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hastening to make his peace, on the acces-
sion of Henry, he was one of the witnesses
to his reissue of the charter (11 Nov. 1216),
and was restored to his shrievalty and cas-
tellanship (Pat. 1 Hen. III, m. 10). He also
attested Henry's Third Charter,' 11 Feb.
1225. In May 1226 and in January 1227
he was appointed an itinerant justice, and
14 April 1236 he died (Ann. Tewk. 101), leav-
ing by his wife (a daughter of his guardian,
Roger de Mortimer), whom he had married
in 1212, and who died in 1225 (Ann. Wore.
400), a son and heir, William, who married
the eventual heiress of the earls of War-
wick, and was grandfather of Guy, earl of
Warwick [see BEAUCHAMP, GUY DE].
[Dugdale's Baronage, i. 226; Foss's Judges of
England, 1848, ii. 231.]

J. H. R.

BEAUCHAMP, SIR WALTER DE (A. 1415), lawyer and soldier, was the younger son of John de Beauchamp, of Powyke and Alcester, the grandfather of John, first Baron | Beauchamp of Powyke. At first he studied the law, but afterwards distinguished himself as a soldier under Henry IV and Henry V in the French wars. Upon his return from France after the battle of Agincourt, he was elected knight of the shire for Wiltshire, and on 16 March 1415-16 was chosen speaker of the House of Commons. This office, however, Sir Walter did not hold long, as parliament was dissolved in the same year. He was employed as counsel by his relative, Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, to argue his claim of precedency before the House of Commons. This quarrel between the Earl of Warwick and John Mowbray, earl marshal, which took up much of the time of the session of 1425, was terminated by the restoration of the forfeited dukedom of Norfolk to Mowbray. Sir Walter was married twice, first to Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir Peter de la Mere; and secondly to Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of Sir John Roche, knight. By this second marriage he had three children, one of whom, William, was, in 1449, summoned to parliament as fourth Baron St. Amand, in right of his wife, the great-granddaughter of Almeric, third Baron St. Amand. Another was Richard, bishop of Salisbury [see BEAUCHAMP, RICHARD DE, 1430?-14811.

[Manning's Lives of the Speakers, pp. 60-2; Burke's Extinct Peerage (1883), pp. 32 and 34.]

G. F. R. B.

BEAUCHAMP, WILLIAM DE (d. 1260), baronial leader and judge, succeeded his father, Simon de Beauchamp, lord of Bedford, in 1207-8. He took part in John's expedition to Poitou (1214), but joined the

VOL. IV.

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baronial host at Stamford, Easter 1215 (M. PARIS, 253-5), and entertained them at Bedford as they marched on London. He was among the baronial leaders excommunicated by name 16 Dec. 1215 (ib. 227), and his castle was seized the same month by John's general, Fulk de Bréaute, who was allowed to retain it. Belonging to the extreme party, he fought with them at Lincoln (19 May 1217), and was there taken prisoner by the royal forces (M. PARIS), but made his peace before the end of the year (Claus. 1 Hen. III, m. 4). On the capture and destruction of Bedford Castle in 1224 [see BRÉAUTE, FULK DE], the site was restored to him (Claus. 8 Hen. III, m. 7 dors.; cf. Royal Letters, 1085). He acted as sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire 1234-7, and on 6 July 1234 was appointed a baron of the exchequer, in which capacity he reappears in 1237. He seems to have attained an unusual age, dying, according to Foss, in 1262, but according to the 'Annals of Dunstable' (p. 215), which are probably right, in 1260. His younger son John fell at Evesham (T. WYKES), having succeeded his brother William shortly before.

[Dugdale's Baronage, i. 223; Foss's Judges of England, 1848, ii. 234.] J. H. R.

