169. Theory of Mr. Jefferson, in his letter to Mr. Gerry.

170. Practice of Mr. Jefferson-Case of Col. Allen McLane.

171. Gross contrast between the practice and theory of the Jackson ad.

ministration.

CHAPTER VII.

VIEW OF THE PRESIDENTIAL POWER RELATIVE TO APPOINT-
MENT TO AND REMOVAL FROM OFFICE.

172. Division of political powers in free governments.

173. How made in American Constitutions generally.

174. Counter checks in the Constitution of the United States

175. Every department derives its powers from the Constitution.

176. The Governments of the United States, are limited Governments.

177. Singular dread of legislative encroachment. Slender provision against

the Executive.

178. Confidence of the first Congress in Presidential discretion.

179. Analogy between the Executive power in England and America. In-

road on the legislative power in the former.

180. Federal Convention did not overlook the danger from Executive

power.

181. Provision against abuse of Treasury influence.

182. Precautions against Executive power, hitherto, vain.

183. Appointing power wisely lodged, with the President: but, it is desira-

ble that the power to remove should not be so vested.

184. Remedy for evils arising under the express provision, and under the

construction, of the Constitution.

185. Various opinions relative to the power to remove from office.

186. Reasons for supposing it vested in the President alone.

187. Reply to these reasons.

188. Reasons for supposing the power in the President and Senate.

189. Reasons against such supposition.

190. Reasons for supposing the power subject to legislation.

191. Arguments against it.

192. No experience upon this question when first decided in Congress.

193. Appointing and removing power in Pennsylvania.

194. Reasons for the decision of the question.

195. Prophetic views of the opponents of the power.

196. Limited views of the power by its friends.

197. Extraordinary nature of the decision on this subject.

198. The evils of this power to be remedied by the people.

CHAPTER VIII.

CONGRESSIONAL MESSAGE OF 1829.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE

POLICY OF THE JACKSON ADMINISTRATION.

199. Settled state of the foreign policy of the United States.

200. Unsettled condition of our domestic polity.

201. President's message, 1829.-New propositions.

202. Change of the constitutional mode of electing President.

203. Rotation in office.

204. Protection of domestic manufactures.

205. Internal Improvement prostrated.

206. Veto of the President, on the Maysville road bill.

207. Power acquired to the President thereby.

208. Oblation to southern policy.

209. Inconsistent use of the veto.

210. Character of the Maysville message by Mr. Clay,

211. Further development of the views of the administration on the Amer-

ican System.

212. Narrow rule of expediency adopted by the administration.

213. True rule for determining the nationality of a subject of internal im-

provement.

214. Other causes assigned by the President for his veto.

215. Results of the President's policy.

216. President's power in legislation considered.

217. Character of the veto,

218. Views of the veto power in the Convention.

219. Abuse of the veto power by President Jackson.

220. True objects of the veto power.

221. Exercise of this power by the several Presidents of the United States.

222. Effect of the power when Congress is unbiassed by the President.

223. Policy of the nation relative to Indian tribes.

224. Prospects of the Cherokees and other southern Indians.

225. Their relations with the State of Georgia.

226. Relations with the United States.-Rights of the latter.

227. General principles in relation to the intercourse between the Indians

and the whites,

228. Concurrence of Georgia in these principles.

229. Relations by compact between United States and Cherokees.

230. United States to extinguish the Indian title in Georgia.

231. Cherokees demonstrate a determination to retain their lands. Geor-

gia seizes and divides them. Cherokees appeal to the United States.

232. The Jackson administration refuse to interfere.

233. Treaties and laws relating to the Indians disregarded.

234. The case admitted to be one of great difficulty.

235. Measures of the administration in relation to it.

236. How viewed by the Indians.

237. The Cherokees will not quit their homes.

238. President, prematurely, broaches the re-charter of the Bank of the

United States.

