consequence of which he crossed the isthmus between the lakes, in order to take possession of Invergary, a place of strength belonging to Macdonald of Glengarry. He had proceeded only a short distance, when a body of Macdonalds came down the hill opposite to oppose him. His pursuers were by this time joined by Macdonald of Keppoch, and a party of his men, who soon came up with him, and he was compelled to surrender, being surrounded on all sides. Lochiel and a body of his men coming up at the time, took charge of the prisoners, and carried them to his house at Achnacarie. Two of the king's soldiers were killed; and severals, among whom was captain Scott himself, wounded. The Highlanders did not lose a man, and their success was magnified into a most important affair, which had no small effect in raising their spirits, and encouraging them to enter upon that career of rebellion, which to them had so fatal a termination.

Sir Alexander Macdonald, and Macleod of Skye, absolutely refusing to join him, Charles removed from Boradale to Kinlochmoidart, where he remained till the eighteenth, that he went by water to Glenaladale, upon the side of loch Shiel. On the morning of the nineteenth, leaving Clanronald in his own country to raise men, he, with his attendants in three boats, set out for Glenfinnin, where he landed about mid-day, at the east end of the lake, where the small river Finnin runs into loch Shiel. Glenfinnin is a narrow vale, apparently formed by the river Finnin, between high and craggy mountains, utterly impassable, except on foot. When Charles arrived at this solitary spot, Lochiel and his Camerons were not to be seen, and a small hovel is still shown where Charles spent two anxious hours waiting for this great auxiliary. At length Lochiel with his clansmen, to the number of eight hundred, made their appearance on the top of the mountain, advancing in two lines, each of them three men deep, and between the lines the soldiers taken on the sixteenth marching as prisoners, without any arms. Transported with the sight, Charles proceeded immediately to erect what he called the king his father's standard. This standard was made of white, blue, and red silk, and was about twice the size of an ordinary pair of colours. It was unfurled by the marquis of Tullibardine, who, supported by a man on each side, held

the staff, till the manifest and commission of regency was read, both dated at Rome, December 1743.* This solemnity was scarcely concluded, when Macdonald of Keppoch arrived with about three hundred followers; so that the army of Charles,

• The following are copies of the said papers:-" James the eighth, by the grace of God, king of Scotland, England, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. to all our loving subjects, of what degree or quality soever, greeting;

"Having always borne the most constant affection to our ancient kingdom of Scotland, from whence we derive our royal origin, and where our progenitors have swayed the sceptre with glory, through a longer succession of kings than any monarchy upon earth can at this day boast of, we cannot but behold with the deepest concern the miseries they suffer under a foreign usurpation, and the intolerable burdens daily added to their yoke, which become yet more sensible to us, when we consider the constant zeal and affection the generality of our subjects of that our ancient kingdom have expressed for us on all occasions, and particularly when we had the satisfaction of being ourselves amongst them.

"We see a nation always famous for its valour, and highly esteemed by the greatest of foreign potentates, reduced to the condition of a province, under the specious pretence of an union with a more powerful neighbour; in consequence of this pretended union, grievous and unprecedented taxes have been laid on, and levied with severity, in spite of all the representations that could be made to the contrary; and thus have not failed to produce that poverty and decay of trade, which were easily foreseen to be the necessary consequences of such oppressive measures.

"To prevent the just resentment which could not but arise from such usages, our faithful Highlanders, a people always trained up and inured to arms, have been deprived of them; forts and citadels have been built and garrisoned, where no foreign invasion could be apprehended; and a military government has been effectually introduced, as into a conquered country. It is easy to foresee what must be the consequences of such violent and unprecedented proceedings, if a timely remedy be not put to them; neither is it less manifest, that such a remedy can never be obtained, but by our restoration to the throne of our ancestors, into whose royal hearts, such destructive maxims could never find admittance.

"We think it needless to call to mind how solicitous we have ever been, and how often we have ventured our royal person, to compass this great end, which the divine providence seems now to have furnished us with the means of doing effectually, by enabling our good subjects in England to shake off the yoke under which they have likewise felt their share of the common calamities. Our former experience leaves us no room to doubt of the cheerful and hearty concurrence of our Scots subjects on this occasion, toward the perfecting the great and glorious work: but that none may be deterred by the memory of past miscarriages from returning to their duty, and being re

the first night it lay in camp, was upwards of one thousand strong.*

In the meantime the truth of what was going on in the Highlands, however slowly it had wrought its way, was pretty

stored to the happiness they formerly enjoyed, we, in this public manner, think fit to make known our gracious intentions towards all our people.

"We do therefore, by this our royal declaration, absolutely and effectually pardon and remit all treasons and other crimes hitherto committed against our royal father, or ourselves; from the benefit of which pardon we except none, but such as shall, after the publication hereof, wilfully and maliciously oppose us, or those who shall appear, or endeavour to appear in arms for our service.

"We further declare, that we will with all convenient speed, call a free parliament; that by the advice and assistance of such an assembly, we may be enabled to repair the breaches caused by so long an usurpation, to redress all grievances, and to free our people from the insupportable burden of the malt tax, and all other hardships and impositions, which have been the consequences of the pretended union; that so the nation may be restored to that honour, liberty, and independence which it formerly enjoyed.