BEAUCLERK, LORD AMELIUS (1771– 1846), admiral, third son of Aubrey, fifth duke of St. Albans, was entered on the books of the Jackal cutter in 1782, and in 1783 was appointed to the Salisbury, bearing the flag of Vice-admiral John Campbell on the Newfoundland station. Afterwards he served in the West Indies under Commodore Gardner, and returned to England in 1789 as acting lieutenant of the Europa, in which rank, however, he was not confirmed till the Spanish armament of the following year. In 1792 he went to the Mediterranean as lieutenant of the Druid frigate, and on 16 Sept. 1793 was posted by Lord Hood and appointed to the command of the Nemesis of 28 guns. In March 1794 he was transferred to the Juno of 32 guns, and attached to the squadron employed, under Admiral Hotham, in the blockade of Toulon. The Juno was also in company with the fleet in the action of 14 March 1795, which resulted in the capof the squadron, under Commodore Taylor, ture of the Ca ira and Censeur, and was one which convoyed the homeward trade in the following autumn, and when the Censeur was recaptured by the French off Cape St. Vincent (7 Oct.) On his return to England Lord Amelius was appointed to the Dryad frigate, of 44 guns and 251 men, and on the coast of Ireland, on 13 June 1796, captured

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the Proserpine, of 42 guns and 348 men,
after a brilliant and well-managed action,
in which the Dryad lost only 2 killed and
7 wounded, whilst the loss of the Proser-
pine amounted to 30 killed and 45 wounded
(JAMES'S Naval History (ed. 1860), i. 304,
369). He captured also several of the enemy's
privateers, and in 1800 was appointed to the
Fortunée, 40 guns, employed in the Channel
and in attendance on the king at Weymouth.
During the next ten years he commanded
different ships-the Majestic, Saturn, and
Royal Oak, all 74's-in the Channel, and
in 1810 had charge of the debarkation of
Lord Chatham's army at Walcheren, and con-
tinued, during the operations on that coast,
as second in command under Sir Richard
Strachan. On 1 Aug. 1811 he became a
rear-admiral, but during that and the two
following years he continued in the North
Sea, stretching in 1813 as far as the North
Cape in command of a small squadron on
the look-out for the American Commodore
Rogers, who was reported to be in that lo-
cality. In the following year he commanded
in Basque Roads, and conducted the nego-
tiations for the local suspension of hostilities.
In August 1819 he was advanced to be a
vice-admiral, and from 1824 to 1827 com-
manded in chief at Lisbon and on the coast
of Portugal. He became a full admiral on
22 July 1830, and ended his active service
as commander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1836-9.
Croker, writing to Lord Hertford, describes
a ludicrous scene which took place on New
Year's eve 1833, at the Brighton Pavilion,
when the king (William IV) danced a
country dance with Lord Amelius as his
partner. I am told,' says Croker, by one
who saw it, that the sight of the king and
the old admiral going down the middle hand-
in-hand was the most royally extravagant
farce that ever was seen' (Croker Papers,
1884, ii. 200). Beauclerk was a fellow of
the Royal Society, was made K.C.B. on
2 Jan. 1815, G.C.H. on 29 March 1831,
G.C.B. on 4 Aug. 1835, and principal naval
aide-de-camp on 4 Aug. 1839. He died on
10 Dec. 1846. His portrait, bequeathed by
himself, is in the Painted Hall at Greenwich.
[Marshall's Royal Nav. Biog.11. (vol.i., part ii.),
484; O'Byrne's Diet. of Nav. Biog.; Gent. Mag.
Feb. 1847, p. 201.]

J. K. L.

BEAUCLERK, LORD AUBREY (17102-1741), captain in the royal navy, was the eighth son of Charles, first duke of St. Albans. After some previous service he was made post-captain on 1 April 1731, and appointed to the Ludlow Castle, which ship he commanded on the Leeward Islands sta

