often used to launch out into the praises of matrimony.'

English merchant ships on which the Prince of Orange had laid an embargo in the Scheldt in retaliation for acts of piracy committed by According to Beale's account he was very English privateers upon Dutch shipping. ill provided with funds for this journey, while The ships were set free at once, but a pecu- his royal mistress, of course, complained of niary indemnity for the detention, which his extravagance. In a letter to the lord Beale was instructed to claim, was the subject treasurer vindicating himself from the charge of much dispute, and apparently was never he says: And I protest upon my allegiance conceded. In June 1576 Augustus, elector of that the gifts I gave at the Duke of BrunSaxony, had summoned to Torgau a conven- swick's in ready money and money's worth tion of Saxon divines for the purpose of set- for her majesty's honour, being her gossips, tling certain disputed questions of theology, in and having had nothing to my knowledge particular, whether omnipresence was or was sent unto them (and in other places), came to not an attribute of the physical body of Jesus. better than 1007. And whoso knoweth the The result of their labours was seen in the fashions and cravings of these princes' courts 'Book of Torgau,' which, after revision at Ber- may well see that, having been at so many gen in the following year by James Andrea, or places, I could not escape with less. My Andreas, chancellor and provost of the univer- charges came in this voyage to 9327. one way sity of Tübingen, and certain other eminent or another. Before my going over I sold a theologians, was issued under the title, 'For- chain which I had of the Queen of Scots for mula of Concord,' as the only authoritative ex- 651. The fact that Beale received a token of position of the orthodox creed of Saxony. This esteem from Mary Stuart is interesting in work not only explicitly affirmed the ubiquity connection with his subsequent relations with of the body of Jesus to be an integral part of that unfortunate lady. During Walsingham's the creed, but declared all such as denied absence in the Netherlands in the summer of that doctrine (Cryptocalvinists, as they were 1578 Beale acted as secretary of state, as also called) to be heretics. At this juncture in 1581 and 1583, on occasion of Walsingham's Elizabeth saw fit to despatch Beale on a kind missions to France and Scotland in those of circular tour to visit the courts of the years. In the autumn of 1580 he took part Lutheran princes of Germany, and put in a in the examination of Richard Stanihurst, plea for toleration in favour of the Crypto- the jesuit, touching the conveying of the calvinists. We learn from one of his papers late Lord Garret [Gerald Fitzgerald, Lord that, for the purposes of this mission, he Offaley] into Spain at the instigation of made a long and winter journey, making a Thomas Fleming, a priest,' and in 1581 circuit to and fro of 1400 English miles at was one of the commissioners who took the the least, repairing personally to nine princes, depositions of Edmund Campion before his and sending her majesty's letters to three trial. It is significant, however, that the others.' Elsewhere he says that 'he obtained commission under which he acted extended that which he was sent for, i.e. that the Elector | only to threatening with torture. When it of Saxony and Palatine would surcease from was determined to have actual recourse to proceeding to a condemnation of other re- that method of persuasion, Beale's name was formed churches that did not agree with the omitted (doubtless at his own request) from ubiquitaries. Languet, in a letter to Sidney, the commission. This year Walsingham, being dated Frankfort, 8 Jan. 1577-8, is able to write: appointed governor of the Mines Royal, made 'Master Beale has met with no small difficul- Beale his deputy. According to the latter's ties in going through his appointed task, but own account he did his duty in this post for by his prudence and dexterity he has so sur-fifteen years, keeping the accounts with regumounted them that I hope our churches are saved from the perils which threatened them from the movements of Jacobus Andreas and some other theologians.' In the same letter Languet praises Beale's 'agreeable conversation,' and 'his character, genius, and manifold experience.' Beale was at that time returning to England, and Languet's letter, with which he was entrusted, was to serve as an introduction to Sidney. Writing of marriage, Languet observes: Take the advice of Master Beale on the matter. He believes that a man cannot live well and happily in celibacy. In another letter he writes that Beale

larity, without receiving any remuneration.
Between 1581 and 1584 he was employed in
negotiating with the Queen of Scots at Shef-
field. Camden suggests that he was chosen
for this business on account of his notorious
bias in favour of puritanism, designating him
'hominem vehementem et austere acerbum,”
'quo non alter Scotorum Reginæ præ reli-
gionis studio iniquior.' However this may
have been, it is certain that he soon came to
be suspected of secret partiality to the cause
of Mary, and of something like treachery
to the council. Of these negotiations he
gives the following account: 'Six several

times or more I was sent to the late Queen of Scots. At the first access my commission was to deal with her alone. Afterwards I did, for sundry respects, desire that I might not deal without the privity of the Earl of Shrewsbury, being a nobleman and a councillor. She was with much difficulty brought to make larger offers unto her majesty than she had before done to any others whose negotiations I had seen. I was then suspected to have been, as some term it, won to a new mistress. Whereupon the charge was committed to the said earl and Sir Walter Mildmay, and I was only appointed to attend upon them to charge her by word of mouth with certain articles gathered out of the earl's and my letters. She avowed all that we had reported, and, I thank the Lord, I acquitted myself to be an honest man.'

