to expect, if their superiors in education promise them an elysium of high wages and little work, as the result of pillaging other classes of the community, that they should be keen-sighted enough to see through the delusion and refuse the tempting bait. We must therefore, at all events, expect to meet the doctrines of the Internationale in the arena of political discussion. It may well be that an effort will be made to procure for some of them -such, for instance, as the proposals of Mr. Odger and Mr. Mill-an admission into the programme of the Liberal party. That the mass of the present Liberals have no wish or intention of the kind, we are perfectly aware; but the tactics by which a small fraction of a party imposes its doctrines on the remainder are well known, and have been perfected by frequent practice. They are founded upon the established rule of political arithmetic, that one variable is worth more than a score of constants. When an election is nearly balanced, the important people-the voters who occupy every agent's thoughts, engross every civility, and can ensure the most respectful attention to every fancy they may entertain -are not the five hundred on each side whose votes are certain, but the twenty who have refused to promise. In the close party divisions of Lord Palmerston's time, the men upon whom every resource of Ministerial blandishment was expended, were not the respectable phalanx behind the Minister, whose votes were as certain as that of the Minister himself, but the waifs and strays of politics-the advanced theorists-the men of a single idea-the apostles of a crotchet. They had their price when a party vote was wanted, and that price was an onward step in the direction of their own ideas. And thus the statesmen of the Liberal party were reluctantly pushed on, and the minority imposed its views upon the majority. The same tactics have been practised more than once with success upon the Ministers that followed. Those who are ready, if thwarted, to vote against their party leader will have more command over him, and will be better able to force him into their views, than those who vote for him steadily, whatever happens. The men who are fanatical for their cause win an easy victory over those who are guided by party allegiance, or feelings of personal regard. It is a terrible advantage which our party arrangements give to extreme and desperate politicians.
But of course this power of an extravagant minority depends wholly on the long-suffering of the majority. The time may come when the middle classes, who are the real support of Liberal Governments, will awake to the dangers into which they are being hurried by their revolutionary allies. However necessary it may be, from a party point of view, that the school of politicians represented by Mr. Odger and Mr. Mill should be conciliated,
conciliated, they must at last recognise that party victories may be bought too dear, and that there are interests compared to which the welfare of a Ministry is trivial. Their mistake in recent times has been, that they have accepted their political connexions and antagonisms too much from tradition, without. noticing how much the world has moved. They have gone on belabouring their old adversaries, the squire and the parson, with all the enthusiasm of their fathers half a century ago and have not discerned the vast, overshadowing power that is growing up behind them. Their old enemies are maimed and shrunken: the force with which they now have to count is that of the auxiliaries by whose aid their former victories were won." New questions are before the world: new issues are to be fought out, which in importance dwarf the old. The calamities of France are useful to us in this, that they warn the classes who are threatened here of the dangers of entering upon a new political era hampered with the enmities and the friendships which belonged to a period that has gone by. We have seen what has been the fate of a bourgeoisie who, in 1848, to obtain a miserable party triumph, accepted a Socialist alliance. There is good hope that no such folly will be committed here. During the past Session, the Government showed an inclination on more than one occasion to purchase, by semi-socialist proposals, support of the same kind. But, however obsequious their party had hitherto been, they were unable to carry it with them in these attempts. Much of the future peace and strength of this country depends upon the promptitude with which similar efforts in coming Sessions are restrained. If the Liberal landowners, and the mass of the commercial middle class resolutely repel the doctrines of this new school, it will pass away in due time harmlessly, as other fanaticisms have done. But they may take another course. They may, tempted by the momentary party strength it may offer, tamper with it, pacify it with fair but hollow promises, lend to it a popularity among political adventurers, and so admit it to a standing among English political parties. They will not by, so 'doing assure its success, for the destruction of its opponents is not success; but they will challenge a class conflict which, whatever its issue, will incu rably shatter the prosperity, the strength, the unity of England.
HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIRST VOLUME OF THE
ABOUT (M. Edmond) on Labour and Wages, 231-on co-operation amongst workmen, 254.
Abraham and the Fire-worshipper, apologue of, illustrative of the widest possible tolerance, 134.
Ants, their complex political organi- sation, 77.