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tion for about eighteen months. Through the years 1734-5 he commanded the Garland in the Mediterranean, and in 1737-9 the Dolphin on the same station. He returned home in January 1739-40, and was almost immediately appointed to the Weymouth of 60 guns, from which, in the course of the summer, he was transferred to the Prince Frederick of 70 guns, one of the fleet which sailed for the West Indies with Sir Chaloner Ogle on 26 Oct. 1740. On the afternoon of one of the first days in January 1740-1, as the fleet was off the west end of Hispaniola, four large ships were sighted. The admiral signalled the Prince Frederick and five other ships of the line to chase. Towards dusk the strangers hoisted French colours, but did not shorten sail, and they were not overtaken till nearly ten o'clock. The Prince Frederick was the headmost ship, and Lord Aubrey hailed the ship he came up with, desiring her to heave to. As she neither did so nor answered his hail, he fired a shot across her bows; she replied with a broadside, and as the other ships came up a smart interchange of firing took place, after which they lay by till daylight. Their nationality was then apparent; they were really French ships. and the two squadrons parted with mutual apologies. The affair passed as a mistake, and probably was so on the part of the English. The fleet, under Sir Chaloner Ogle, arrived at Jamaica on 7 Jan. and joined Viceadmiral Vernon, under whose command it proceeded to Cartagena on the Spanish main. There, in the attack on the Boca Chica, Lord Aubrey was slain on 22 March 1740-1. A handsome monument to his memory was erected in Westminster Abbey, and a pension of 2007. per annum was conferred on his widow, which she enjoyed till her death on 30 Oct. 1755.

[Charnock's Biog. Nav. iv. 221; Beatson's Naval and Military Memoirs, i. 69; Official Letters, &c. in the Public Record Office.] J. K. L.

BEAUCLERK, CHARLES (16701726), first DUKE OF ST. ALBANS, son of Charles II by Nell Gwynn, was born at his mother's house in Lincoln's Inn Fields on 8 May 1670.

the king was with Nell Gwynn she called to the child, Come hither, you little bastard, and speak to your father.' 'Nay, Nelly,' said the king, do not give the child such a name.' Your majesty,' she answered, 'has given me no other name by which I may call him.' Upon this the king gave him the name of Beauclerk, and created him Earl of Burford (GRANGER, iii. 211; Ellis Correspondence, i. 209 n.) The story can scarcely

It is said that one day when

be accurately told, for the child was created Baron Heddington and Earl of Burford, both in Oxfordshire, before the end of 1670, the year of his birth. In 1684 he was created Duke of St. Albans, and on Easter day of that year accompanied his father and two other natural sons of the king, the Dukes of Northumberland and Richmond, when Charles II made his offering at the altar at Whitehall, the three boys entering before the king within the rails. He was at that time, Evelyn says, 'a very pretty boy' (Diary, ii. 195, 199). During the last illness of his mother it was said that he was about to go into Hungary, and return a good catholic, and that the fraternity' (the other natural sons of the late king) 'would be on the same foot or give way as to their advantageous stations' (Ellis Corresp. i. 264). On his mother's death on 14 Nov. 1687 he received a considerable estate (LUTTRELL, i. 420), and the next year fulfilled one part of the general expectation, for in 1688 he served in the imperial army against the Turks, and was present at the taking of Belgrade on 20 Aug. of that year. Meanwhile, the regiment of horse he commanded in England was placed under the command of Colonel Langston, who in November 1688 brought it to join the Prince of Orange. The duke took his place in the House of Lords on 9 Nov. 1691. On 17 May 1693 he left for Flanders, and served under William III in the campaign of Landen. A false report was brought to London that he had fallen in that battle. The duke was a gallant soldier, and was highly esteemed by the king, who gave him many tokens of his regard. On his return from Flanders William made him captain of the band of pensioners. He attempted to reform the corps, but on a complaint made by certain of the members the council decided that it was to be kept on the same footing as it had been under Lord Lovelace, the last captain (LUTTRELL, iv. 250, 260). In April 1694 the duke married Lady Diana Vere, daughter and sole heiress of Aubrey de Vere, twentieth and last Earl of Oxford. He served in Flanders as a volunteer in the July following. In August he received a pension of 2,000l. a year from the crown, half of which was paid out of the ecclesiastical first-fruits (LUTTRELL, iii. 358; BURNET's Works, vi. 300). The hereditary office of master falconer and the reversion of the office of register of the High Court of Chancery had been granted him by his father. The reversion came to him in 1697, and was worth 1,5007. a year. In the summer of that year he was again with the king in Flanders, On his return after the conclusion of the

