and the employer of any further responsibility or obligation for the employment or training of the apprentice. (e) One-half of the time of the apprenticeship in the school shall be given to the practical work of bricklaying and one-half to technical and academic work. (f) There shall be given to these apprentices during the months of January and February the courses of study attached hereto and marked "Exhibit B." (Omitted here.) (g) At the close of the period of apprenticeship, the apprentice shall be given a diploma by the Dunwoody Institute for the work which he has satisfactorily completed at the school and in the trade. We hereby approve of the above understanding and agree to carry it out so far as I are concerned. Signed.. Name of Proprietor or Firm. Certain common features appear in these trade understandings for the boy whom the institute trains and places in the trade: 1. The selection of apprentices for training. Under the proposed plan all boys entering the classes must be more than 14 years old. Those taking the work in telephony, electrical work and printing must have completed the eighth grade before entering. Those fitting for the other trades must have completed the seventh grade. 2. A probation period of three months is to be required in each of the trades to test the pupil's interest in and fitness for the work before allowing him to continue the course. 3. A two-year period of training is to be provided, including the three months of probation, during which the boy gives one-half of each school day to actual shop work and one-half day to academic and technical instruction. 4. Provision is made for the transfer of apprentices from the school to the shop after the close of two years of instruction in the school. 5. Adjustment to the apprenticeship arrangements of the shop. The boy coming from the school is to have credit for at least two years of apprenticeship in the shop; he is to be paid at the beginning the same wage the apprentice coming up from the shop receives at the beginning of his third year; he is to be required to pass through the same total number of years of apprenticeship as the custom or the rules of the shop require. 6. Graduation from the apprentice school will come at the close of the first year of service in the shop, provided the apprentice-student is able to furnish proof of satisfactory service. This makes at least one year of service in a commercial shop outside the school a part of the necessary schooling of the student who expects a diploma. 7. Part-time instruction for the apprentice-student will be offered where the employer is willing to give him time off from his daily work to attend the school during his working hours. This may take place either while the apprentice is serving his first year as a wage-earner or subsequently. 8. An advisory committee of employers and employes from each of the trades to aid the school in standardizing its courses of study and method of teaching; this arrangement is to hold both for all the trades taught in the day school and for those taught in the part-time, dull season and evening schools. Similar arrangements for "the girls' and women's trades" have also been made as the result of the conferences held by the Survey. These included dressmaking, millinery, garment-making, salesmanship and junior nursing. By the latter is meant training of girls to be caretakers of young children. These arrangements are practically the same as those for boys and men, with two main exceptions. Inasmuch as no apprenticeship exists in any of these lines a beginning wage for those entering the trade after two years of instruction in the Girls' Vocational High School had to be set without reference to any precedent, since none existed. This was placed at "not less than $8 a week." Since this school is under the control of the Board of Education the advisory committees have been appointed by that board while such committees for the boys' trades have been appointed by the Dunwoody Institute. The four-year technical course for boys in the regular high schools, established as the result of the Survey, is also a plan of apprenticeship for obtaining training and placing boys who desire by beginning at the bottom to get advancement on the business and directive side of industry. This plan is fully described in chapter XVIII. on training for leadership in industry of the Report of the Minneapolis Survey for Vocational Education. After four years of training in the high schools, employers are to engage these graduates at a beginning salary of not less than $50 a month, and an advisory committee of employers and employes is to aid the school authorities to make effective the training given by the school. It should be said here that there is no expectation on the part of either the school authorities or the trades that this plan of apprenticeship training through the schools will furnish any more than a comparatively small proportion of the new workers employed in the various occupations of most of the trades and industries. They do believe that it will select and train in a better way than would otherwise be possible promising boys and girls who, because of their better preparation, will become the superior workers and leaders after they have added to their school training an experience as apprentice and journeyman in the trade. After the close of the survey the authorities of Dunwoody Institute took a second step in standardizing the training and placement of its boys as advanced apprentices in the trade. A blank form of apprenticeship contract was drawn