and accepting the teaching of the holy Scriptures as understood by the fathers, doctors, and confessors of the first eight centuries of the undivided Christian Church throughout the world.

II. A validly ordained ministry in the apostolic succession is not alone sufficient for Christian and Catholic unity. For we must also accept the Apostles', the Nicene, and the Athanasian Creeds without addition (of the Filioque) or subtraction from the faith.

III. We also acknowledge and accept the dogmatic decrees of the seven ecumenical councils as the fundamental basis of unity in the Christian faith, and, in addition, all orthodox definitions of the synods of Bethlehem [see JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF] and of Trent, concerning the seven sacraments, as clear and concise statements of the doctrines taught by the Catholic Church throughout the world.

IV. We reject the authority and deny the infallibility of any patriarch who claims, contrary to the canons of the seven ecumenical councils, supreme and sole jurisdiction over the one boly Catholic and apostolic Church of Christ.

V. The monastic life among Orthodox Catholics is a devout life of voluntary sacrifice to God, and of willing service and love toward men. We do not adore the images of Jesus Christ, the Blessed Virgin, and the saints, but venerate them as representing sacred persons.

VI. We believe firmly, according to the inspired teaching of the holy Scriptures, that there is only one Mediator of redemption between God and man, Christ Jesus (I Tim. ii. 5). We believe also that the intercessory prayers of the saints, who are our glorified brethren in the Church Triumphant, are joined with those of us who are in the Church Militant on earth, for we are united in that one communion of saints of the creed.

VII. Finally, we permit no dissent from the orthodox doctrines of our faith, for no one may add to, or take away from, the fundamental faith of the one holy Catholic and apostolic Church of Christ.

The Orthodox Catholic Church, therefore, invites all clergy and Christians in the Western patriarchate who seek to assist and support the 3. Aims movement for Christian union, not of the only of the separated non-Roman comOrthodox munions organized since the sixteenth, Catholic seventeenth, and later centuries, but Church. also of all divisions, Eastern and Wes

tern, older or younger, larger or smaller, of the one holy Catholic Church to study seriously that fundamental faith of the undivided Christian Church of the seven ecumenical councils. Only by returning freely and fully to the primitive apostolic principles, and to that traditional orthodox teaching developed carefully and consistently from them, which preserved, for generation after generation, the unity in the faith of the Christian Church during the passing perils of those destructive divisions, can sectarianism, heresy, and schism be restrained, averted, and resisted in the present and the future, as it has been historically in those past ecclesiastical periods. Finally, the archbishop of the Orthodox Catholic Church of America, with his two senior suffragans, has recently reaffirmed the same principles promulgated by the Orthodox Catholic episcopate of Europe in their Utrecht Declaration (for which see below) in the following pastoral addressed to the clergy and Christians throughout the western world:

Declaration of faith and ecclesiastical principles solemnly promulgated for the purpose of aiding in the reformation of the Latin Church, and the reorganization of the Roman Curia, according to the spirit of the primitive Christian Church in the Western Patriarchate, of orthodox and glorious memory.

In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, the eternal, consubstantial, and undivided Trinity.