peace of Ryswick, William gave him a sett of coach horses finely spotted like leopards.' In December he was sent to Paris to offer the king's congratulations on the marriage of the Duke of Burgundy with Mary Adelaide, daughter of Victor Amadeus II of Savoy. He had the good fortune the next year to escape from three highwaymen, who, on the night of 18 June, plundered between thirty and forty persons on Hounslow Heath, the Duke of Northumberland being among those attacked. These men 'attempted' the Duke of St. Albans, but he was too well attended' (LUTTRELL, iv. 394). In 1703 he received a further grant of 8007. a year voted by the parliament of Ireland. The duke voted for the condemnation of Dr. Sacheverell. On the triumph of the tory ministry in January 1712 he was dismissed from his office of captain of the pensioners; he was, however, reinstated by George I, and in 1718 was made a knight of the Garter. He died in 1726. His brother James had died at Paris in 1680. The Duchess of St. Albans, who was a celebrated beauty, died in 1742. The duke had eight sons by her. The eldest succeeded to his father's title; the third was created Lord Vere of Hanworth in 1750; the fifth, Sydney, a notorious fortune-hunter, was the father of Topham Beauclerk [q. v.]; the eighth son was Aubrey Beauclerk [q.v.].

[Luttrell's Brief Relation of State Affairs; Evelyn's Diary, ed. 1854; Ellis Correspondence, ed. Hon. G. A. Ellis; Granger's Biog. Hist. of England, iii. 211, 3rd edit.; Burnet's Own Time, Oxford ed.; Collins's Peerage of England, ed Brydges, i. 244; Walpole's Letters, i. 118, ed. Cunningham.] W. H.

BEAUCLERK, LADY DIANA (1734– 1808), amateur artist, was born 24 March 1734. She was the eldest daughter of Charles Spencer, second duke of Marlborough. Her sister, Lady Betty Spencer, was afterwards countess of Pembroke. Lady Diana, or, as she was more frequently called, Lady Di, was married in 1757 to Frederick St. John, second Viscount Bolingbroke, nephew and heir of the great Lord Bolingbroke. In 1768 she was divorced by act of parliament. Two days later she was married at St. George's to Topham Beauclerk [q. v.] Johnson, according to Boswell (Life of Johnson, ch. xxix.), spoke of her character with great asperity, although he knew her; but he admitted subsequently that she nursed her sick husband (Beauclerk) 'with very great assiduity' (Letter to Boswell, 21 Jan. 1775). Beauclerk died in 1780. His widow survived him for many years. In later life she resided at Spencer Grove, Twickenham, which she decorated with her own paintings.

Walpole speaks of her art with all the extravagant enthusiasm which he employs in praising his friends. She executed a series of seven large designs in sut-water her first attempt of the kind) for his ⚫ Mysterious Mother. To these he devoted a closet at Strawberry Hill, which he christened the Beauclerk Closet,' where they hung on Indian blue damask. Salvator Rosa and Guido could not surpass their expression and beauty, he says (Correspondence, ed. Cunningham, vi. 311, 452, vii. 265). In 1778 she made a drawing of Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire, which Bartolozzi engraved. He also engraved a set of illustrations which she prepared for the Hon. W. R. Spencer's translation of Bürger's Leonora, published by Bensley in 1796. In the following year the same publisher issued the Fables of John Dryden,' with engravings from the pencil of the Right Hon. Lady Diana Beauclerc,' engraved by Bartolozzi, and his pupil, W. N. Gardiner. Bartolozzi also reproduced some of her designs of children, cupids, &c. Reynolds painted her portrait in 1763, when she was Lady Bolingbroke. According to a note in Hardy's Life of Charlemont,' 1812, i. 345, Sir Joshua thought highly of her artistic abilities, and said that many of her ladyship's drawings might be studied as models.' Hume describes her as handsome and agreeable and ingenious, far beyond the ordinary rate' (Private Corr., 1820, 251–2), and Boswell on his own account (Life of Johnson, ch. xxix.) bears witness to her charming conversation.' Lady Beauclerk died in 1808, aged 74.

[Walpole's Letters, and Anecdotes of Painting; Boswell's Johnson; Tuer's Bartolozzi.] A. D.

