Highlands.”—“ It is but just now," they add, "we are apprized of the number of our people that have gone off, besides the many sick, that are in no condition to fight."* It has been remarked, that there is no mention made of the arrival of the duke of Cumberland in this paper, nor of any augmentation of his army; but we cannot hesitate for a moment to believe, that it was in consequence of these circumstances that the resolution to retreat was so suddenly adopted. Charles himself was no stranger to the diminution of his numbers. He had reviewed his army some days after the battle, and was highly pleased with its appearance, though far short in numbers to what it was before it; and we cannot think it at all probable that the chiefs were ignorant of the state of matters among their followers, till after they had planned a battle on the twenty-eighth, but we think it exceedingly so, that some of their friends informed them, on the night of the twenty-eighth, that the duke was expected in Edinburgh next day; of the augmentation of the royal army they were perfectly well acquainted, and, we believe, did not choose to hazard an engagement with it under a new commander, though they were very anxious to do it with the old one.+ So little, indeed, did Charles enter into their proposal, if he at all understood it, that when he read their paper," he struck his head against the wall till he staggered, and exclaimed, Good God! have I lived to see this!" He is also reported on this occasion to have reviled lord George Murray, to whose management he attributed this conduct on the part of the chiefs. As he was entirely, however, dependant upon them, nothing remained for him but to acquiesce in their determinations, and the rapid advance of the duke of Cumberland left him and them little time for deliberation.

Home's History of the Rebellion, p. 135. Memoirs of the Rebellion, &c. pp. 140, 141. Note.

The character of Hawley was well known to be sour and supercilious; he was hated by the soldiers, and of course could hardly be a successful leader. "No mortal," says John Forbes, "disputes Mr. Hawley's genius for the management of a squadron, or prosecuting with vigour any mortal to the gallows, although, at the same time, they wish that he had the lenity to make converts, or the absolute force to make all fly before him."-Culloden Papers, p. 468.

Memoirs of the Rebellion, &c. p. 142. Note.

On the advance of the duke, lord George Murray proceeded towards Stirling to join Charles, who had ordered the siege of the castle to be abandoned, and the heavy guns, as they had no means of carrying them off, to be spiked. Patrols were placed by lord George Murray, on the night of the thirty-first, at all the passes that led to Stirling, while he himself was advancing nearer that place to meet his countrymen, who had agreed to assemble on a croft, near St. Ninian's, where their magazines were partly laid up, and from which they proposed to march on the first of February, at eight o'clock in the morning. Charles, however, did not think fit to wait his appointment; and when lord George Murray came to Old Green Yards, early in the morning, to distribute the clothing and other articles that had been furnished for the army by the city of Glasgow, he was astonished to find almost nobody to receive them -those who should have done so, being already on the road to Perth. "As carts could not be found to carry off what was not given out, every man took," says one of their own journalists, "what he had a mind to, and the rest was left to those that came next, by which we were little the better for what we got at Glasgow."* Their magazine in the church of St. Ninians, containing a great quantity of gunpowder, was blown up, (their enemies said by design, they themselves by accident, i. e. by an ignorant Highlandman firing his musket into it,) with the loss of several lives, and at the expense of all the windows in the village.

Lord George Murray then took post on a rising ground near St. Ninians, to keep in the garrison of Stirling castle, and to give time to any stragglers that might be behind to come up. Ker of Gradon, in the meantime, went forward to acquaint Charles with what had been done, and in his way found lord John Drummond, who had been the night before left in Stirling, to see that every thing in the town was carried off, and that all the people belonging to the army were out of it, and to bring up the rear. Ker was now told, that instead of eight, as had been agreed upon, Sullivan had given orders to march at six o'clock, by which mistake, lady Ogilvie had narrowly escaped

being made prisoner. Her baggage was taken, and a number of men who knew nothing of the alteration of the hour of march. The whole now pursued their way, evidently in great confusion, to the ford of Frew, where they crossed the Forth, and proceeded, the army to Dunblane, and Charles to Drummond castle. Owing to the badness of the roads, and the want of horses, several of their cannon and carriages were on this day's march left behind them. Next morning they proceeded to Crieff, and were joined on the march by a party with the prisoners taken at the battle of Falkirk, who had been sent to the castle of Doune. Charles lay that night at Fairnton,

* Some of these prisoners had previously made their escape, of which, Mr. Home, who was one of them, gives the following interesting account :

"The same day the duke of Cumberland's army marched from Edinburgh to attack the rebels, the officers and men of the Edinburgh company of volunteers taken prisoners on the 17th, made their escape from the castle of Doune, to which they, with many other prisoners, had been sent on the 25th. The castle of Doune, built by Murdoch duke of Albany, regent of Scotland, during the captivity of James the First, was in a most ruinous condition when the volunteers came there. The place of their abode was a large ghastly room, the highest part of the castle, and next the battlements. In one end of this room there were two small vaults, or cells, in one of which the volunteers passed the night, with three other persons, one of whom was Mr. John Witherspoon, then a clergyman of the church of Scotland, afterwards president of the college of Jersey in America; the other two were citizens of Aberdeen, who had been taken up in the north country as spies, and threatened to be hanged by the rebels. In the other cell were also eight persons, who, like Mr. Witherspoon, had come to Falkirk from curiosity to see a battle, and were taken prisoners in the general sweep which the rebels made after the battle.