239. True cause of the untimely suggestion. Government Bank proposed.

240. Nature of a Government Bank.

241. Would have boundless and baleful patronage.

242. Views of this Bank by Committee of Ways and Means.

243. Committee qualify their reproof in tenderness to the President.

244. True light in which the report exhibits the President.

245. Sense of the nation against the views of the administration.

246. House of Representatives not yet, overcome by executive influence.

247. Its intractableness ascribed to President making.

CHAPTER IX.

HOW TO DISPOSE OF A RIVAL.

248. Mr. Calhoun's views in supporting General Jackson.

249. Magical opposition to his wishes.

250. Dependence of presidential aspirants upon General Jackson.

251. Search after means to make a quarrel between the President and

Vice President.

252. Success of the search.

253. Mr. Calhoun made auxiliary to his own injury.

254. Preparation of the explosion.

255. The development of presidential hostility.

256. The exposè. Proclamation of his innocence by Mr. Van Buren.

257. What should be the judgment upon the evidence?

258. True view of Mr. Calhoun's conduct in the Seminole business.

260. Consequences of the quarrel.

CHAPTER X.

A UNIT FRACTURED BY MAGIC.

261. The Jackson administration begotten in the likeness of its father

262. The Cabinet.

263. Its centrifugal force.

264. Mr. Van Buren's resignation. His reasons.

265. Mr. Eaton's resignation, and his reasons.

266. Expulsion of Messrs. Ingham, Branch and Berrien.

267. True reasons for the dissolution of the Cabinet.

268. Private griefs and female influence.

269. The President seeks to extend his influence into the Washington

saloons.

270. Uses of adversity-to discarded statesmen,

271. Reason for retaining Mr. Barry.

272. New Cabinet.

CHAPTER XI.

ABASEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

273. Mr. Van Buren stoops to conquer.

274. He announces himself as a candidate for the Presidency.

275. Is nominated Minister to the Court of St. James.

276. Ordeal of the Senate. Charges of anti-civism.

277. Foreign commercial policy of the United States.

278. Commercial policy of Great Britain, European and colonial.

279. Contest between America and Great Britain for the colonial carrying

trade.

280. West India trade under Mr. Adams' administration.

281. State of the trade with the West Indies.

282. Use made of this question in the presidential canvass.

283. Instructions of Mr. Van Buren. The attainment of the trade a party

measure.

284. Unpatriotic character of the instructions.

285. Previous and contradictory views of Mr. Van Buren.

286. Act of Congress, 1830, relative to the colonial trade.

287. That act annulled by the negotiation.

288. Nature of arrangement with Great Britain.

289. Consequences of the arrangement.

290. Avowal of the British.

291. Mr. Van Buren's disposition to dispense with the laws.

292. Humiliation of the country.

293. American produce transported through Canada.

294. Comments on Mr Van Buren's negotiation.

295. Rejection of Mr. Van Buren. Causes assigned.

296. The President assumes Mr. Van Buren's sins.

CHAPTER XII.

VIEWS OF THE PROTECTIVE SYSTEM.

237. Oppostion to the Tariff in the South.

298. Opposition invigorated by the approaching extinction of the publie

debt.

299. Difference of opinion as to the manner of reducing the debt.

300. Conventions held by the respective parties.

301. Sketch of the views of the several parties proposed.

302. Manufacturing system originated from the South.

303. Commercial policy of Great Britain.

304. Protective measures against it in America.

305. Capital turned to manufacture chiefly, by aid of joint stock compa

nies.

306. General system of protection introduced-Opposition to its progress.

307. System should be modified, if it operate unequally.

308. The allegation of inequality unfounded-Prosperity of the country.

309. Causes of this prosperity.

310. Free trade desired by the South-Visionary and impossible.

311. Additional duty does not necessarily enhance price.

312. Duty designed as bounty to the manufacturer becomes bounty to the

consumer.