We, Joseph Réné Archbishop Vilatte, Stephen Bishop

Kaminski, and Paul Bishop Miraglia-by the grace of God and the free suffrages of our faithful, through the Apostolic Succession transmitted lawfully, validly, and canonically to us from that venerable Patriarchal See of the East, founded in Antioch by the blessed Apostle Peter himself, which, with its indisputable apostolic authority, rights, and powers, has been continued without interruption unto this day-validly consecrated bishops of the Catholic Church, joined in ecclesiastical union, and canonically assembled in the name of the Lord, in the orthodox Catholic Cathedral of Buffalo, on this the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ commemorated in the year 4. Pasnineteen hundred and ten, do hereby solemntoral of ly affirm, repeat, and declare anew, that our Vilatte, Faith and Teaching is the apostolic, orthoKaminski, dox, and catholic doctrine as it has been and truly defined, confirmed, and established by the seven ecumenical councils of the unMiraglia. divided Church. Moreover, in the canonical exercise of our apostolic mission and authority, and especially for the strengthening of our faithful, and the perfecting of our ministry in the several divisions of the Western Patriarchate, viz., in America, Europe, and Africa, we accept and declare the general authority of the use of the Latin For from the Western Ritual books we are able not Rite. only to extract and teach truly and faithfully the apostolic and primitive orthodox doctrine of the Church of Christ, but also, by means of their careful explanation and use, to restore it more and more to its former exalted state. Furthermore, we exhort with our whole heart and in boundless charity all those who call themselves Christians, who believe and hope in Christ the Incarnate Son of God and Savior of men, that while preserving and defending all consistent spiritual liberty which is the fruit of righteousness, we may truly become more and more one in faith, hope, and love, offering without ceasing continual prayers and devout petitions to the compassionate and most high God, beseeching him, the eternal Father of us all, to have mercy on those who are commonly called unbelievers, materialists, and rationalists, the members of whom through the grievous circumstances of our times, are increasing more and more, and to illumine the darkness of their doubting restless minds, so that, converted and led by the Holy Spirit, they may be restored to the communion of the Church of Christ.

Finally, let us both labor for Christian and fraternal unity, and pray ever more fervently to the Triune God imploring the hastening of that coming day which is to bring the longawaited triumph of the one Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, that glorious future day when all faithful followers of the Incarnate Son of God shall become united again, one fold and one shepherd, who is the risen and ascended Christ alone.

May the Triune God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, through the ceaseless proclamation of the holy and eternal Gospel of Christ, favor and assist us in our work for his Glory in the Church Militant on earth. Amen. Given in the city of Buffalo on the day, month, and year designated above.

To this document may be appended the Utrecht Declaration, to which allusion has already been made:

We, Johannes Heykamp, Archbishop of Utrecht, Casparus Johannes Rinkel, Bishop of Haarlem, Cornelius Diependaal, Bishop of Deventer, Joseph Hubert Reinkens, Bishop of the Old Catholic Church of Germany, and Eduard Herzog, Bishop of the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland, assembled on this four and twentieth day of September, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, at the archiepiscopal residence at Utrecht, having invoked the assistance of the Holy Spirit, address the 5. The following Declaration to the Catholic Church: Utrecht Dec"Having assembled in conference in relaration. sponse to an invitation from the undersigned Archbishop of Utrecht, we have determined henceforward to hold consultation together from time to time on matters of common interest, in conjunction with our assistants, councilors, and theologians. We deem it fitting that, at this our first meeting, we should set forth a brief declaration of the ecclesiastical principles on which we have hitherto exercised our episcopal office, and shall continue to exercise it in the future, as we have already in separate declarations repeatedly taken occasion to state.

"I. We hold firmly to the ancient ecclesiastical rule formulated by Vincent of Lerins, 'Id teneamus quod ubique, quod semper, quod ab omnibus creditum est; hoc etenim vere proprieque catholicum.'

"We therefore hold fast to the faith of the Ancient Church as expressed in the Ecumenical Creeds, and in the universaliy accepted dogmatic decisions of the Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church of the first one thousand years.

"II. We reject as opposed to the Faith of the Ancient Church, and destructive of its primitive constitution, the Vatican Decrees of July 18, 1870, concerning the infallibility and the universal episcopate or the ecclesiastical omnipotence of the Pope of Rome. But this does not hinder us from recognizing the historical primacy attributed by various Ecumenical Councils, and Fathers of the early Church, to the Bishop of Rome as primus inter pares, with the consent of the entire Church of the first one thousand years.

"III. We reject also as not founded on Holy Scripture, and on the traditions of the first centuries, the declaration of Pius IX. in the year 1854, concerning the Immaculate Conception of Mary.

"IV. So also respecting the other dogmatic decrees issued by the Bishops of Rome in later times, viz., the Bulls 'Unigenitus' and 'Auctorem fidei,' the 'Syllabus of 1864' and the like pronouncements, we reject them so far as they are opposed to the teaching of the early Church, and do not therefore regard them as authoritative. Furthermore, we renew all the solemn protests which, in times past, the Ancient Catholic Church of Holland has made against Rome. "V. We do not accept the Council of Trent in its decisions concerning discipline; and its doctrinal definitions we accept only in so far as they agree with the teaching of the early Church.

