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to expect, if their superiors in education promise them an elysium of high wages and little work, as the result of pillaging other classes of the community, that they should be keen-sighted enough to see through the delusion and refuse the tempting bait.

We must therefore, at all events, expect to meet the doctrines of the Internationale in the arena of political discussion. It may well be that an effort will be made to procure for some of them -such, for instance, as the proposals of Mr. Odger and Mr. Mill-an admission into the programme of the Liberal party. That the mass of the present Liberals have no wish or intention of the kind, we are perfectly aware; but the tactics by which a small fraction of a party imposes its doctrines on the remainder are well known, and have been perfected by frequent practice. They are founded upon the established rule of political arithmetic, that one variable is worth more than a score of constants. When an election is nearly balanced, the important people-the voters who occupy every agent's thoughts, engross every civility, and can ensure the most respectful attention to every fancy they may entertain-are not the five hundred on each side whose votes are certain, but the twenty who have refused to promise. In the close party divisions of Lord Palmerston's time, the men upon whom every resource of Ministerial blandishment was expended, were not the respectable phalanx behind the Minister, whose votes were as certain as that of the Minister himself, but the waifs and strays of politics-the advanced theorists-the men of a single idea-the apostles of a crotchet. They had their price when a party vote was wanted, and that price was an onward step in the direction of their own ideas. And thus the statesmen of the Liberal party were reluctantly pushed on, and the minority imposed its views upon the majority. The same tactics have been practised more than once with success upon the Ministers that followed. Those who are ready, if thwarted, to vote against their party leader will have more command over him, and will be better able to force him into their views, than those who vote for him steadily, whatever happens. The men who are fanatical for their cause win an easy victory over those who are guided by party allegiance, or feelings of personal regard. It is a terrible advantage which our party arrangements give to extreme and desperate politicians.

But of course this power of an extravagant minority depends wholly on the long-suffering of the majority. The time may come when the middle classes, who are the real support of Liberal Governments, will awake to the dangers into which they are being hurried by their revolutionary allies. However necessary it may be, from a party point of view, that the school of politicians represented by Mr. Odger and Mr. Mill should be conciliated,

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conciliated, they must at last recognise that party victories may be bought too dear, and that there are interests compared to which the welfare of a Ministry is trivial. Their mistake in recent times has been, that they have accepted their political connexions and antagonisms too much from tradition, without. noticing how much the world has moved. They have gone on belabouring their old adversaries, the squire and the parson, with all the enthusiasm of their fathers half a century ago; and have not discerned the vast, overshadowing power that is growing up behind them. Their old enemies are maimed and shrunken: the force with which they now have to count is that of the auxiliaries by whose aid their former victories were won. New questions are before the world: new issues are to be fought out, which in importance dwarf the old. The calamities of France are useful to us in this, that they warn the classes who are threatened here of the dangers of entering upon a new political era hampered with the enmities and the friendships which belonged to a period that has gone by. We have seen what has been the fate of a bourgeoisie who, in 1848, to obtain a miserable party triumph, accepted a Socialist alliance. There is good hope that no such folly, will be committed here. During the past Session, the Government showed an inclination on more than one occasion to purchase, by semi-socialist proposals, support of the same kind. But, however obsequious their party had hitherto been, they were unable to carry it with them in these attempts. Much of the future peace and strength of this country depends upon the promptitude with which similar efforts in coming Sessions are restrained. If the Liberal landowners, and the mass of the commercial middle class resolutely repel the doctrines of this new school, it will pass away in due time harmlessly, as other fanaticisms have done. But they may take another course. They may, tempted by the momentary party strength it may offer, tamper with it, pacify it with fair but hollow promises, lend to it a popularity among political adventurers, and so admit it to a standing among English political parties. They will not by, so doing assure its success, for the destruction of its opponents is not success; but they will challenge a class conflict which, whatever its issue, will incu rably shatter the prosperity, the strength, the unity of England.

INDEX

TO THE

HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIRST VOLUME OF THE

QUARTERLY REVIEW.

A.

ABOUT (M. Edmond) on Labour and
Wages, 231-on co-operation amongst
workmen, 254.

Abraham and the Fire-worshipper,
apologue of, illustrative of the widest
possible tolerance, 134.

Ants, their complex political organi-
sation, 77.