Army reorganisation, 524-long cata- logue of shortcomings, negligences, and ignorances, 527-doubt whether the English soldier is equal to his victorious predecessors, 529-Lord Sandhurst's warning to the Govern- ment that they were organising defeat,' 530 General Adye's ac- knowledgment that our forces are a disjointed structure of armed men without cohesion or efficiency, 531— rapid changes of the art of destruc- tion, 535-invasion of England, 536- opinion of the Defence Committee of 1859, ib.-German view of the facility of a descent on England, ib. -deficiency of our resources, 538- accurate knowledge by foreign states- men of our minutest resources, ib.
tremendous consequences of an enemy's landing, 539-effect of our foreign policy the dislike and con- tempt of foreign nations, 540-our military helplessness, ib.-chasm be- tween the England of to-day and of former times, 541--melancholy his- tory of the so-called Army Bill, 542 -change in the warlike character of the English race, 543-effect of abolishing the purchase system, 544 -ghastly story of the earlier part of the Crimean war, 547. Ascidian ancestry of the vertebrate sub-kingdom, 67.
Austria, regeneration of, 90 transformation, 91 condition in the winter of 1866, 92 -the Austrian Empire converted Vol. 131.-No. 262.
into the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, 93-additions made to the political machinery, b.-growth of political freedom, 95-three most important measures, 96-liberation of the in- ferior priests, 97-laws affecting mar- riage and education, 98-fundamental State-laws to constitute the Magna Charta of the Austrian citizen, ib.- twenty-one parliaments, 101-Aus- tria composed of a number of small nations, 102-abrogation of the Con- cordat, 105-statistics of the Austrian provinces, ib.-policy of the Poles in Austria, 106-the Czechs, ib.- question of a central administration for each nationality, 108-dissensions of the contending nationalities, 111- Vienna and Berlin contrasted, 112.
Baboons, anecdotes respecting, 72. Beauty, the Hellenic ideal the highest type of human, 63.
Barley, peculiarity of its growth, 396. Bass (Mr., M.P.), the largest brewer in the world, 393.
Beer and the liquor trades, statistics of money invested and their gains, 395 -the process of malting, 396-the method of brewing, 399-hops, Eng- lish and foreign, 400-distilling and rectifying, 402-unjust effect of a licence duty varying with the value of the premises, 405-evils attending the division of public-houses into two classes, 406-demoralising effect of beer-houses, 407-Mr. Bruce's Intoxi- cating Liquor Bill, 408-offensiveness of its title, 410-violent opposition to the Bill, 411-its injustice and cruelty, 413-proof that the paucity of public- houses does not imply sobriety, 414 -the black-white name of Permis- sive Prohibition the English form of the Maine Liquor Law, 416. Belgium, agricultural regimen of, 255 -Belgian farming, 257.
Burbage's company at the Globe theatre in Shakspeare's time, 22. Business man (the), as described by Mr. Fawcett, 237.
Byron (Lord), Continental opinion of him as the greatest English poetical genius since Shakspeare and Milton, 354-the morning after the publica- tion of the 1st and 2nd Cantos of 'Don Juan' awakes and finds him- self famous, 358-rapt interest ex- cited by his poetical tales, 361-the 'Giaour,' 362-the Corsair,' 364- irrational and indefensible reaction against him, 367-his stanzas on the Ocean, 370- Don Juan' the 'cope- stone of his fame, 373-his mode of composition contrasted with Tenny- son's, 375-his sudden inspiration eagerly worked out, ib.-compared himself to the tiger when the first spring fails, ib.-foreign critics on the prejudice against him, 311.
-skilful appeal to the peasantry on the principles of the Commune, 552
extension of the International Association in foreign countries, 556 -its principles on the relation of capitalists and labourers, 557-pro- posed abolition of the right of in- heritance, 558-the Socialist Alliance of Geneva declares itself atheist, 559 -the French socialist makes war upon marriage, property, and religion, 563-the Commune the Helot in the political education of France, 565- strikes no evidence of Socialist ideas of English workmen, 568-distinc- tion between scientific and political progress, 570-Socialist sentiments of Messrs. Mill, Harrison, and Odger,
Copernicus, a new Phaethon driving the earth about the sun, 14. Conciliation, Boards of, between em- ployers and workmen, 235. Constitution (English), retrospect of its changes during this century, 573, Cowper-Temple clause in the Ele- mentary Education Act, 282. Cox's (Mr. Serjeant) patronage of Spiritualism, 343.
Crooke's (Mr., F.R.S.) experimental investigation of a new force, 37-his position in science, 342-detection of the new metal thallium, 343. Curwen's (Rev. J.) tonic sol-fa sys- tem, 169.
