260 years are allotted, by Africanus 284, by Eusebius 103, in which he follows the Old Chronicle, which, as well as all the lists of Eusebius, allows but 4 instead of 6 Shepherd kings. It is, however, expressly stated by Manetho, that the entire duration of the Shepherd dynasty, in which he evidently includes both the Shepherd kings and the Israelites, is exactly 511 years, which, added to the year of the Exodus, B. c. 1491, fixes the first invasion of the Shepherds about the year B.C. 2002.

The Old Chronicle, which I look upon as one of the most authentic documents that have come down to us, and which was evidently so regarded by Eusebius, who has taken it as his basis, places above the 17th dynasty the 16th, which it shews to be the first of the mortal dynasties, by giving the preceding 15 dynasties, not as dynasties of men, but as generations of the Cynic Cycle.*

*See Bryant's Observations. Myth. Vol. vi.

The 16th dynasty, or first mortal dynasty, according to this document, lasted 190 years, which, added to the 2002, places the foundation of the monarchy by Menes or Mizraim B.C. 2192. And this epoch is confirmed within 4 years by Constantinus Manasses, who asserts that the Egyptian kingdom lasted 1663 years, which, added to the year, B.C. 525, in which Cambyses reduced the kingdom to a province of Persia, places its foundation at B. c. 2188, the date adopted by Archbishop Ussher. It also brings the foundation of the kingdom within the life of Menes, or Mizraim: and as that patriarch is said to have reigned 62 years, it allows him a life of 218 years, which is shorter than that of his cousin Arphaxad, who was of the same generation.

Having by these direct calculations (every one of which is founded upon historic record, without the slightest variation to accommodate) approximated to

the date of the foundation of the monarchy; by reversing the process, and tracing it downwards, through the Laterculus of Eratosthenes, and the dynasties of the Theban, Thinite, and Memphite kings recorded by Manetho, and through the monumental lists, a collection of co incidences will be found, not merely con firmatory of the above, but amounting to a considerable degree of certainty.

The first king of Egypt was Menes, or Mizraim, the son of Ham; and he is found at the head of almost every catalogue.

In the Old Chronicle, the 16th dynasty, that is, the first mortal dynasty of Egypt, is stated to be a dynasty of Thinites, of 8 kings in number, reigning altogether 190 years. Corresponding to this we find the Theban dynasty of Eratosthenes, and the Thinite and Memphite dynasties of Manetho, as following:

were laid upon the ancient worship of the conquered, almost abolished the priesthood, and obliterated their old religion. The reformation was also carried by Pythagoras into Italy and Greece; and introduced the second era of Theology, Philosophy, and Literature, that distinguished Greece.

The effect of this reformation was to give a higher and more metaphysical character to the speculations of the Philosophers; by blending the newly acquired truths with their old philosophy: and such a character was long retained. The Persians seem to have profited by it most and whilst it appears to have re-animated their zeal against idolatry, it led them to convert the two independent principles of Mind and Matter into spiritual agents in opposition to one another, and to have revived the unmingled worship of the Sun and Fire, at first but as an emblem and image of the Supreme, though it soon again degene