6

Army reorganisation, 524-long cata-
logue of shortcomings, negligences,
and ignorances, 527-doubt whether
the English soldier is equal to his
victorious predecessors, 529-Lord
Sandhurst's warning to the Govern-
ment that they were organising
defeat,' 530- General Adye's ac-
knowledgment that our forces are a
disjointed structure of armed men
without cohesion or efficiency, 531-
rapid changes of the art of destruc-
tion, 535-invasion of England, 536-
opinion of the Defence Committee
of 1859, ib.-German view of the
facility of a descent on England, ib.
-deficiency of our resources, 538-
accurate knowledge by foreign states-
men of our minutest resources, ib.

tremendous consequences of an
enemy's landing, 539-effect of our
foreign policy the dislike and con-
tempt of foreign nations, 540-our
military helplessness, ib.-chasm be-
tween the England of to-day and of
former times, 541--melancholy his-
tory of the so-called Army Bill, 542
-change in the warlike character
of the English race, 543-effect of
abolishing the purchase system, 544
-ghastly story of the earlier part of
the Crimean war, 547.
Ascidian ancestry of the vertebrate
sub-kingdom, 67.

Austria, regeneration of, 90 - political

transformation, 91- its wretched
condition in the winter of 1866, 92
-the Austrian Empire converted
Vol. 131.-No. 262.

into the Austro-Hungarian monarchy,
93-additions made to the political
machinery, ib.-growth of political
freedom, 95-three most important
measures, 96--liberation of the in-
ferior priests, 97-laws affecting mar-
riage and education, 98-fundamental
State-laws to constitute the Magna
Charta of the Austrian citizen, ib.-
twenty-one parliaments, 101-Aus-
tria composed of a number of small
nations, 102-abrogation of the Con-
cordat, 105-statistics of the Austrian
provinces, ib.-policy of the Poles
in Austria, 106-the Czechs, ib.-
question of a central administration
for each nationality, 108-dissensions
of the contending nationalities, 111—
Vienna and Berlin contrasted, 112.

B.

Baboons, anecdotes respecting, 72.
Beauty, the Hellenic ideal the highest
type of human, 63.

Barley, peculiarity of its growth, 396.
Bass (Mr., M.P.), the largest brewer in
the world, 393.

Beer and the liquor trades, statistics of
money invested and their gains, 395
-the process of malting, 396-the
method of brewing, 399-hops, Eng-
lish and foreign, 400-distilling and
rectifying, 402-unjust effect of a
licence duty varying with the value
of the premises, 405-evils attending
the division of public-houses into two
classes, 406-demoralising effect of
beer-houses, 407-Mr. Bruce's Intoxi-
cating Liquor Bill, 408-offensiveness
of its title, 410-violent opposition to
the Bill, 411-its injustice and cruelty,
413-proof that the paucity of public-
houses does not imply sobriety, 414
-the black-white name of Permis-
sive Prohibition the English form of
the Maine Liquor Law, 416.
Belgium, agricultural regimen of, 255
-Belgian farming, 257.
2 Q

Berlin contrasted with Vienna, 112.
Bernard's (Charles de) fascinating novel
'Gerfault,' 218.

Braid's inducing artificial somnam-
bulism, 302.

Browning's (Mr.) obscurity of style, 364.
Brutes, no evidence of advance in their
mental power, 76.

Burbage's company at the Globe theatre
in Shakspeare's time, 22.
Business man (the), as described by
Mr. Fawcett, 237.

Byron (Lord), Continental opinion of
him as the greatest English poetical
genius since Shakspeare and Milton,
354-the morning after the publica-
tion of the 1st and 2nd Cantos of
'Don Juan' awakes and finds him-
self famous, 358-rapt interest ex-
cited by his poetical tales, 361-the
'Giaour,' 362-the 'Corsair,' 364-
irrational and indefensible reaction
against him, 367-his stanzas on the
Ocean, 370- Don Juan' the 'cope-
stone of his fame, 373-his mode of
composition contrasted with Tenny-
son's, 375-his sudden inspiration
eagerly worked out, ib.-compared
himself to the tiger when the first
spring fails, ib.-foreign critics on
the prejudice against him, 341.

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-skilful appeal to the peasantry on
the principles of the Commune, 552

extension of the International
Association in foreign countries, 556
-its principles on the relation of
capitalists and labourers, 557-pro-
posed abolition of the right of in-
heritance, 558-the Socialist Alliance
of Geneva declares itself atheist, 559
-the French socialist makes war
upon marriage, property, and religion.
563-the Commune the Helot in the
political education of France, 565-
strikes no evidence of Socialist ideas
of English workmen, 568-distinc-
tion between scientific and political
progress, 570- Socialist sentiments
of Messrs. Mill, Harrison, and Odger,
575.

Copernicus, a new Phaethon driving
the earth about the sun, 14.
Conciliation, Boards of, between em-
ployers and workmen, 235.
Constitution (English), retrospect of its
changes during this century, 573,
Cowper-Temple clause in the Ele-
mentary Education Act, 282.
Cox's (Mr. Serjeant) patronage of
Spiritualism, 343.

Crooke's (Mr., F.R.S.) experimental
investigation of a new force, 37-his
position in science, 342-detection of
the new metal thallium, 343.
Curwen's (Rev. J.) tonic sol-fa sys-
tem, 169.