Beale was hardly fit to treat with a person of such dexterity and resource as Mary Stuart. She seems to have contrived to delude him with the idea that she had really given up ambition, and was desirous only to live a retired life for the rest of her days. This appears from the tone of a letter to Walsingham, written in the spring of 1583. A year later he appears to have formed a juster estimate of the character of the queen. With all the cunning that we have,' he then wrote to Walsingham, we cannot bring this lady to make any absolute promise for the performance of her offers, unless she may be assured of the accomplishment of the treaty. Since the last break off she is more circumspect how she entangle herself.'

cannot fix the precise date of either of these books, but we may infer that the second was a recent publication in 1584 from the fact that Whitgift then thought it necessary to take cognisance of its existence by drawing up and laying before the council a schedule of misdemeanours' alleged to have been committed by its author, of which the contents of these two works furnished the principal heads. What precisely he meant to do with this formidable indictment (the articles were fourteen in number) remains obscure. Probably he wished to procure Beale's dismissal from the post of clerk of the council. If so, however, he was disappointed, as apparently no notice whatever was taken of it. In the spring of the same year Beale had shown the archbishop the manuscript of another work which he had nearly completed, dealing with another branch of the same subject, viz. the proper prerogative of the bishops, which the archbishop refused to return when Beale (5 May) presented himself at Lambeth to receive it. On this occasion a great deal of temper appears to have been lost on both sides, Beale predicting that the archbishop would be the overthrow of the church and a cause of tumult, and Whitgift accusing Beale of levity and irreverence, speaking in very disparaging terms of his work, and saying that neither his divinity nor his law was great.' Beale addressed a lengthy epistle to the archbishop (7 May), in which he avers that by the space of twentysix years and upwards he has been a student of the civil laws, and long sith could have taken a degree if he had thought (as some do) that the substance of learning consisteth more in form and title than matter, and that in divinitie he has read as much as any chaplain his lordship hath, and when his book shall be finished and answered let others judge thereof.'

Next year (1585) Beale was returned to parliament for Dorchester, which place he also represented in the two succeeding parliaments (1586 and 1588). In November 1586 he was despatched with Lord Buckhurst to Fotheringay, to notify the Queen of Scots of the fact that sentence of death had been In the summer he served under Leicester passed upon her. Early in the following year in the Netherlands during the ill-fated atBeale carried the warrant to Fotheringay and tempt to relieve Sluys, in what precise capaperformed the ghastly duty of reading it city does not appear, but we infer that he was aloud in the hall of the castle by way of preli- employed in connection with the transport minary to the execution, of which he was an department. In 1589 he was employed in eye-witness, and wrote an account. Though negotiation with the States, and next year a zealous puritan, Beale seems to have had a we find him engaged with Burghley and dispassionate and liberal mind. During the Buckhurst in adjusting the accounts of Perepersecution of the Jesuits which marked the grine Bertie, Lord Willoughby, commander in latter years of Elizabeth's reign, he fearlessly the Netherlands. In 1592 the attitude which and ably maintained the principle of tolera- Beale assumed in a debate upon supply, tion, both in parliament and as a writer. coupled with an animated speech which he Thus, we know that he published a work made about the same time against the inimpugning the right of the crown to fine or quisitorial practices of his old enemies the imprison for ecclesiastical offences, and con- bishops, gave so much offence to the queen demning the use of torture to induce confes- that he was commanded to absent himself both sion, and followed it up at a later date with from court and from parliament. In 1592 a second treatise upon the same subject. We, he addressed a lengthy letter to the lord

