66

13. His respect to the laws. 16. Unkindness to his queen though she was beautiful, gentle, and fruitful." Jealousy of her title.-19.

62. Elizabeth Woodville.

60. Encouragement of commerce, and lawful and royal trading. "Overtrading of the foreigner thought an injury to the nation."

64. Chancery and Star Chamber. Bacon praises the latter as "compounded of good elements."

65. Law against carrying away women, -yet the offence not made capital in cases of female wards and bond-women.

65. Hitherto the indictment for murder could not take place till a year and day had been allowed for the parties to proceed by way of appeal. This then was the first step towards giving public justice preference over private.

67. In the northern countries "the memory of K. Richard was so strong, that it lay like lees in the bottom of men's hearts, and if the vessel was but stirred, it would come up."

69. In the case of Scotland. England and France thought it to be the common cause of all kings, if subjects should be suffered to give laws unto their sovereigns.

71. Cardinal Adrian de Castello deceived by a prophecy concerning the Popedom.

71. He may justly be celebrated for the best lawgiver to this nation after Edward I. "For his laws (whoso marks them well) are deep, and not vulgar; not made upon the spur of a particular occasion for the present, but out of providence of the future, to make the estate of his people still more and more happy, after the manner of the legislators in ancient and heroical times."

73. How is this concerning inclosures which when they now began to be more frequent, had the effect of turning arable land into pasture? See the passage. Bacon highly commends the remedy, which required all houses of husbandry that were used with twenty acres of ground and upward to be kept up for ever, with a compe

tent proportion of land to be occupied with them. The effect was to "amortize a great part of the land unto the hold and occupation of the yeomanry," for want of which class the French and Italians, he says, had no good forces of foot, and therefore with much people had few soldiers. - Statutes, 2, 542. See the passage also, 540, Isle of Wight.

75. Wines and Woads from Gascony and Languedoc, to be brought only in English bottoms.

101. Statute for the severe punishing of mort-payes, and keeping back of soldiers' wages in captains.

For dispersing the standard of the Exchequer throughout England, thereby to size weights and measures.

105. Capture of Granada announced with great solemnity in England. These are very fine circumstances.

133. Sir Wm. Stanley, when executed, was the richest subject for value in the kingdom; there being found in his castle of Holt 40,000 marks in ready money and plate; besides jewels, household stuff, stocks upon his grounds, and other personal estate, exceeding great. And for his revenue in land and fee, it was £3000 a year of old rent, great matter in those times. The great spoils of Bosworth field came almost wholly to this man's hands, to his infinite enriching. 137. Swarms and volleys of libels-could these be printed? I rather think not. 142. He was 66 ever ready to grace and countenance the professors of the Law, having a little of that, that as he governed his subjects by his laws, so he governed his laws by his lawyers."

145. That good law which gave the attaint upon a false verdict between party and party. Which good law ought to be enforced now if it exists, or re-enacted if it has been repealed, It did not extend to causes capital.

164. Flammock and the Cornish rebels, Theirs was a Radical intention, which they ayowed-to put on harness and take weapons in their hands, yet to do no creature

ous payments, and for the punishment of those that had given him that counsel, to make others beware how they did the like in time to come.

this is

171. Most of them shot with arrows which were reported to be of the length of a Taylor's yard; so strong and mighty a bow the Cornish men were said to draw. 181. Exeter defended by fire like what happened at the siege of Dico. 184. Perkin's wife. "The name of the White Rose, which had been given to her husband's false title, was continued in common speech to her true beauty."

Henry gave his sword to the Mayor of Exeter, and commanded it should be ever after carried before him.

187. He built "that fine pile of Richmond," which in Bacon's time was standing. 188. Columbus. Bacon, I see, allows less to Columbus than is usually granted, and I perfectly agree with him.

196. Poor Katharine said of her troubles, "that she had not offended; but it was a judgement of God, for that her former marriage was made in blood,"-meaning that of the Earl of Warwick.

199. The King cared not for subterfuges, but would stand envy, and appear in any thing that was to his mind; which made envy still grow upon him more universal but less daring.

202. Proceedings against heretics were "rare in this reign, and rather by penances than by fire. The King had, though he were no good schoolman, the honour to convert one of them by dispute at Canterbury."

