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that he has used some ancient list, by the manner in which he has completed the rest of his catalogue; for after Sheshonk he gives the 17th, and then the 18th dynasty, then Thuoris of the 19th, next, part of the 26th Saite, and some others, then again Thuoris, followed by part of the first Thinite dynasty, and then the 21st.

The corresponding list of Eratosthenes lies between the 23rd and 29th of the kings of his canon, of whom at present I can only identify the Ousimaris or Thysimares, the 20th of Syncellus, who is plainly the Thyosimares or Ouosimares, the 24th of Eratosthenes. There was also a celebrated king of the name of Nilus, or Nileus, who lived a generation after the Trojan war, who is mentioned by Diodorus and others as a king of Egypt. He consequently falls within the 20th dynasty, and would therefore be one of the Ramesses. The 25th king of Eratosthenes is Thinillus, which in one of

the MSS. is given as Sethinilus, and as he occupies exactly the position stated, I have no hesitation in identifying him under the name of Sethos Nilus, or Ramesses Nilus, with the Nileus of Diodorus and others, and with the Rampsinitus of Herodotus, who are the next important kings mentioned by those authors. I should take the 20th dynasty as stated in the different lists to be,

Eratosthenes. Monuments. Syncellus. Myrtæus Am- 22 Ramesses VII. Rhamesses monodotus

29

Ouosimares 12 Ramesses VIII. Rhamessomenes 15

Sethinilus 8 Ramesses IX.
Semphrucrates 18 Ramesses X.

Chuther Taurus 7 Ramesses XI.
Meures Philo- Amun mai

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Ousimares

31

Rhamesseseos 23

Rhamessameno 19

Rhamesse Ju

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Of the 21st dynasty we have again the names of 7 Tanite kings, and all the lists agree in allowing them 130 years;

and with these, I suppose, the next 7 kings of Eratosthenes were contemporary. The last of Eratosthenes is Amuthantæus,

Amyrtæus, according to some of the various readings; and this Amyrtæus I would identify with the Amahorte, whose sarcophagus is in the British Museum, whom Mr. Tomlinson* has shown to be the maternal grandfather of one of the Osorkon's in the Bubastite or 22nd dynasty, and this brings down the Laterculus of Eratosthenes and all the lists to unite in the acknowledged and well authenticated era of Shishak, from whence both Manetho and the monuments descend in harmony to the classic age.

The result of these observations I have thrown into a tabular form.

Having in the beginning hypothetically assumed the chronology of the authenticated version of our Bible to be correct, I have been myself utterly sur

* II. Trans. of R.S. of Literature, 457.

prized at the result. Expecting to meet, at every step, those difficulties, which have induced almost all chronologers either to extend or shorten the common system, I have been astonished to find, that not only the history of the Jews according to the Hebrew numbers, but the Egyptian dynasties of Manetho, and almost every scrap of Egyptian history, both literary and monumental, as well as all the authenticated traditions of the Greeks, naturally, without any violence, fall in with this system of chronology,that the recorded traditions of these nations all start from the same epoch, embrace the same period, and unite again at the same time in the events, with which the acknowledged and authenticated history of the classic age commences, that in the detail, in all the remarkable events in which these nations came in contact with one another, they accurately correspond in date, as—in the different traditions of the deluge—of the

planting of the nations-of Inachus and the Shepherds-of Joseph and the rise and prosperity of Egypt of the Exodus, Danaus, Ægyptus, and Phoenix, all connected, and within a few years of one another-while the armies of Ramesses II. seem to have passed through Canaan during the residence of Israel in Horeb -and the conquests of Ramesses III. to have been effected during the troubles and depression of Israel under the Judges. So also we find the era of the Trojan war, and Nitocris, and Alkandra coinciding with one another, and with the Assyrian tradition of the same event. So again the eras of Shishak and Rehoboam correspond, and those of Nebuchadnezzar and Pharaoh Necho. Nor does this occur only in the great outlines, but at every step a variety of coincidences has been pointed out. And, as all these have been obtained by a simple enumeration of the numbers handed down to us with scarcely a cor

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