treasurer, vindicating his opinions on church government with great learning and considerable apparent ability. The same year he was returned to parliament for Lostwithiel, in Cornwall. In 1595 the Earl of Essex appears to have tried to deprive Beale of his office of clerk to the council in favour of one of his own creatures. Accordingly, we find Beale writing (24 April 1595) a letter to the lord treasurer, in which he sets forth his claims to consideration at great length and with no little emphasis. It appears from this document that he had held this office for twentythree years, that he enjoyed it with the fee of 501. yearly under the great seal of England, and that he was then suffering from several grievous maladies, amongst them gout and stone. Beale also at this time held another post, that of clerk to the council in the northern parts, and resided at York at least for some part of the year. The emoluments of the office at York amounted, according to Beale's own reckoning, to 4007. yearly, though nominally he had there but 337. by instructions only alterable without other warrant or assurance.' Beale concluded his letter by begging that on the score of his growing infirmities he might be allowed a deputy to do the business of the office at York during his absence. His request was granted, one John Ferne being appointed in the following August. In 1597 he was joined with Sir Julius Cæsar in a commission to examine into complaints by the inhabitants of Guernsey against Sir Thomas Leighton, the governor of that island. In 1599 he was placed on a special commission to hear and adjudge the grievances of certain Danish subjects who complained of piratical acts committed by English subjects. In 1600 he was appointed one of the envoys to treat for peace with the King of Spain at Boulogne. The negotiation fell through, the representatives not being able to agree upon the important question of precedency. Next year Beale died at his house at Barnes, Surrey, at eight o'clock in the evening of 25 May. He was buried in Allhallows Church, London Wall. He appears to have left no son, but we know of two daughters, of whom one, Margaret, married Sir Henry Yelverton, justice of the common pleas in the time of Charles I, who thus became possessed of Beale's books and papers, which were long preserved by his descendants in the library of the family seat at Easton-Maudit, Northamptonshire. The library was sold in 1784. The manuscripts are now in the British Museum. The other daughter, Catherine, married Nathaniel Stephens, of Easington, Gloucestershire.

Society of Antiquaries, and is mentioned by Milles in the epistle dedicatory to his 'Catalogue of Honour' by the designation of 'worthy Robert Beale, that grave clerk of the council,' as one of the learned friends' from whom he had received assistance. He seems also to have taken an interest in geographical discovery; for in Dr. Dee's 'Diary,' under date 24 Jan. 1582, we read: 'I, Mr. Awdrian Gilbert, and John Davis, went by appointment to Mr. Secretary Beale his house, where only we four were secret, and we made Mr. Secretary privy of the north-west passage, and all charts and rutters were agreed upon in general.' Such of Beale's letters as have been printed are dated vaguely at his poor house in London.' He certainly had another house at Priors Marston, in Warwickshire, as he is described as of that place in the inscriptions on the tombstone of his wife and daughter Catherine.

Throughout life Beale was a close student and ardent collector of books. He is the author of the following works: 1. 'Argument touching the Validity of the Marriage of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, with Mary, Queen-dowager of France (sister to King Henry VIII), and the Legitimacy of the Lady Frances, their daughter." In Latin, MS. Univ. Libr., Cambr. Dd. 3, 85, art. 18. 2. 'A Large Discourse concerning the Marriage between the Earl of Hertford and the Lady Catherine Grey.' In Latin, MS. Univ. Libr. Cambr. Ii. 5, 3, art. 4. This work contains also the opinions of the foreign jurists consulted by Beale upon the case. 3. Discourse after the Massacre in France,' 15 pp. MS. Cotton, Tit. F. iii. 299. 4. Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores aliquot ex Bibliotheca clarissimi viri Domini Roberti Beli Angli.' Frankfort, 3 vols. folio, 1579. Contents: Vol. i., M. Aretius, Jo. Gerundensis, Roderici Toletani, Roderici Santi, Joannis Vasai; vol. ii., Alfonsia Carthagena, Michaelis Ritii, Francisci Farapha, Lucii Marinei Siculi, Laurentii Valle, Elii Antonii Nebrissensis, Damiani a Goes; vol. iii., Al. Gomecius De Rebus Gestis Fr. Ximenis Cardinalis. 5. A Book against Oaths ministered in the Courts of Ecclesiastical Commission from her Majesty, and in other Courts Ecclesiastical.' Printed abroad and brought to England in a Scotch ship about 1583. Strype's 'Whitgift,' vol. i. bk. iii. c. xii. pp. 211-12. 6. A Book respecting Ceremonies, the Habits, the Book of Common Prayer, and the Power of Ecclesiastical Courts,' 1584. Strype's 'Whitgift,' vol. i. bk. iii. c. v. pp. 143-5, 212, vol. iii. bk. iii. nos. v. vi. 7. The Order and Manner of the Execution

Beale was a member of the Elizabethan of Mary Queen of Scots, Feb. 8, 1587.