BEAUCLERK, TOPHAM (1739-1780), a friend of Dr. Johnson, was the only son of Lord Sydney Beauclerk and a grandson of the first Duke of St. Albans. He was born in December 1739, and on the death of his father, 23 Nov. 1744, succeeded to the estates which Lord Sydney Beauclerk, a man notorious in his day for fortune-hunting, had inherited from Mr. Richard Topham, M.P. for Windsor. Topham Beauclerk matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford, 11 November 1757, but does not seem to have taken any degree. Whilst there he had the good fortune to make the acquaintance of Bennet Langton. Beauclerk's tastes were widespread, both in science and literature: his conversation was easy and vivacious, with that air of the world' which showed that he had seen much, and knew how to describe what he had seen. But his talents would have passed away without leaving any record behind them had

he not sought the acquaintance of Dr. Johnson, and been loved by him with signal devotion. From 1757 to 1780 his name and his good qualities are written in the pages of Boswell. He married, at St. George's, Hanover Square, 12 March 1768, Lady Diana Spencer, eldest daughter of the second Duke of Marlborough, two days after she had been divorced from Lord St. John and Bolingbroke, and she made an excellent wife to her new husband. Beauclerk died at Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, 11 March 1780, leaving issue one son and two daughters. His library of 30,000 volumes, housed, as Horace Walpole remarks, in a building ‘that reaches half-way to Highgate,' was sold by auction April-June 1781, and was especially rich in English plays and English history, travels and science. A catalogue (Biblio theca Beauclerkiana) is in the British Museum. Many of Beauclerk's letters are in the possession of Lord Charlemont.

[Brydzes's Collins's Peerage, i. 249; Gent. Mag. i. 155 (1780); Hardy's Lord Charlemont; Cornhill Mag. xxx. 281-96 (1875), by G. B. H. (HD).]

W. P. C.

BEAUFEU, BELLOFAGO, or BELLOFOCO, ROBERT DE (A. 1190), was a secular canon of Salisbury. Educated at Oxford he gained, at an early age, a reputation for learning, and became the friend of Giraldus Cambrensis, Walter Map, and other scholars. He is said to have written a work entitled Encomium Topographiæ, after hearing the 'Topographia Hiberniæ' of Giraldus read by the author at a festival at Oxford. A second work, Monita salubria.' is also attributed to him by Bale; and a poem in praise of ale, Versus de commendatione Cervisiae,' in a manuscript in the Cambridge University Library (Gg. vi. 42), bears his name.

[Bale, iii. 36; Works of Giraldus Cambr. (Rolls Series), vol. i. 1861, p. 72, vol. iii. 1863. p. 92; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. Anglo-Norman Period, 1846. p. 469.]

E. M. T.

BEAUFEU or BELLO FAGO, ROGER DE (A. 1305), judge, was probably of the same family as Nicholas de Beaufo of Beaufo's Manor, Norfolk, a contemporary of the judge. One Radulphus de Bello or Bella Fago (both genders are found, though the masculine predominates) is mentioned in Domesday Book as holding extensive estates in Norfolk, and the bishop of Thetford also there mentioned we know from other sources to have been William de Beaufo, called by Godwin inaccurately Galsagus, and by others still more corruptly Welson. It may be mentioned in

passing that many other varieties of the name are found, such as Belfagus, Beaufou, Beaufogh, Beaufour, Belflour, Beufo, Beufew, and, in the eighteenth century, Beaufoy. How the bishop of Thetford stood related to Radulphus de Bello Fago we do not certainly know. Of Ralph nothing more is known than has already been stated, while of William [q. v.] we know little more than the dates of his appointment to the see of Thetford and his death. That Roger de Beaufo was a lineal descendant of either Ralph or William de Bello Fago cannot be affirmed, nor can his relation to his contemporary Nicholas de Beaufo, of Beaufo's manor, be precisely determined, and we cannot connect him with Norfolk, all the estates which he is known to have possessed being situate in Berkshire and Oxfordshire; but the singularity of the name renders it highly probable that he was derived from the same original stock as the Norfolk, family.