"VI. Since the Holy Eucharist has always formed the central act in the divine service of the Catholic Church, we deem it our duty to declare that we hold firmly, and with all sincerity, the ancient Catholic faith concerning the Sacrament of the Altar, in which we believe that we truly receive the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ himself, under the forms of bread and wine.

"The celebration of the Eucharist in the Church is not a constant repetition or renewal of that atoning sacrifice which Christ offered once for all upon the Cross, but its sacrificial character consists in this, that it is a perpetual memorial of that sacrifice, and a real representation on Earth of that one offering of Christ for the salvation of redeemed mankind, which, according to Heb. ix. 11-12, is continually presented by Christ in Heaven, where he now appears for us in the presence of God (Heb. ix. 24). While this is truly the nature of the Eucharist in its relation to that one sacrifice of Christ, it is, at the same time, a holy sacrificial feast in which the faithful, receiving the Body and Blood of Christ, have communion one with another (I Cor. x. 17).

"VII. We trust that, through the efforts of theologians, a way may be found, while holding fast to the Faith of the Undivided Church, to reconcile the differences which have arisen since the divisions. We exhort the clergy under our charge, both in their sermons and in other religious instruction, to emphasize chiefly those essential truths of the Christian Faith which the ecclesiastically separated confessions hold in common; in dealing with existing differences, to avoid carefully the offending against truth and love; and both by precept and example to exhort members of our congregations to treat those who differ from them in belief in such a manner that they will truly exhibit the spirit of Jesus Christ who is the Savior of us all.

"VIII. We believe that it is by holding firmly to the teaching of Jesus Christ, while rejecting all errors which through the frailty of men have been mingled with it, and also all ecclesiastical abuses and hierarchical ambitions, that we shall do most to counteract the unbelief and the religious indifference which are the sorest evils of our times. "Given at Utrecht September 24, 1889."

ERNEST C. MARGRANDER.

PSYCHOTHERAPY AND CHRISTIAN SCIENCE:* Two systems which, both seeking to cure disease by mental healing, possess, at least superficially, points in common. For the better elucida*Statement from the Christian Science standpoint.

tion of the relation between the two, the following should be read in connection with PSYCHOTHERAPY, § 6. It is admitted, and it must so be understood by the reader, that this emendation is from the standpoint of a Christian Science practitioner; and it must also be understood that the theology and the healing of Christian Science are inseparable—in other words, it is the religious activity of the Christian Scientist, regenerating and transforming the mental, moral, and spiritual state of practitioner and patient, that brings physical healing. Christian Science, therefore, is a system which treats a diseased condition successfully, because it makes a whole man (cf. definition and derivation of the word "health" in the Standard Dictionary). Briefly, the therapeutics of Christian Science (see SCIENCE, CHRISTIAN, I., 1, § 6) may be said to be set forth in the following passage from Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, p. 138: "Jesus established in the Christian era the precedent for all Christianity, theology, and healing. Christians are under as direct orders now, as they were then, to be Christlike, to possess the Christ-spirit, to follow the Christexample, and to heal the sick as well as the sinning. It is easier for Christianity to cast out sickness than sin, for the sick are more willing to part with pain than are sinners to give up the sinful, so-called pleasure of the senses. The Christian can prove this to-day as readily as it was proved centuries ago. Our Master said to every follower: 'Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature! Heal the sick! Love thy neighbor as thyself!' It was this theology of Jesus which healed the sick and the sinning. It is his theology in this book and the spiritual meaning of this theology, which heals the sick and causes the wicked to 'forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts.' Lack of space prevents amplification of the statement that the theology and the healing of Christian Science are one, but if the earnest inquirer will accept the scriptural accounts of healing as being true, and will conform his mental attitude, reading, and study to the endeavor of proving, and not of disproving, these statements, he will get an insight into the methods by which the healing works of Jesus and others were accomplished, and understand why Mrs. Eddy refers to such works, no matter in what century they are done, as mind-healing. As an aid and incentive to further research the student is directed to the following definitions from the Standard Dictionary: Christian. Relating to or derived from Christ or his doctrines." "Science. Knowledge gained or verified by exact observation and correct thinking, especially as methodically formulated and arranged in a rational system.

