he obferves, that a zeal for the preservation and fecurity of our moft holy religion, is certainly highly commendable, provided it be tempered with that fpirit of moderation and charity, which is enjoined by the author of it; Blefs them that perfecute you, &c. Now if we are to practice this benevolence towards those who do actually perfecute us, how much more towards fuch whom we can accuse of nothing, but a preference of their own belief to ours! The Jews themselves admitted the ftranger within their gates; and our Saviour, by the parable of the poor Samaritan, plainly teaches us, that difference in opinion upon religious points, ought not to interfere with the offices of humanity and compassion.

The fourth argument naturally leads him, to take a short view of our national character in regard to morals, which whoever calmly reflects on, as he juftly obferves, will find little reason to think that we have any new leffons of immorality to learn; or, that any thing that bears any relation thereto, is to be apprehended from the Jews'; Unless to some few of us, fays he, it may be matter of apprehenfion, left they should leffen our opportunities of ex❝ercifing our own iniquities; and to all, or almost all, left they should shame our negligence and coldness of affection towards our most excellent religion, by their zealous, though mistaken attachment to that, which they received from their forefathers.'

This is a fhort abstract, of what is contained in our author's little piece, entitled AIAZПOPA; his remarks upon fome paffages in Dr. Warburton's Dedication to the Jews, are introduced in the following manner :

The writer of the fmall tract mentioned in the title page having obferved, in a Dedication addreffed to the Jews by Q4 · W. War

• W. Warburton D. D. Dean of Bristol, fome propofitions directly, and effentially contradicting thofe advanced in the faid tract; and being very unwilling to remain himself under fo great a deception, and much more fo, to be the occafion of misleading any other perfon, he has thought himfelf obliged to re-confider, with all poffible attention, the opinion, which he then delivered, and to examine, with the utmost care, and impartiality, the contrary affertions now exhibited, by an opponent, whofe great genius, and • extenfive knowledge entitle him to particular regard.

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It is very poffible that the obfcure pamphlet above-mentioned may be as unknown, as the writer of it, to the learned Dean. He has therefore no right to treat the Dedication, as an anfwer to the Diaspora. But, as the doctrines advanced in the former, do, if true, and conformable to Scripture, (which he apprehends they are not) totally overthrow the fyftem of the latter, the author thinks it incumbent on him to submit his objections thereto to the public,

And, in doing it, he flatters himself that he fhall meet, as well on the part of the very learned dedicator himself, as of others, with that candor, and indulgence, which is due to one, not moved by a petulant fpirit of contradiction, or by any political partiality to that fide of the queftion, which he supports; but induced both to publish his thoughts upon it at firft, and now to attempt a defence of them, by the fole defire of contributing to the discovery and establishment of the true fenfe of the prophecies, with respect to the very important point under debate.'

The propofitions contained, either exprefly, or by neceflary confequence, in Dr. Warburton's Dedication, which our author fufpects to be ill-founded, are the following. 1. That the fentence denounced by God Almighty upon the Jews, was, not only the lofs of their own community, but the being debarred an entrance into any other, inasmuch as they are condemned to be aliens, and ftrangers in every land, where they abide and fojourn: and that God, in punishment of their nation for rejecting their promised Meffiah, had fentenced it to the irremiffible infamy of an unfettled vagabond condition, without country or civil policy, till the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.

2. That the punishment above can only respect particuJars, and not the community: fo that the fentence against them imports, that the particulars of their race fhall not be

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received by naturalization to the rights and privileges of the free-born fubjects of those civil ftates, amongst which they fhall happen to be difperfed.

3. That the naturalization granted to them by the act paffed in the 26th year of his Majesty, and afterwards repealed, was a naturalization contradictory to that sentence, or, in other words, to the prophecies, which pronounce it.

4. That their future reftitution to divine favour, will confift, not in being re-called to their own original country; but, in being naturalized, and incorporated into the various communities of the faithful.

Thefe propofitions our author examines in a very clear and diftinct manner, and appears, through both his pieces, in the character of a fincere and impartial enquirer after truth. Whether the interpretation he gives of the prophecies relating to the Jews be a juft one or not, we fhall not attempt here to determine: we have only to obferve, that he writes like a Gentleman, a Scholar, and a Chriftian. Here are no traces of an over-bearing haughty fpirit, or of that illiberal turn of mind, which difgrace the controverfial writings of his antagonist, but, on the contrary, many evident marks of that candid, modeft, and humble difpofition, which is the characteriftic of every genuine Difciple of JESUS.

The principal point he contends for in his remarks is, the literal revocation, and re-establishment of the Jewish people, in the land given, from the first, by God Almighty to their forefathers, for an everlasting poffeffion. As to the fentence pronounced upon the Jews, his notion is this:

That the condemnation of the Hebrew People is general, and national; i. e. not neceffarily extended to individuals, in the sense of a perfonal punishment, or fuffering, the • diftribution of which, in proportion to perfonal offence, is referved to the great Judge of all.-That it consists-In the difperfion, or fcattering through the nations, confidered in the light of a removal, and feparation from the land of promife, inferring and including the breach of all thofe tyes, which united them, as a religious and civil commu6 nity there, under the government of the God of Jacob ;— and in the confequences of fuch feparation;- That they ⚫ want the illumination of divine grace to guide them into the way of truth, being left, generally, I do not fay, univerfally (for fome are frequently converted) to the error of their own conceits, in confequence of which, the veil, as it is ftiled by St. Paul, remains to this day upon their hearts;

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⚫ and that blindnefs, which is faid by him to have happened in part to Ifrael, ftill continues to mislead them; - In a word, that they are no longer, in the fense in which they formerly 6 were fo, the People of God.'

The Military Engineer: Or, a Treatife on the Attack and Defence of all Kinds of fortified Places. In which are explained the Conftruction of the neceffary Works, with the Method of defigning them on Paper, and transferring the Plan to the Ground; the Attacks of large Towns, with their different Outworks moft in Ufe; and alfo of fmaller Places, Forts and other Pofts, which occur in the Courfe of a War; the Manner of Efcalades and Surprises; and all other Matters relating either to the Works or Operations, necessary to convey a full Knowlege of the Art of Engineering. Compofed by M. Le Blond, Profef for of Mathematics, for the Ufe of the French Noblesse. To which is added, a fuccinct Account of three remarkable Sieges at different Periods, by which the Progrefs of the Art is pointed aut. Illuftrated with twenty Copper-Plates. 8vo. 2 vols. 8s. in boards. Nourfe.

M

R. Le Blond's character as an engineer is fo univerfally established, that a good translation of his writings muft neceffarily be acceptable to those gentlemen, who ftudy this branch of the art of war, and are unacquainted with the French language.

We learn from the author's advertisement prefixed to the work, that he had no defign either to fupercede, or improve upon, the celebrated Marshal Vauban's methods of attack and defence; but rather to write an elementary treatife on the fame fubject, on the fame principles. These volumes, therefore, are not to be confidered as a repetition, or tranfcript of Vauban; but as a fuperftructure raised on his foundation, in which the author has likewife availed himself of the works of fubfequent writers, fuch as Feuquieres, Goulon, Folard, &c.

Mr. Le Blond, very properly, begins with general obfervations on the preparatives neceffary for the attack of a fortified town; explains the terms of art that will occur in the fequel of his work; and lays down fuch maxims as are conftantly to be obferved on these occafions. He then proceeds to inveft, which is the first operation of a fiege, and is generally executed by a body of cavalry, before the arrival of the

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