313. Protecting duties give a new market for southern cotton.

314. The import duty is not, in effect, an export duty.

315. Producer not the payer of the duty.

316. Producer pays only as consumer.

317. The South may engage in manufactures.

318. Agricultural products enhanced by mannfactures.

319. Manufactures indispensable in war.

320. Repeal of the import duty will not increase the exports.

321. The South claim, the reduction of duties to the revenue standard.

322. That the duties on imports are paid by the producer of the exports.

323. That, there is no conflict between foreign and domestic industry in

our market.

324. Illustration of the inequality of the operation of import duties.
325. Further allegations of inequality.

326. The contest, is between the southern planter and northern manufac-
turer.

327. The interest and the right of the southern planter coincide in free

trade.

328. The protection demanded by the manufacturer is against southern in-
dustry.

329. Northern manufacturers have no more right to protection than south-

ern producers.

330. The import duty does fall on the producer of the export.

331. The question not varied whether the return of the export be in specie

or coin.

332. A change is wrought in the value of specie-How

333. Condition of the planter receiving money for his cotton.

334. Other articles how affected by depreciation of specie-in the North.
335. How in the South.

336. Summary of the southern statesmen.

337. Inequality more burdensome by the place of the expenditure of the

revenue.

338. Desolating effects of the tariff system upon the South.

339. Exaggeration, in the views of both parties-Prosperous condition of
the South.

340. The South injuriously affected by the tariff-How

341. Diversity between the interests of the North and South-What.

CHAPTER XIII.

NULLIFICATION AND PROCLAMATION.

342. Efforts of the several parties upon the tariff on payment of the public
debt.

343. South Carolina, threatens nullification.

344. Principle of the resolutions of Kentucky and Virginia in 1798

345. Analytical exposition of the new faith by a chief priest.

I. The General Government, is a compact between the States, not be.

tween the people.

II. The right of the General Government to determine its own pow.

ers, incompatible with the Constitution.

III. Each party to the compact, has a right to construe it for himself.

IV. If the State, and General Governments conflict, a Convention of

States may be invoked.

V. Supreme Court not competent to decide between them.

VI. If competent not to be trusted.

VII. The Government is not one of majorities, but one of constitu-

tional rule, which can be preserved only by the right of nulli-

cation.

VIII. And if the General Government attempt to enforce the laws

the State may secede.

346. Exposition of the true principles of the American Government.

I. The Constitution of the United States forms a Government, not a

league.

II. Is a Government, framed for the people, from which there is no

secession without universal consent.

III. The Union is formed by compact, and therefore cannot be dis

solved without assent of the parties-Opposition to it is trea-

son.

IV. The individual States have transferred to it parts of their sover.

eignty, and in this transferred sovereignty the United States

are supreme.

V. This supremacy vain if any one State may rightfully resist it.

VI. The Constitution has provided several modes to determine its

powers.

VII. Cases cognizable by the Supreme Court.

VIII. Resort may be had to elections, when; And to the power of
amendment given in the Constitution.

IX. The Government is one of the majority, within the principles of

the Constitution.

X. Consequences flowing from adverse doctrines.

347. Nullification is disunion, civil war.

348. South Carolina proclaims nullification and threatens secession.

349. And an appeal to a Convention.

350. President of the United States fostered hostility to the tariff system.

351. Protest against the doctrines of the President.

352. President enforced by his position to resist nullification-His procla

mation.

353. Counter proclamation of South Carolina.

354. Prospect of civil war in that State.

355. Adversary measures adopted by the State-and United States.

356. Sudden change of disposition in South Carolina-Temper of other

southern States.

357. Combination of causes for modifying the tariff.

358. Admirable efforts of Mr. Clay-Their acceptation.

359. Measure of the South Carolina Convention-Injury to the State.
360. The triumph of South Carolina.

361. Not due to President Jackson.

CHAPTER XIV.

ELECTION OF 1832.

362. Popularity of the President despite of his opposition to the popular

will.

363. Causes for this.

364. Direct interference of the President in elections.