(55) There is much in the details of the work at Llandaff which is fairly open to censure, but the principle of arrangement is thoroughly good throughout, and the general effect is admirable.
(56) It is proposed to "restore," as it is called, the west front at a cost of many thousand pounds, while there are no signs of any movement towards getting rid of the crying abuses in the inside of the church. I believe there is no fear of the wanton destruction of any of the ancient work, or of any such absurdities as putting up new statues. Still it seems to me to be a strange putting of the cart before the horse to spend such a sum, or indeed to spend a single farthing, on purely ornamental work, while the arrangements of the inside are such that the church does not properly fulfil its first duty as a place of worship. When the nave of Wells Cathedral is again applied to its proper use, it will be time enough to think of canopies and carved work on the outside. And I am by no means clear that purely ornamental work of this kind ought to be restored at all. Anything that is really needed for the safety of the fabric should be done with all boldness, and all really essential features should be made good. If the western towers were likely to fall, it would be a matter of duty to support or to rebuild them, as the case might call for. And as the doors and windows are essential parts of the building, I should without scruple restore their. decayed bases, mouldings, and other portions. But as to the purely ornamental work, the statues and their canopies, it seems to me that their value comes wholly from their being genuine parts of the original work, and that any modern repair is out of place. I should take every means to preserve them and keep them in their places; but, if they fall or crumble away, I should not replace them. I therefore greatly regret, on every ground, to see a work undertaken which can hardly fail to have the effect of putting off the real restoration of the church of Wells for many a day.
(57) If the screen is, which I do not believe that it is, of any constructive use in keeping up the piers of the eastern arch of the tower, the obvious thing is to build a fourth Saint Andrew's cross in the eastern arch as in the other three.
Alexander, third Dean of Wells, 170.
Alien Priories, suppression of, 147.
Amiens Cathedral, its great height, 116.
Andrew, Saint, his wells, 19; yields to his
younger brother, 36.
Angers, undercroft of the Bishop's palace
at, 176.
Apses, various kinds of, 130; their rarity in
England, 130; use of, in Romanesque
times, 181; more common in Normandy
than in England, ib.
Archdeacon of Wells, ancient house of,
142; its alienation, 150; recovery of the
other property of, 150.
Archdeacons, their rights under the charter
of Elizabeth, 188.
Architects, employment of professional, in
the middle ages, 81.
Athelney, prebend attached to the Abbey,
Augustine, his mission to Britain, 12.
Avaion, see Glastonbury.
Axe, the English frontier in 597, 13, 17.
Bangor Cathedral, arrangement of towers
at, 182.
Banwell, history of the lordship, 27, 29, 31 ;
Bishop's house at, 37.
Barlow, William, Bishop, alienates the
lands of the see, 149, 186; partly recovers
them, 149.
Bath, its Roman origin, 13, 36; taken by
the West-Saxons, 36; church of, founded
by Offa, 36, 177; monks brought in by
Eadgar, ib.; burned, 36, 47; bought by
Bishop John, 36, 37, 166; see of Somer-
setshire removed to, ib.; church rebuilt
by Bishop John, 37; settlement between
the Churches of Bath and Wells, 45;
suppression of the Monastery, 46, 148;
restoration of the Church in the seven-
teenth century, ib.; works of Bishop
Robert at, 46-48, 167, 168; date and
style of the present church, 48; monks
of, illegally elect Bishop Roger, 105;
gradually neglected by the Bishops, 107;
form of the west front, 125; alleged
foundation of Osric, 177.
Bath and Wells. origin of the title, 10, 45.
Battle Abbey, lofty undercroft under the
dormitory, 176.
Bayeux, installation of the Bishop at, 158.
Beaufort. Cardinal, enlarges the Hospital
of Saint Cross, 163.
Beauvais Cathedral, remains of the old
church at, 79, 80; its great height, 116.
Beckington, Thomas, Bishop, works of his
executors; his various works, 145; re-
moval and mutilation of his canopy, 153;
his work in the cloisters, 181; his will,
182, 183; his gifts to the Chapter, 183.
Benefice, meaning of the word, 59, 169.
Berengar, agent of Archbishop Thomas,
Beverley Minster, compared with Wells,
124, 130; unreality of its west front,
128; east end of, 130; compared with
Wells, 132.
Bird, Prior, his works at Bath, 48.
Bishop, his share in the daily distribution,
174; his right of visitation saved by the
Elizabethan charter, 187; election of,
under the charter, 187, 188.
Bishops, their relations to their cathedral
churches, 10, 11, 45; difference between
their position in England and elsewhere,
12; their ancient territorial style, 12;
how appointed in early times, 25; Nor-
man and French Bishops after the Con-
quest, 35; number of, increased by Henry
the Eighth, 53: their greater power in
the old cathedrals, 54; plunder of, under
Edward the Sixth and Elizabeth, 149.
Bishopricks moved from small towns to
larger, 35, 166.
Bishopstool, meaning of the word, 12.
Boniface the Ninth, Pope, his bull about
entertainments, 175.