D.

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Darwin's (Charles, M.A., F.R.S.) De-
scent of Man, and Selection in Rela-
tion to Sex,' 47-false facts more
injurious than false views, 5.-his
present opinions subversive of his
original views, 48-his modifications
of the principle of natural selection,
51-distrust arising from his unre-
served admissions of error, 52-
sexual selection the corner-stone of
his theory, ib.-two distinct pro-
cesses of sexual selection, ib.-stal-
lions and mares, 57-peafowl, 58-
display by male birds, 60-his inac-
curacies in tracing man's origin, 65
-over-hasty conclusions, 66-traces
man's genealogy back to a form of
animal life like an existing larval
Ascidian, ib.-Ascidian ancestry of
the vertebrate sub-kingdom, 67-six
kinds of action to which the nervous
system ministers, ib.-distinction be-
tween the instinctive and intellectual

68-anec-

parts of man's nature,
dotes narrated by the author in
support of the rationality of brutes,
71-fundamental difference between
the mental powers of man and brutes,
75-no advance of mental power on
the part of brutes, 76-even the moral
sense a mere result of the development
of brutal instincts, 79-essence of an
instinct, 80-genesis of remorse, 82
-the law of honour, 83-dogmatism
affirming the very things which have
to be proved, 85-sexual selection
the selection by the females of the
more beautiful males, ib.—the au-
thor's panegyrics on the advocates of
his own views exclusively, 86-his
power of reasoning in an inverse ratio
to his powers of observation, 87-
implies that man is no more than an
animal, 88-his false metaphysical
system, 89-sets at naught the first
principles of both philosophy and
religion, 90.

Dalling's (Lord [Sir H. Bulwer])
'France,' 213.

Dibdin's (Rev. R. W.) table-turning,
320-his lecture and experience on
that subject, ib.-his reply to Pro-
fessor Faraday, 322.

Disraeli's (Mr.) appropriation of a cha-
racter in Lothair,' 194-more than
a third of his eulogium on Welling-
ton taken from Thiers, without the
change of a word, ib.
Dorking' (the Battle of), character
of the book, 533.
Dumas (Alexander), Memoirs of, 189
-unprecedented fertility and ver-
satility, 190-computation of the
average number of pages per day
during forty years, ib.-his mode of
life, ib.-autobiography, 195-his
name of Davy de la Pailleterie, 196
-his father's relinquishment of that
name, 197-anecdotes of the strength
and prowess of General Dumas, his
father, b.-description of Dumas's
first visit to Paris, 201-interviews
with Talma, 202, 206-Dumas's
theory of success in life, 204-in-
terview with a fat and fair English-
man, 207-interview with Sebastiani,
208-favourably received by General
Foy, ib.-answers to the General's
interrogation as to his qualifications,
209-received into the establishment
of the Duke of Orleans, afterwards
King of the French, 210-his first
publication a novel of which four
copies only were sold, 212-his first

accepted drama, 214-interview with
Mademoiselle Mars, ib.-interview
with Louis Philippe, 215-Dumas
unknown the evening before, the talk
of all Paris on the morrow, 216-
interview between Louis Philippe
and Charles X., ib.-in the drama
of Antony' sets all notions of
morality at defiance, 218-analysis
of the plot, ib.-its profound immo-
rality, 219-'La Tour de Nesle,' a
dramatic monstrosity, 223- Les
Trois Mousquetaires,' Vingt ans
après,' and Monte Christo,' 224-
letter to Napoleon III. on the pro-
hibition by the Censorship of Les
Mohicans de Paris,' 227-connection
with Garibaldi, 228.

E.

6

Education of the People. Our present
educational prospects, 265-three
points of interest to be investigated,
ib.-I. the relation of the new state
of things to the previous system, 266
-question of making the payment
of school-pence a part of out-door
relief, 271-schools of religious tone
and secular schools, 272-voluntary
and rate-supported schools, 274-
secularism of schools in the United
States, 276-II. How will religion
fare under the new system, 278-
great majority of petitions for reli-
gious education above those for
secular, 281-probable effects of the
Cowper-Temple clause, 282-impos-
sibility of drawing out an unde-
nominational creed, 287-III. Pro-
spects of pushing on National Edu-
cation in quality and quantity, 289-
material points in the New Code of
Regulations reversing the Revised
Code, 290-programme of the course
of education contemplated, ib.-exer-
cise and drill in the schools, 292-
want of more training colleges,
294-compulsory powers to make the
children attend, 296-the compul-
sory system in America, ib.
Erle (Sir W.), on the law relating to
Trades' Unions, 234.

F.

Faraday's (Professor) explanation of
table-turning, 311-his indicator for
detecting the delusion, ib.
Fawcett (Mr., M.P.) on pauperism,
237-his extreme democratic opi-
nions, 242.

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