"Each of the cells had a door, which might be made fast by those on the inside when they went to sleep, having straw to lie upon, and blankets to cover them, which they had purchased from some people in the village of Doune.

"From this account of the condition of the prisoners in the castle of Doune, it may be taken for granted, that when the volunteers were brought there, they thought of nothing but how to get away. Their first scheme was, to establish a communication with the other prisoners, whose number they knew was considerable; for there were above 100 soldiers of the king's army, a good many Argyleshire men, and some men of the Glasgow regiment; so that the whole number of prisoners, who had carried arms, might amount to

150 men.

"To guard the prisoners, there was a party of twenty or twenty-five High

where there was a council held, and as they were to march to Inverness, and there was no possibility of them keeping together, they separated themselves into two columns, the one under Charles, consisting of the clans, taking the Highland

landers, relieved every day from a detachment of the rebel army, quartered at the village of Doune.

"A sentinel, who stood two or three paces from the door of the room where the volunteers were lodged, allowed any of them that pleased to go up to the battlements, which were above seventy feet high. From the battlements, one of the volunteers with no small difficulty, made his way to the place where the soldiers and other prisoners were confined; but as there was not one officer with them, he returned the way he went, and told his companions that their scheme of escaping by force was at an end. Another of the volunteers instantly proposed that they should make a rope of the blankets they had, by which they might descend from the battlements to the ground, on the west side of the castle, where there was no sentinel. The proposal was agreed to, and being communicated to the three prisoners who lodged in the cell with them, the two men from Aberdeen agreed to join the volunteers in their attempt to escape. Mr. Witherspoon said that he would go to the battlements and see what happened, that if they succeeded, he would probably follow their example.

"To prevent suspicion of their design, some of the volunteers always kept company with the other persons in the great room, which was common to all, whilst the rest of them, barring the door of their cell, were at work till they finished the rope, of which they resolved to make use the very night it was completed. The two officers then claimed it as their right to be the first that should hazard themselves, and prove the strength of the rope; but that claim was objected to; and all the volunteers, with the two men taken up as spies, drew lots for the order in which they should descend. The captain showed No. 1, the lieutenant No. 2.

"When every thing was adjusted, they went up to the battlements, fastened the rope, and about one o'clock in the morning, began to descend. The two officers, with Robert Douglas, and one of the men taken up as spies, got down very well, but the fifth man, one of the spies, who was very tall and big, coming down in a hurry, the rope broke with him just as his feet touched the ground. The lieutenant standing by the wall of the castle, called to the volunteer [an Englishman of the name of Barrow], whose turn it was to come down next, not to attempt it; for that twenty or thirty feet were broken off from the rope. Notwithstanding this warning, which he heard distinctly, he put himself upon the rope, and coming down as far as it lasted, let go his hold: his friend Douglas, and the lieutenant, as soon as they saw him on the rope (for it was moonlight,) put themselves under him to break his fall, which in part they did; but falling from so great a height, he brought them both to the ground, dislocated one of his ancles, and broke several of his ribs. In this

road, the other, consisting of the Low Country regiments under lord George Murray, taking the coast road. A small body of Highlanders took a middle road leading to their own country by Braemar.

On the morning of the first of February, the duke of Cumberland reviewed the whole army, and proceeded to Falkirk, where he found the rebels had fled, leaving behind them the wounded men whom they had made prisoners in the late action. Brigadier Mordaunt, with all the dragoons, and the Argyleshire men, were sent in pursuit; but the rebels were too far on the road to be overtaken by them, and when they reached Stirling, they found the siege of the castle raised, and the rebels all on the other side of the Forth. The duke entered Stirling on the

extremity, the lieutenant raised him from the ground, and taking him upon his back, for he was slender and not very tall, carried him towards the road which led to Alloa. When the lieutenant was not able to go any further with his burden, other two of the company holding each of them one of Mr. Barrow's arms, helped him to hop along upon one leg. In this manner they went on very slowly a mile or so; but thinking that, at the rate they proceeded, they would certainly be overtaken, they resolved to call at the first house they should come to. When they came to a house they found a friend, for the landlord, who rented a small farm, was a whig, and as soon as he knew who they were, ordered one of his sons to bring a horse from the stable, take the lame gentleman behind him, and go as far as his assistance was necessary. Thus equipped they went on by Alloa to Tullyallan, a village near the sea, where they hired a boat to carry them off to the Vulture sloop of war, which was lying at anchor in the Frith of Forth. Captain Falconer of the Vulture received them very kindly, and gave them his barge to carry them to Queensferry. In their way to that place they saw some regiments of general Huske's division marching between Hopetown house and Borrowstounness.

"When the volunteers made their escape in this manner, Niel Macvicar, one of them, was left in the castle of Doune, for he had drawn the last number, and standing upon the battlements, saw the disaster of his friends. He concluded that the rope was not strong enough, and pulled it up, carried it to the cell, where there were some blankets, with which he completed the rope, beginning at the place where it had given way, and adding a good deal to its thickness, he went up to the battlements, fastened the rope, and put himself upon it. He came down very well till he reached that part of the rope where he had added so much to its thickness, that his hand could not grasp it, and falling from the same height that Mr. Barrow had done, but having nobody to break his fall, was so grievously hurt, bruised, and maimed, that he never recovered, but languished and died soon afterwards at the house of his father, who was a clergyman in the Island of Isla." Home's History of the Rebellion, pp. 136-139.