The earliest mention of him occurs in the roll of parliament for 1305, when he was assigned with William de Mortimer and others as receiver of petitions from Ireland and Guernsey, with power to answer all such as might not require the attention of the king. In the same year he received, with the same William de Mortimer, a special commission to try an action of novel disseisin '-i.e. ejectment-brought by one John Pecche against the abbot of Westminster for the recovery of a messuage and one carucate of land in Warwickshire. From the writ it appears that the ordinary justices itinerant for that county were in arrear with their business, and it would seem that Mortimer and Beaufo were appointed 'justices of assize for that occasion only. In the same year and that following he travelled the large western circuit of that day, which stretched from Cornwall to Southampton in one direction, and Staffordshire and Shropshire in another, as one of the first commission of trailbaston issued for those counties. The popular odium which he excited, and of which the memory is preserved by a line, Spigurnel e Belflour sunt gens de cruelté, in a ballad of the time celebrating the doings of the commission, proves him to have displayed exceptional vigour in the performance of his duty. In a writ of uncertain date he is joined with William de Bereford and two other judges in a commission to inquire into the obstruction of the Thames between London and Oxford by weirs, locks, and mills, which was considered so serious a grievance by the merchants who were in the habit of travelling or sending goods by water between the two towns, that they had petitioned the king for its redress.

We find him summoned with the other judges to parliament at Northampton by Edward II in 1307, and to attend the coronation of that monarch in 1308. He was not summoned to parliament after that year. He is classed as a tenant of land or rents to the value of 201. or upwards in Berkshire and Oxfordshire in a writ of summons to muster at London for service overseas issued in 1297; in 1301 he was included in the list of those summoned to attend the king at Berwick-on-Tweed with horses and arms for the invasion of Scotland, as one of the contingents to be furnished by the counties of Bedford and Buckingham. From a grant enrolled in the King s Bench we know that he possessed land at Great Multon, in Oxfordshire, and from the record of an assize of novel disseisin preserved in the rolls of the same court it appears that his daughter Isabella acquired by marriage a title to an estate in Little Bereford in the same county, which a subsequent divorce and remarriage was held not to divest. Later on, one Humfrey Beaufo of Bereford St. John, Oxfordshire, is mentioned by Dugdale as having married a lady named Joan Hugford, whereby the manors of Edmondscote or Emscote in Warwickshire, and Whilton in Northamptonshire, passed into his family in the reign of Henry VII. From him descended the Beau fos or Beaufoys of Edmondscote and Whilton. The manor of Whilton was sold in 1619 by the then lord, Henry Beaufo, mentioned by Dugdale as lord of the manor of Edmondscote in 1640. His daughter, Martha Beaufoy, married Sir Samuel Garth, the author of the 'Dispensary,' and their daughter Martha, who inherited the estates, married, in 1711, William Boyle, grandson of Roger, the first earl of Orrery.

[Godwin, De Præsul. 426, 731; Dugdale's Monasticon, iii. 216; Blomefield's Norfolk, i. 200, 404, ii. 465; Rot. Parl. i. 168 b, 218 b, 475b; Rymer (ed. Clarke), i 970; Wright's Political Songs (Camden Society), 233; Parl Writs, i. 155, 291, 353, 408, ii. div. ii. pt. i. 3, 17, 18, 21, 23; Plac. Abbrev. 214, 299; Dugdale's Ant. Warwickshire, 189; Baker's Hist. Northamptonshire, i. 232 Coll. Top. et Gen. viii. 361; Foss's Judges of Domesday Book, fols. 190 b-201 b, 225 b-229 b England.]

J. M. R.

BEAUFEU, WILLIAM, otherwise DE BELLAFAGO, BELLOFAGO, BELFOU GALSAGUS, VELSON (d. 1091), bishop of Thetford, was, apparently, a son of Robert Sire de Belfou, who fought on the Conqueror's side at Senlac, and whose lordship was situated in the neighbourhood of Pont-l'Evêque. His brother Ralph received several lordships in Norfolk from the Conqueror, and was a personage of great importance in East

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