islands' (MS. Addit. 5808, f. 152).
length, after a confinement of three years,
Beale was released by exchange, and joined the
king at Oxford. There he was incorporated
D.D. in 1645, and in the following year he
was nominated dean of Ely, though he was
never admitted to the dignity. He was one
of the divines selected by the king to accom-
pany him to Holdenby (1646). Ultimately BEALE, WILLIAM (1784–1854), musi-
he went into exile and accompanied the em- cian, was born at Landrake, in Cornwall,1 Jan.
bassy of Lord Cottington and Sir Edward 1784. He was a chorister at Westminster
Hyde to Spain. His death occurred at Madrid Abbey under Dr. Arnold until his voice broke,
on 1 Oct. 1651. The antiquary Baker gives when he served as a midshipman on board the
this curious account of his last illness and Révolutionnaire, a 44-gun frigate which had
clandestine interment: 'The doctor, not long been taken from the French. During this
after his coming to Madrid, was taken ill, and period he was nearly drowned by falling
being apprehensive of danger and that he overboard in Cork harbour. On his voice
had not long to live, desired Sir Edward settling into a pure baritone he left the sea,
Hide and some others of the family to re- and devoted himself to the musical profession.
ceive the holy sacrament with him, which he He became a member of the Royal Society
in perfect good understanding, though weak of Musicians on 1 Dec. 1811. On 12 Jan.
in body, being supported in his bed, conse- 1813 he won the prize cup of the Madrigal
crated and administered to himself and to Society for his beautiful madrigal, Awake,
the few other communicants, and died some sweet Muse,' and on 30 Jan. 1816 he ob-
few hours after he had performed that last tained an appointment as one of the gentle-
office. He was very solicitous in his last men of the Chapel Royal, in the place of
sickness lest his body should fall into the Robert Hudson, deceased. At this period he
hands of the inquisitors, for the prevention was living at 13 North Street, Westminster.
whereof this expedient was made use of, that On 1 Nov. 1820 Beale signed articles of ap-
the doctor dying in a ground chamber, the pointment as organist to Trinity College,
boards were taken up, and a grave being dug, Cambridge, and on 13 Dec. following he re-
the body, covered with a shroud, was de- signed his place at the Chapel Royal. In
posited therein very deep, and four or five December 1821 he threw up his appointment
bushels of quicklime thrown upon it in order at Cambridge, and returned to London,
to consume it the sooner. Everything in where, through the good offices of Dr. Att-
the room was restored to the same order it wood, he became successively organist of
was in before, and the whole affair, being Wandsworth parish church and St. John's,
committed only to a few trusty persons, was Clapham Rise. He continued occasionally
kept so secret as to escape the knowledge or to sing in public until a late period of his
suspicion of the Spaniards, and may so re- life, and in 1840 he won a prize at the
main undiscovered till the resurrection.'
Adelphi Glee Club for his glee for four voices,
Harmony.' He died at Paradise Row,
Stockwell, 3 May 1854. Beale was twice
married: (1) to Miss Charlotte Elkins, a
daughter of the groom of the stole to
George IV, and (2) to Miss Georgiana
Grove, of Clapham. His voice was a light
baritone, and he is said to have imitated
Bartleman in his vocalisation. He was an
extremely finished singer, though somewhat
wanting in power. His compositions, which
principally consist of glees and madrigals,
though few in number, are of a very high
degree of excellence, and often rival, in their
purity of melody and form, the best composi-
tions of the Elizabethan madrigalists.

Atham's Hist. of Ely, 231, 232; Bridges's North-
amptonshire, i. 313; Cooper's Memorials of
Cambridge, ii. 88; Cooper's Annals of Cam-
bridge, iii. 328; Prynne's Tryal of Abp. Laud,
73, 167, 177, 193, 357, 359, 360; Parr's Life of
Abp. Usher, 471; Life of Dean Barwick, 22, 32,
41, 444; Baker's Northamptonshire, ii. 205.]
T. Č.

Beale greatly embellished the chapel of St. John's College, and left manuscripts and other books to the library. His portrait is in the master's lodge. Sir Edward Hyde, afterwards Lord Clarendon, in one of his manuscript papers styles Dr. Beale his worthy and learned chaplain, commemorates the blessings he had enjoyed from him, and bemoans his loss; while Baker, the historian of St. John's, declares him to have been one of the best governors the university or college ever had. Contributions of his are found in almost all the collections of poems published on state occasions by the university of Cambridge during his time.

[Addit. MSS. 5808 ff. 151, 152, 5858 f. 194, 5863 f. 91; Baker's Hist. of St. John's Coll. Camb., ed. Mayor; Cambridge Antiquarian Communications, ii. 157; Alumni Westmon. 73, 74; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Anglic., ed. Hardy; Bent

[Cheque Book of the Chapel Royal; Records of the Royal Society of Musicians; London Magazine for 1822, p. 474; Records of Trinity College, Cambridge; information from Mr. W. Beale.] W. B. S.