"We likewise promise, upon our royal word, to protect, secure and maintain all our Protestant subjects in the free exercise of their religion, and in the full enjoyment of all their rights, privileges, and immunities, and in the secure possession of all churches, universities, colleges, and schools, conform to the laws of the land. All this we shall be ready to confirm in our first parliament; in which we promise to pass any act or acts that shall be judged necessary to secure each private person in the full possession of his liberty and property, to advance trade, to relieve the poor, and establish the general welfare and tranquillity of the nation; in all such matters we are fully resolved to act always by the advice of our parliaments, and to value none of our titles so much as that of common Father of our people, which we shall ever show ourselves to be, by our constant endeavours to promote the quiet and happiness of all our subjects. And we shall be particularly solicitous to settle, encourage, and maintain the fishery and linen manufactory of the nation, which we are sensible may be of such advantage to it, and which we hope are works reserved for us to accomplish.

"As for those who shall appear more signally zealous for the recovery of our just rights, and the prosperity of their country, we shall take effectual care to reward them according to their respective degrees and merits. And we particularly promise as aforesaid, our full, free, and general pardon to all officers, soldiers and sailors, now engaged in the service of the usurper, whether of the sea or land, provided that, upon the publication thereof, and

• Journal and Memoirs of the Young Pretender's Expedition. Lockhart Papers, vol. ii. pp. 441, 442. Home's History of the Rebellion, p. 36.

generally reported and as generally believea. The lords justices, on the first of August issued a proclamation, offering a reward of thirty thousand pounds to any person who should. apprehend the son of the pretender, either landed, or attempt

before they engage in any fight or battle against our forces, they quit their said unjust and unwarrantable service, and return to their duty; in which case, we shall pay them all the arrears that shall at that time be due to them from the usurper; we shall grant to the officers the same commission they shall then bear, if not higher; and to all soldiers and sailors a gratification of a whole year's pay, for their forwardness in promoting our service.

"We further promise and declare, that the vassals of such as shall, without regard to our present declaration, obstinately persist in their rebellion, and thereby forfeit all pretensions to our royal clemency, shall be delivered from all servitude they were formerly bound to, and shall have grants and charters of their lands to be held immediately of the crown, provided they, upon the publication of this our royal declaration, declare openly for us, and join heartily in the cause of their country.

"And having declared our gracious intentions to our loving subjects, we do hereby require and command them to be assisting to us in the recovery of our rights, and of their own liberties: and that all our subjects, from the ages of sixteen to sixty, do upon the setting up of the royal standard, immediately repair to it, or join themselves to such as shall first appear for us in their respective shires; and also to seize the horses and arms of all suspected persons, and all ammunition, forage, and whatever else may be necessary for the use of our forces.

"We also strictly command all receivers, collectors, or other persons, who may be seized of any sum or sums of money levied in the name or for the use of the usurper, to retain such sum or sums of money in their own hands, till they can pay them to some person of distinction appearing publicly for us, and demanding the same for our use and service; whose receipt or receipts shall be a sufficient discharge for all such collectors, receivers, or other persons, their heirs, &c.

"Lastly, we do hereby require all sheriffs of shires, stewarts of stewartries, and their respective deputies, magistrates of boroughs, and bailies of regalities, and all others to whom it may belong, to publish this our declaration, at the market crosses of their respective towns and boroughs, and there to proclaim us, under the penalty of being proceeded against according to law, for their neglect of so necessary and important a duty.

"Given at our court at Rome, the 23d day of December, 1743, in the forty-third year of our reign.

"JAMES R.

"J. R."

“Whereas we have a near prospect of being restored to the throne of our ancestors, by the good inclinations of our subjects towards us, and whereas, on account of the present situation of this country, it will be absolutely impos

ing to land in Great Britain or Ireland, or any of the dominions or territories thereto belonging. This Charles met by a counter proclamation, offering the same reward to any person who should apprehend king George, whom he designated the elector of Hanover, landing or attempting to land in any part of the British dominions. This was dated "In our camp at Kinlocheill, August the twenty-second, 1745; by his highness' command, signed John Murray." Various rumours had reached Edinburgh, not very remote from the truth; but the first that appears to have been really credited, was the letter which the lord president received by express from the Highlands, evidently that from Norman Macleod, part of which we have already quoted, and which the lord president showed to Sir John Cope on the ninth of August, after which there was no time lost in making what preparation was thought necessary for suppressing immediately an attempt so audacious. All the disposable troops were of course assembled; and it being the opinion of the lord president, the lord advocate, and the solicitor general, with all of whom he carefully consulted, that the pretender's son would not have ventured on the attempt without some prospect of a very considerable rising in his favour, and that the only way of preventing wavering people from join

sible for us to be in person at the first setting up of the royal standard, and even some time after: we therefore esteem it for our service, and the good of our kingdoms and dominions, to nominate and appoint, as we hereby nominate, constitute, and appoint, our dearest son Charles, prince of Wales, to be sole regent of our kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of all our other dominions, during our absence. It is our will and intention, that our said dearest son should enjoy and exercise all that power and authority, which, according to the ancient constitution of our kingdoms, has been enjoyed and exercised by former regents, requiring all our faithful subjects to give all due submission and obedience to our regent aforesaid, as immediately representing our royal person, and acting by our authority. And we do hereby revoke all commissions of regency, granted to any person or persons whatsoever. And lastly, we hereby dispense with all formalities, and other omissions that may be herein contained; declaring this our commission to be as firm and valid to all intents and purposes, as if it had passed our great seals, and as if it were according to the usual style and forms. "Given under our sign manual and privy signet, at our court at Rome, the 23d day of December, 1743, in the forty-third year of our reign.

" J. R."