Theology. The branch of theological science that treats of God, etc." Theological Science. The branch of science that treats of God and the relations of God and man.' ." (Cf. also the word "soteriology," appropriated by both materia medica and scholastic theology, but which explains Christian Science as Christ Jesus exemplified its true meaning, i.e., the science of delivering.) No Christian can doubt that the relation of God to man is that of a deliverer from all evil, including the evil of disease; nor can the Christian doubt that Christ Jesus brought to

the world just that message. Christian Science is a rational system of exact knowledge, derived from the spiritual meaning of the Bible and the doctrines of Christ Jesus, setting forth the relations of God and man. The understanding of this demonstrable system as methodically formulated by Mrs. Eddy so influences the mental, moral, and spiritual state of man as to heal him and make him " every whit whole (John vii. 23). This is true and sure healing, and the highest expression of psychotherapy. HENRY VAN ÅRSDALE,

RENTOUL, JOHN LAURENCE: Australian Presbyterian; b. at Garvagh (25 m. e. of Londonderry), County Derry, Ireland, July 6, 1846. He was educated at Queen's College, Belfast, Queen's University, Dublin (M.A., 1868), the Assembly College, Belfast, and the University of Leipsic. He was minister successively of St. George's, Southport, Lancashire (1872-79), and of St. George's, St. Kilda, Melbourne (1879-84), and since 1884 has been connected with Ormond College, Melbourne University, first as professor of Hebrew and of Christian philosophy (1884-88) and later as professor of NewTestament Greek and exegesis (since 1888). He is president of the faculty of Ormond College, and was moderator of the General Assembly at Victoria in 1890, and a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Council at Toronto two years later. He is founder and president of the Peace, Humanity, and Arbitration Society, and from this point of view has opposed the South African war, defended the Australian aborigines, and sought to further the settlement of labor difficulties by arbitration. In addition to a large number of contributions to periodicals, etc., he has written Sermons . Preached at Southport (London, 1876); also The Early Church and the Roman Claims; and Prayers for Australian Households.

SCOTT, ERNEST FINDLAY: Canadian Presbyterian; b. at Tow Law (10 m. w. of Durham), England, March 18, 1868. He was educated at Glasgow University (M.A., 1888), Balliol College, Oxford (B.A., 1892), and the United Presbyterian College, Edinburgh (1894). He was minister of the United Free Church at Prestwick, Scotland, from 1895 to 1908, and was also Robertson Lecturer in Glasgow University in 1906–07, while since 1908 he has been professor of New-Testament literature in Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. In theology he belongs to the liberal school, and has written The Fourth Gospel, its Purpose and Theology (Edinburglı, 1906; 2d ed., 1908), The Apologetic of the New Testament (London, 1907), The Historical and Religious Value of the Fourth Gospel (Boston, 1909), and The Kingdom and the Messiah (Edinburgh, 1911).

SOUTH SEA ISLANDS: Niue or Savage Island: This island lies between 18 and 19° south latitude and 170° west longitude. It is about 350 miles s.e. of Samoa, is about 40 miles in circumference, and has a population of about 5,000. It was annexed to New Zealand in 1901. It was called Savage Island by Captain Cook owing to the character of the natives who, he says, rushed upon him like wild boars. Unsuccessful attempts at evangelization were made by the Rev. John Williams and others of the London

Missionary Society, but in 1846 the Rev. William Wyatt Gill and Rev. Henry Nisbet were able to place on the island a native teacher named Peniamina. In 1849 Paulo and his wife, Samoans who had been trained at the Malua Institution, were landed there, and several of the missionaries visited the island. In 1861 the Rev. William George Lawes became the first resident missionary, and after his appointment to New Guinea his brother, Rev. Francis Edwin Lawes, was in sole charge of the mission till 1909. There are now in connection with the London Missionary Society 11 native ordained agents, 16 native preachers, 1,800 church-members, 2,077 adherents, 11 Sunday-schools with 1,312 scholars, and 12 day schools with 1,220 scholars.