up for each trade to be used by the school in placing its boys in the trade at the close of the two-year course at the school. This blank contract was submitted to the advisory committee for the trade of automobile repair and construction, carpentry and printing. After being adopted by the committee the contract was referred to organization of employers and employes in these trades for ratification. The blank contract form of apprenticeship has been approved by the auto trade and the printing trade and is now under consideration in the carpentry trade. These forms vary but little in their provisions. adopted by the printing trade is given here: A copy of the one PRINTING. AGREEMENT OF APPRENTICESHIP. (To be used in the case of apprentices coming from the Dunwoody Institute after two years of service in the institute to serve two years with the printing company.) of. and. known as "Guardian,' .hereinafter known as "Apprentice," .hereinafter whose relationship to the Apprentice is that of of. For the purpose of acquiring the Art or Trade of.. said. becomes an Apprentice to the Company and the Company hereby accepts him subject to the terms herein stated. The Apprentice and his guardian hereby promise that the Apprentice shall conform to and abide by all the provisions of this agreement and shall faithfully serve the Company during the full period of time named in this agreement. The Apprentice agrees during the period of his apprenticeship to do all in his power to learn said art or trade and to promote the interests of the Company. He also agrees to pursue classroom studies when they are required and arranged for by the Company and in that case to do a reasonable amount of honfe-study in preparation therefor. It is agreed by the Apprentice and his Guardian that the Company shall have the right at any time to discharge the Apprentice for inability for the work, disobedience of rules and regulations of the Company, or improper conduct in or out of working hours, and to rearrange his working time if the state of business should demand it. The Company agrees adequately to train and instruct the Apprentice in the principal operations of said art or trade, including.. This agreement shall cover a period of five (5) years, including the two (2) years in the William Hood Dunwoody Industrial Institute, which the Apprentice has already served. The remaining years shall consist of..... weeks. The Apprentice shall receive from the Company during the period of apprenticeship the following compensation, to-wit: not less than $2 per day for each working day he is employed during the first year in the shop of the Company; not less than $2.25 per day for each working day he is employed during the second year in the shop of the Company, and not less than $2.75 per day for each working day he is employed during the third year in the shop of the Company. Company. Apprentice. Per. Guardian. 1 The Recommendations of the Survey Committee. At the close of the work of the survey a general survey committee of persons experienced in industrial education working with a local survey committee of citizens of Minneapolis who represented employers, employes, business and social service as well as education, made after considering the foregoing report, the following recommendations as to what should be done covering apprenticeship in the city. The recommendations follow: It would appear from the foregoing study that the following things are true: 1. With the exception possibly of a very few trades, there is little or no apprenticeship of the old form of any consequence in Minneapolis. 2. At present, apprenticeship is so much on the decline in Minneapolis that few of the trades rely upon it as a means of training new workers. 3. The study seems to show from the testimony of the trades themselves (1) that the American boy no longer desires to be apprenticed to the trade under the old conditions; (2) that a growing number of employers no longer desire to be bothered with apprenticeship; (3) that in most instances the training of apprentices is largely a matter of chance experiences; (4) that the efforts which have been made to revive and systematize apprenticeship have not been successful; (5) that employers and employes find themselves unable to cope with the situation. 4. The causes of this decline of apprenticeship are largely inherent in the organization and spirit of American social and industrial life and, therefore, cannot be removed. 5. As a result, practically all the trades dealt with by the Survey recognized the inadequacy of apprenticeship as a means of training new workers for the trades. While they differed as to its type, all advocated some kind of training and education in schools as a necessary part of apprenticeship training for the future. These facts seem to warrant these conclusions: (1) It would appear from the foregoing study of apprenticeship that higher efficiency in training new workers must come through the schools, as a device of supplementing the shortcomings of apprenticeship. The trades seemed to hold out little hope for self-improvement in this respect. Nevertheless, in the opinion of the committee, a great deal could be accomplished by the trades themselves, which the school cannot accomplish, through the organizing and systematizing of the shop careers of apprentices. (2) The practically entire absence in the trade of any technical instruction relating to the trade makes the evening school absolutely necessary for giving this knowledge to promising, ambitious workers. (3) The dull season school seems to be