Darwin's (Charles, M.A., F.R.S.) De- scent of Man, and Selection in Rela- tion to Sex,' 47-false facts more injurious than false views, ib.-his present opinions subversive of his original views, 48-his modifications of the principle of natural selection, 51-distrust arising from his unre- served admissions of error, 52- sexual selection the corner-stone of his theory, ib.-two distinct pro- cesses of sexual selection, ib.-stal- lions and mares, 57-peafowl, 58- display by male birds, 60-his inac- curacies in tracing man's origin, 65 -over-hasty conclusions, 66-traces man's genealogy back to a form of animal life like an existing larval Ascidian, ib.-Ascidian ancestry of the vertebrate sub-kingdom, 67—six kinds of action to which the nervous system ministers, ib.-distinction be- tween the instinctive and intellectual
parts of man's nature, 68-anec- dotes narrated by the author in support of the rationality of brutes, 71-fundamental difference between the mental powers of man and brutes, 75-no advance of mental power on the part of brutes, 76-even the moral sense a mere result of the development of brutal instincts, 79-essence of an instinct, 80-genesis of remorse, 82 -the law of honour, 83-dogmatism affirming the very things which have to be proved, 85-sexual selection the selection by the females of the more beautiful males, ib.-the au- thor's panegyrics on the advocates of his own views exclusively, 86-his power of reasoning in an inverse ratio to his powers of observation, 87- implies that man is no more than an animal, 88-his false metaphysical system, 89-sets at naught the first principles of both philosophy and religion, 90.
Dalling's (Lord [Sir H. Bulwer]) 'France,' 213.
Dibdin's (Rev. R. W.) table-turning,
320-his lecture and experience on that subject, ib.-his reply to Pro- fessor Faraday, 322.
Disraeli's (Mr.) appropriation of a cha- racter in Lothair,' 194-more than a third of his eulogium on Welling- ton taken from Thiers, without the change of a word, ib. Dorking' (the Battle of), character of the book, 533. Dumas (Alexander), Memoirs of, 189 -unprecedented fertility and ver- satility, 190-computation of the average number of pages per day during forty years, ib.-his mode of life, ib.-autobiography, 195-his name of Davy de la Pailleterie, 196 -his father's relinquishment of that name, 197-anecdotes of the strength and prowess of General Dumas, his father, b.-description of Dumas's first visit to Paris, 201-interviews with Talma, 202, 206- Dumas's theory of success in life, 204-in- terview with a fat and fair English- man, 207-interview with Sebastiani, 208-favourably received by General Foy, ib.-answers to the General's interrogation as to his qualifications, 209-received into the establishment of the Duke of Orleans, afterwards King of the French, 210-his first publication a novel of which four copies only were sold, 212-his first
accepted drama, 214-interview with Mademoiselle Mars, ib.-interview with Louis Philippe, 215-Dumas unknown the evening before, the talk of all Paris on the morrow, 216- interview between Louis Philippe and Charles X., ib.-in the drama of Antony' sets all notions of morality at defiance, 218-analysis of the plot, ib.-its profound immo- rality, 219-'La Tour de Nesle,' a dramatic monstrosity, 223- Les Trois Mousquetaires,' Vingt ans après,' and 'Monte Christo,' 224- letter to Napoleon III. on the pro- hibition by the Censorship of Les Mohicans de Paris,' 227-connection with Garibaldi, 228.
Education of the People. Our present educational prospects, 265-three points of interest to be investigated, ib.-I. the relation of the new state of things to the previous system, 266
question of making the payment of school-pence a part of out-door relief, 271-schools of religious tone and secular schools, 272-voluntary and rate-supported schools, 274- secularism of schools in the United States, 276-II. How will religion fare under the new system, 278- great majority of petitions for reli- gious education above those for secular, 281-probable effects of the Cowper-Temple clause, 282-impos- sibility of drawing out an unde- nominational creed, 287-III. Pro- spects of pushing on National Edu- cation in quality and quantity, 289- material points in the New Code of Regulations reversing the Revised Code, 290-programme of the course of education contemplated, ib.-exer- cise and drill in the schools, 292- want of more training colleges, 294-compulsory powers to make the children attend, 296-the compul- sory system in America, ib. Erle (Sir W.), on the law relating to Trades' Unions, 234.
« السابقةمتابعة » |