ARTHUR N. JOHNSON. SUPERANNUATION: Disqualification for active service by reason primarily of age, then of physical or mental disability. In Germany there exist institutions known as Emeritenanstalten which have as their object the support of superannuated servants of the Church, the basis being the consideration that those who have devoted their powers to this service have a claim upon the Church for support so long as they live, and that it is a duty of the organization to provide for them. But it is considered nothing less than fair that the minister, so long as he holds a lucrative position, contribute an allotted proportion of his income in view of the possibility of his becoming emeritus. There are in many places also funds which are derived in part at least from the income from a parish during the intervals when by reason of a vacancy there is no salary to be paid or from some portion of it. In different parts of the German Empire different ordinances are in force with reference to the proportion thus to be applied. The Roman Catholics have institutions known as domus emeritorum or Priesterhospitale which serve the purpose of supporting aged or disabled priests, in some cases the buildings of former monastic institutions being applied to this end. (H. F. JACOBSON†.)

In England and America the support of superannuated ministers is accomplished by the establishment of special funds, partly derived from endowments and partly from collections made annually or more frequently, under the care of boards which form a part of the machinery of the different denominations. Homes are also maintained to which the minister may retire when his service is ended.

XIXA.

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARIES: United Brethren in Christ-Bonebrake Theological Seminary: This is the only theological institution under the auspices of the church of the United Brethren in Christ, which now numbers 293,000 members. It is located at Dayton, O., and was opened for work Oct. 11, 1871, under the name of Union Biblical Seminary. In recognition of a gift of Kansas lands by Mr. and Mrs. John M. Bonebrake of Veedersburg, Ind., valued at $50,000 and upward, the board of directors in Jan., 1909, changed the name. The first faculty consisted of Rev. Lewis Davis, D.D., and Rev. George A. Funkhouser, A.M. Rev. J. P. Landis, A.M., then pastor of Summit Street Church, rendered assistance in Hebrew

and homiletics, and in 1880 was elected to the chair of Hebrew and pastoral theology. The same year Rev. A. W. Drury, A.M., was called to the chair of church history, being transferred to the chair of systematic theology in 1895, upon the death of John W. Etter, D.D.

The present faculty consists of Rev. J. P. Landis, Ph.D., D.D., president and professor of Old-Testament theology and Hebrew exegesis; Rev. G. A. Funkhouser, D.D., LL.D., Greek exegesis; Rev. A. W. Drury, D.D., systematic theology; Rev. S. D. Faust, D.D., church history; Rev. J. G. Huber, D.D., homiletics and secretary of faculty; Rev. J. Balmer Showers, B.D., New-Testament exegesis; Rev. W. A. Weber, B.D., religious pedagogy and education.

Four courses of study are offered: the regular course, which is substantially the equivalent of theological courses in the seminaries of our country; the English course, offered to persons not having a college diploma, and others who may not wish the Hebrew; a two-years' missionary course and a twoyears' deaconess course. It will thus appear that women are admitted, most of whom have prepared for mission work or as parish deaconesses, though several have completed the English course and several have taken the regular course, which includes Hebrew and Greek.

This seminary was one of the very first to introduce studies in Sunday-school lines, and six years ago the chair of religious pedagogy and education was constituted. Prominence has also for years been given to missions. Thirty-eight students have gone to the foreign field, and a large number into

the home-mission field of the West. While work has for several years been done in sociology, in 1911 the work in this department was considerably extended, and the authorities are looking to the establishment soon of a chair of sociology and applied Christianity. Upward of 400 have graduated and as many more have taken partial courses. The effort is to keep theological scholarship and practical training as well balanced as possible. Extensive grounds have been purchased in the northwestern part of the city for relocation of the seminary, the expansion of the institution requiring more room and greater facilities.

The general conference of the church elects the board of directors and a business manager, the present incumbent (1911) being Rev. J. E. Fout, D.D. J. P. LANDIS.