208. When it was objected to Henry, that if his two sons should die without issue, the kingdom of England would fall to the king of Scotland by right of the Lady Margaret, he replied that "if that should be, Scotland would be but an accession to England, and not England to Scotland, for that the greater would draw the less."

215. A Statute "prohibiting the bring

it was not of stuffs of whole piece (for that the realm had of them no manufacture in use at that time), but of knit-silk, or texture of silk, as ribbands, laces, caules, points and girdles, &c. which the people of England could then well skill to make. This law pointed at a true principle, that where foreign materials are but superfluities, foreign manufactures should be prohibited ;' for that will either banish the superfluity, or gain the manufacture."

216. Recoinage of groats and half-groats, now twelve pences and sixpence.

223. The Earl of Arundel visits King Philip at Weymouth "in great magnificence, with a brave troop of 300 horse, and for more state came by torch light."

229. Henry heard "the bitter cries of his people against the oppressions of Dudley and Empson, and their complices, partly by devout persons about him, and partly by public sermons, the preachers doing their duty therein."

230. The treasure which he left amounted to near £1,800,000 sterling, " a huge mass of money, even for these times."

231. Probable troubles from his son if he had lived longer, young Henry being "a bold prince and liberal, and that gained upon the people by his very aspect and presence."

237. Magnificent in his buildings.

238. "He had nothing in him of vain-glory, but yet kept state and majesty to the height; being sensible that majesty maketh the people bow, but vain-glory boweth to them." 243. A monkey tore his principal notebook.

he suspected that Pole would act as an instrument for the King of Spain when he found a chance for himself- and the encouragement said to be given him by that

Ibid. p. 500. THE Pope very desirous to bring about a friendship between France and Spain, with a view to the scheme upon England.

Ibid. vol. 5, pp. 46-7-8. SCHEMES Concerning the English succession. The Pope wished to provide us with a king in Cardinal Farnese; his brother the Duke of Parma being married, and therefore not able to marry Arabella-a title, without which D'Ossat thinks the Pope would not have thought of the pretext, was found in their descent by the mother's side, from a bastard of Edward IV.

PERSONS'S book written with a view to the Spanish succession-it was published in 1594, and this was the cause of all that favour shewn to the emigrant English Catholics.—Ibid. pp. 50-1-7.

Ibid. vol. 5, p. 55. BRIEFS were ready in Flanders, one to each estate of the English realm, exhorting them to receive a Catholic king, whom his Holiness would appoint.

57. The Pope wished Henri and Philip to agree in naming a third person as Catholic King of England, and urged upon France

land become united under James.-Ibid. p.

229.

193. Persons wanted this.

86. Henri IV.'s views upon this subject the Cardinal calls full of great prudence, piety, and justice.

Henri's own views are given in his letter to D'Ossat (vol. 5, p. 23, Appendix). He was for converting James,-supposing that James had as little principle, or as little learning as himself.

he is Italianated. So odious is that nation to this, that the very man is no less hated for the name, than the country for the manners."-EUPHues.

"THERE is no more hold in a new friend than a new fashion- hats alter as fast as the turner can turn his block, and hearts as soon as one can turn his back."-Ibid.

"Ir is not the sweet flower that ladies desire, but the fair; which maketh them wear that in their heads, wrought forth with the needle, not brought forth by nature."-Ibid.

"THE glasses which you carry in fans of feathers, shew you to be lighter than feathers; the new-found glass chains that you wear about your necks, argue you to be more brittle than glass."-Ibid.

"THEIR armour is not unlike unto that which in other countries they use; as corselets, Almaine rivets, shirts of mail, jacks, quilted and covered over with leather, fustian, or canvas, over thick plates of iron that are sowed to the same."— Ibid.

"QUEEN Elizabeth praised for clemency in not punishing one who, firing a gun when she was on the Thames, wounded one of her bargemen."-EUPHUES his England, C. c. 2.

APPREHENSION of evil from her death.Ibid. C. c. page last.

"SON règne est le plus beau morceau, et le plus bel endroit de l'histoire d'Angleterre."-BAYLE, vol. 6, p. 120.

"39 ELIZ. An act to relieve the hundred of Beynhurst from the statute of hue and cry (where there was no voluntary default) on account of the penalties to which that hundred was subject, from the nume