the best device in the case of the building trade for giving the apprentice already in the trade not only the technical knowledge bearing upon it but the experience in processes which he cannot gain with the employer whose work may be highly specialized. In order that this plan may be successful, the employer should make it possible for the apprentice to attend such a free school during the dull season period. (4) In the case of trades and occupations other than the building trades, there is a great need of part-time and continuation classes which will claim a part of the working time of the apprentice or young worker for further instruction, according to his needs. The committee believes that the trade understandings which have been worked out between the industries on the one hand and the public schools and the Dunwoody Institute on the other, promise to provide the industries of the city with capable, well-equipped young persons, who will make their way up through apprenticeship to leadership in the industry. (1) Such features of these understandings specially worthy of note are: The three months' trial period in the school; (2) the two years' instruction in practical, technical and academic subjects; (3) the agreement of the employer to use the school as the first source of supply in engaging new workers; (4) the approval of the arrangements by the union in the trade; (5) the placement of the pupil in the occupation at a beginning wage equal at least to that of a third-year apprentice; (6) the withholding of the diploma of the school for one year until proof of satisfactory service as a wageearner; (7) an advisory committee for each line taught made up of employers and employes to assist the school in standardizing the work. There can be no doubt here, as elsewhere, that when closer co-operation has been established between the shop and the school, the part-time school will be a most important device for reaching and training young workers in the trades and industries. There is need of the immediate promotion of part-time schooling in Minneapolis, both in order that the schools may learn how to deal with the problem and in order that the industries may learn to rely upon the school for help in educating their young people. In this connection, the committee believes that the employer should pay full wage for attendance upon such part-time or continuation classes. PART IV. INSPECTIONS AND ORDERS ISSUED Splendid progress was made in the past two years by the Bureau of Factory Inspection and the Bureau of Women and Children in promoting the welfare of the workers in the factories, workshops and stores of the state. It was hoped that at least one visit could be made during the biennial period to every such establishment and a report obtained on the conditions surrounding the workers, but the task was too great. The time taken in inspecting machinery, the necessity of repeating some inspections two or more times to enforce orders, and the numerous complaints that required immediate attention absorbed so much time that some towns could not be visited. The Bureau of Factory Inspection made inspections of 8,027 establishments, occupying 9,853 buildings, located in 632 cities, towns and villages of the state. Two thousand four hundred and seventy-six of the establishments were inspected a second and 51 a third time during the two-year period. The blockings in the switches, frogs and guard rails of 924 railroad yards and terminal points were also inspected, and 396 of these yards were inspected a second and 41 a third time. The elevator inspector inspected 871 elevators outside of the three large cities and reinspected 137 elevators. This same inspector made 501 special inspections of scaffolding, ladders and other apparatus on building operations. The creamery inspectors of the Dairy and Food Department, acting for this department, inspected the machinery in 497 creameries, revisiting 105 a second time. The Bureau of Women and Children inspected 2,880 establishments, located in 108 cities and towns, where special attention was given to the needs of the women and children employed. Reinspections were made by them in 197 establishments. In addition to this 3,216 special investigations, of which the Bureau of Women and Children made 1,554, were made on complaints received or upon the initiative of the department. A summary of the inspections made and the nature thereof is as follows: BY BUREAU OF FACTORY INSPECTION. Factory inspections and re-inspections.. Barber shop inspections. Elevator inspections and re-inspections. Special factory investigations (on complaints) Special building inspections.. Special child labor investigations. Truancy investigations Private employment agency complaints.. Non-payment of wages.. Foundries Welfare investigations Manual training departments in schools. Boarding camps Miscellaneous Total 10,554 1,361 1,030 1,008 131 501 38 292 516 90 21 25 19223 35 11 15,615 BY BUREAU OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. Creameries and re-inspections (safety of machinery). 602 Grand total of inspections... 20,848 Employes. The nature of the establishments inspected by the Bureau of Factory Inspection is shown in table 1 of this report. As the figures are not complete for all the industries of the state, no analysis will be attempted, as they would only confuse and possibly lead to false conclusions. They are published to show the number whose welfare and safety was looked after and not as an industrial census. The groupings by cities and country district are shown in table 2. |