Presbyterian; b. at

VOS, GEERHARDUS: Heerenveen (32 m. s.w. of Groningen), Holland, Mar. 14, 1862. He was educated at the gymnasium at Amsterdam (1881), the theological school of the Holland Christian Reformed Church, Grand Rapids, Mich. (1881–83), Princeton Theological Seminary (1883-85), and the universities of Berlin (1885–86) and Strasburg (Ph.D., 1888). From 1888 to 1893 he was a professor in the theological seminary at Grand Rapids, and since that time has been professor of Biblical theology in Princeton Theological Seminary. He has written The Mosaic Origin of the Pentateuchal Codes (New York, 1886), Kämpfe und Streitigkeiten zwischen den Banu Ummajja und den Banu Hashim (1888), De verbondsleer in de gereformeerde theologie (1891), and Teaching of Jesus concerning the Kingdom of God and the Church (1903).

BENRATH

Nicholas V.

Ochino, Bernardino.

Oratory of the Divine Love

Ossat, Arnaud d'.

Pacca, Bartolommeo.

Paleario, Aonio.

Paul II.-V.

Pelayo, Alvar.

Pius II.-IX.

Platina, Bartolomeo.

Pole, Reginald.
Possevino, Antonio.
Renato, Camillo.

Renée of France.
Ricci, Scipione de'.

Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio.
Sadoleto, Jacopo.
Sixtus IV.-V.

Spiera, Francesco.
Stancari, Francesco.
Theatines.

Torquemada, Juan de.
Ultramontanism.

Urban VII.-VIII.

Valdes, Juan and Alfonso de.

Valla, Laurentius.

Vergerio, Pietro Paolo.

Vermigli, Pietro Martire.

Wessenberg, Ignaz Heinrich Karl

Precious Stones.

Sacred Music, A.

Stranger.

War, Hebrew.

Water Supply in Palestine.

Weights and Measures, Hebrew.
Wine, Hebrew.

BERGER, DANIEL, D.D.

United Brethren in Christ.

BERGER, SAMUEL (†), D.D.

Bible Versions, B., VI., XI., XIV.,
XVII.

Bibles, Historical.

BERNOULLI,

Th.Lic.

CARL ALBRECHT,

Borrhaus, Martin.

Heynlin von Stein, Johann.

Martin of Tours, Saint.

Nicæa, Councils of, I.

Gesenius, Justus.

Goeze, Johan Melchior.

Hardenberg, Albert Rizaeus.

Hirsche, Georg Karl.

Horb, Johann Heinrich.

Krantz, Albert.

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim.
Mayer, Johann Friedrich.
Meldenius, Rupertus.

Moller, Heinrich.

New Year's Celebration.
Ninck, Carl Wilhelm Theodor.
Nonnos of Panopolis.

Petersen, Johann Wilhelm.
Rambach.

Rautenberg, Johann Wilhelm.
Scheffler, Johann.

Schupp, Johann Balthasar.

Sieveking, Amalie Wilhelmine.

Timann, Johann.

Winckler, Johann.

Wolfenbuettel Fragments.

BESS, BERNHARD, Th.Lic.

Clémanges, Nicholas Poillevillain of.
Conrad of Gelnhausen.
Constance, Council of.

Falkenberg, Johannes.
Gerson, Jean Charlier de.

Henry of Langenstein.

John XXIII.

John the Little.
Martin V.

BEVAN, WILLIAM LLOYD, Ph.D.

Modernism.

BEYSCHLAG, WILLIBALD (†), Th.D.
Bund, Evangelischer.

Hundeshagen, Karl Bernhard.
Ullmann, Karl.

BINDER, RUDOLPH MICHAEL,
Ph.D.

Christian Socialism.
Utilitarianism.

BIRD, FREDERIC MAYER (†).
Wesley, Charles.

Wesley, Samuel, Jr.

BLISS, EDWIN MUNSELL, D.D.
Armenia, III., § 9.

Liberia.

Mexico.

Miscellaneous Religious Bodies.
Presbyterians, VIII., 10-11.

Reformed (Hungarian) Church in
America.

Siam and Laos.

United States of America, Religious
History of, VII.

BLISS, THEODORA CROSBY.

Hawaiian Islands.

Madagascar, Missions in.

Malay Archipelago.
Philippine Islands.

West Indies.

BLOESCH, EMIL (†), Th.D.

Chapter-Courts.

Fidelis, Saint.

Gelpke, Ernst Friedrich.
Haller, Albrecht von.

Haller, Berthold.

Pius I.

Ulfilas.

Victor I.-IV.

Waldenses, I.-V.
William of Newburgh.

BOENIG, HERMANN.

Minucius Felix, Marcus. BONET-MAURY, AMY GASTON CHARLES AUGUSTE, D.D., LL.D.

Baluze, Étienne.

Basnage.

Bayle, Pierre.

Beausobre, Isaac de.

Benoist, Élie.

Berquin, Louis de.

Bigne, Marguerin de la.
Blondel, David.
Bochart, Samuel.
Briçonnet, Guillaume.
Budé, Guillaume.
Cameron, John.
Chamier, Daniel.

Claude, Jean.
Coligny, Odet de.
Crespin, Jean.

Daillé, Jean.

Daneau, Lambert.

Du Moulin, Pierre.

Faber, Stapulensis, Jacobus.
Gallican Confession.
Jurieu, Pierre.
L'Hôpital, Michel de.
Margaret of Navarre.
Olivětan, Pierre Robert.
Oudin, Remi-Casimir.
Pavillon, Nicolas.
Roussel, Gérard.

BRIGGS, CHARLES AUGUSTUS,
D.D., Litt.D.
Arrowsmith, John.
Ball, John.
Burges, Cornelius.
Byfield, Adoniram.
Byfield, Nicholas.
Calamy, 1.
Cartwright, Thomas,
Gouge, William.
Herle, Charles.
Hoyle, Joshua.
Love, Christopher.
Marshall, Stephen.
Palmer, Herbert.
Perkins, William.

Tuckney, Anthony. Vines, Richard.

Fabri, Felix.

Frecht, Martin.

Greter, Kaspar.

Heerbrand, Jakob.
Irenaeus, Christoph.
Isenmann, Johann.
Keller, Andreas.
Lachmann, Johann.
Molther, Menrad.
Osiander, 2-8.
Otter, Jakob.
Ratz, Jakob.
Reiff, Leonhard.
Reihing, Jakob.
Sam, Konrad.
Sattler, Michael.
Schnepff, Erhard.
Strauss, Jakob.

Weiss, Adam.

Wibel, Johann Christian.
Zwick, Johannes.

BOSWORTH, EDWARD INCREASE,

D.D.

Theological Seminaries, III., 6.

BOUSSET, JOHANN FRANZ WIL

HELM, Th.D.

Apocalyptic Literature, Jewish.
Aristobulus.

Sibyl, Sibylline Books.

BOYNTON, PERCY HOLMES.
Chautauqua Institution.

BRACKMANN, ALBERT, Ph.D.
Liber Pontificalis.
Papal States.

ARTHUR VON, Th.D.

Hamburg.

Oldenburg.

BROOMHALL, MARSHALL, B.A.
Taylor, James Hudson.

BROWN, WILLIAM ADAMS, Ph.D.,
D.D.

Theological Seminaries, XI., a., 10. BROWNE, JOHN (†).

Puritans, Puritanism.

BUCHRUCKER, Carl von (†),
Th.D.

Adam, I., §§ 1-2.

Hope.

Aaron.

Amalek, Amalekites. Ammonites.

Poland, Christianity in, II. DARBY, WILLIAM JOHNSON, D.D. Presbyterians, VIII., 9.

DARGAN, EDWIN CHARLES, D.D., LL.D.

Homiletics, §§ 11-12.
Preaching, History of, IV.
DAVIES, THOMAS Witton, Ph.D.,
D.D.

Davies, Benjamin (in Appendix).
Graf, Karl Heinrich (in Appendix).
Kosters, Willem Hendrik.

Valeton, Jozua Jan Philippus.
Van Manen, Willem Christian.
DAVIS, JOHN D., Ph.D., D.D.,
LL.D.

Hexateuch, §§ 12–20.
Quirinius, Publius Sulpicius.
DECHENT, HERMANN, Ph.D.
Steitz, Georg Eduard.
DECKE, JULIUS.

Raebiger, Julius Ferdinand.
DEISSMANN, Gustav Adolf,

Th.D., D.D. Hellenistic Greek. Papyrus, Papyri.

DEXTER, MORTON, M.A.
Congregationalists.

Dexter, Henry Martyn.
Mather.

Puritans, Puritanism.

DIBELIUS, FRANZ WILHELM,

Ph.D., Th.D.

Ammon, Christoph Friedrich von.
Arnold, Gottfried.

Asseburg, Rosamunde Juliane von.
Betkius, Joachim.
Boehme, Jakob.
Buttlar, Eva von.
Fulco of Neuilly.

George, Duke of Saxony.
Gifftheil, Ludwig Friedrich.
Höe von Höenegg, Matthias.
Saxony.

Selnecker, Nikolaus.

Statistics, Ecclesiastical. DIBELIUS, FRIEDRICH CARL OTTO,

Ph.D., Th.Lic.

Reden, Frederica, Countess of.

DIESTEL, LUDWIG (†), Ph.D.
World, The.

DILTHEY, WILHELM, Ph.D.
Luetkemann, Joachim.
DINWIDDIE, WILLIAM, LL.D.
Theological Seminaries, XI., b., 4.
DISSELHOFF, DEODAT.

Disselhoff, Julius August Gottfried. DOBSCHUETZ, ERNST ADOLF ALFRED OSKAR ADALBERT, Th.D.

Euthalius.

Little Sisters of the Poor. Lourdes.

McCloskey, John.

Mercy, Sisters of.

Paul the Apostle, Congregation of Missionary Priests of Saint. Pilgrimages.

Roman Catholic Eucharistic Congresses.

Roman Catholic Parochial Schools. Roman Catholic Position on the Bible in Public Schools.

Roman Catholic Restriction of Bible
Reading by the Laity.
Secrecy of the Confessional.
Theology, Moral, Roman Catholic
View of.

Union of the Churches, IV.
DU BOIS, WILLIAM EDWARD

BURGHARDT, Ph.D.

Negro Education and Evangelization. DUCHEMIN, ADOLPHE.

Merle d'Aubigné, Jean Henri. DUCKWORTH, Henry Jay, D.D. Christian Union, The. DUESTERDIECK, FRIEDRICH HERMAN CHRISTIAN (†), Ph.D., Th.D.

Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. Duffield, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS WILLOUGHBY (†).

Veni, Creator Spiritus. DULLES, JOSEPH HEATLY, M.A. Theological Seminaries, XI., a., 8. DUNCKER, HEINRICH (†), Th.D.

Anhalt.

DUNN, SIMEON BILLINGHAM, D.D. Revivals of Religion, III., 5, §§ 2-4. DWIGHT, HENRY OTIS, LL.D.

Africa.

Armenia, III., § 8. Bible Societies, I.-II. United States, VIII.

Commodíanus.

DORN, LEONHARD ERNST.

Kneeling Controversy in Bavaria.
Redenbacher, Christian Wilhelm
Adolf.

DORNER, ISAAC AUGUST (†),Th.D.
Pelt, Anton Friedrich Ludwig.
DOUGLAS, WILLIE KIRKPATRICK.
Presbyterians, VIII., 5.

Dove, RICHARD WILHELM (†),
Ph.D.

Richter, Æmilius Ludwig.
Sacramentals.

DREWS, PAUL GOTTFRIED, Th.D.
Baptism, III.

Epiklesis or Invocation.

Eucharist.

General Confession.

Holy Week.

Litany.

Liturgics, III.

Mass, II., 1-6.

Matins.

Bibliander, Theodor.

Breitinger, Johann Jakob.
Bullinger, Heinrich.
Faber, Johannes, 2.

Felix and Regula.

Geiger, Franz Tiburtius.
Gualther, Rudolf.
Helvetic Consensus.

Hottinger, Johann Heinrich.
Hottinger, Johann Jakob.
Jud, Leo.

Kessler, Johann.
Klarer, Walter.
Marius.

Megander, Kaspar.
Myconius, Oswald.
Prophesying.

Sanson, Bernhardino.

Schmid, Konrad.

EHNI, JACQUES (†).

Fénelon, François de Salignac de la
Mothe.

Francis, Saint, of Sales.

EIBACH, RUDOLF, Th.D.

Milton, John.