Bourges Cathedral, absence of transepts
in, 116.
Bourne, Gilbert, Bishop, recovers the
lands of the see, 149.
Bridgewater, more modern than the other
Somersetshire towns, 14.
Bristol, Church of St. Mary Redcliff, in-
ternal effect of height in, 133..
Bristol, position of the Cathedral, 2; harm-
less stoves at, 189.
Brunswick, sham fronts in the churches
of, 181.
Bubwith, Nicholas, Bishop, his share in
building the north-west tower, 122; his
gift of the Guild-hall to the citizens,
123; his buildings in the cloister, ib.
Bury Saint Edmund's, its municipal his-
tory compared with Wells, 184.
![[blocks in formation]](https://books.google.com.eg/books/content?id=tHsAAAAAMAAJ&hl=ar&output=html_text&pg=PA192&img=1&zoom=3&q=editions:ISBN0013106716&cds=1&sig=ACfU3U1lsmwREFfAWnLYGVoQQFfL9pnzEg&edge=0&edge=stretch&ci=111,1002,435,338)
Carlisle Cathedral compared with Wells,
134, 135.
Carol, see Karole.
Cathedral Churches, their clergy some-
times regular, sometimes secular, 21:
distinction of old and new foundations,
53; foundations under Henry the Eighth,
ib.; held to be the freehold of the
Chapter or Convent, 64; urgent need of
their reform, 160.
Cathedral, meaning of the word, 8-10.
Century, thirteenth, its special historical
importance, 103; fourteenth, character
of its architecture, 111, 113.
Chancellor of the Church, foundation of
the office, 50, 168; its duties, 57.
Chancellor of the Diocese distinguished
from Chancellor of the Church, 57.
'Chantries, suppression of, 149.
Chantry Priests, incorporated by Bishop
Erghum, 141, 142, 183; suppressed, 142,
Chapter-House, different character of, in
regular and secular churches, 96; build-
ing of that, at Wells, 96-98, 176; poly-
gonal type of, 97; style and date of, at
Wells, 98; examples of the polygonal
shape, 176; of the oblong shape, ib.
Chapters, origin of, 21: their relation to
their Bishops, 45; their increased in-
dependence of the Bishops, 63, 64; need
of their reform on the old basis, 189.
Chartres Cathedral, its great height,
116.
Chester Cathedral, crumbling nature of
its stone, 135.
Chester, position of the Cathedral, 2;
foundation of the Bishoprick, 53-
Chew Magna, pension from the vicarage
to the Vicars of Wells, 182.
Chicheley, Archbishop, his character, 185.
Chichester Cathedral, fall of the spire at,
Choir, meaning of the word, 78; its original
extent at Wells, ib.; in Somersetshire
churches often unworthy of the nave,
80; practice of lengthening in the thir-
teenth century, 108; change in the site
at Wells, 110; recasting of clerestory
and triforium, 111; character of the
roof, 112; objectionable arrangements of,
at Wells, 155, 167.
Choristers, house of, see Organists' house.
Christ Church, Hampshire, arrangement
of towers at, 182.
Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, his rule for
canons, 32, 165.
Cities, their greater importance on the
Continent than in England, 12.
Clement the Seventh, Pope, his bull for
the suppression of monasteries, 185.
Cloister, difference of, in regular and secu-
lar churches, 83; date of that at Wells,
83, 84; needed in a monastery, but not
in a secular church, 31, 32.
Cloister, originally of wood, 84; Lady
chapel in, rebuilt by Bishop Stillington,
144; original building of, 172; orders of
Chapter about, ib.
Close wall, destruction of, 143.
Cnut, King, his favour to Bishop Duduc,
26, 28.
Collegiate Churches, meaning of the word,
10; suppression of, 149.
Collinson's History of Somersetshire, its
misrepresentation of the story of Harold
and Gisa, 27; list of canons in, 188.
Combe, bought by Gisa, 31; Prebends of,
Congé d'élire, meaning of the word, 16,
164; distinguished from the letter mis-
sive, 25, 164.
Congresbury, fabulous Bishoprick at, 14;
history of the lordship, 28, 29.
Corporate Isolation, spirit of, its effects,
Corps, meaning of the word, 51.
Coventry Cathedral, canons substituted for
monks at, 173.
Coventry, apse of Saint Michael's Church
at, 130; crumbling stone used in the
church of, 135; origin of the city, 185.
Coventry and Lichfield, joint Bishoprick
of, 46; destruction of the Church of
Coventry, 64.
Crediton, see of, removed to Exeter, 35
Cromwell, Thomas, Lord, his share in the
suppression of monasteries, 147; holds
the Deanery of Wells, 148; enforces the
payments of Residentiaries, 175.
Crypt, see Undercroft.
Cynewulf, spurious charter of, 15, 164.
Daventry Priory, suppression of, 185.
Dean, foundation of the office, 50, 168;
how appointed in various churches, 54;
its duties, 55, 56; effects of its founda-
tion, 63; office at Wells held by Thomas
Cromwell, 148; estates alienated under
Edward the Sixth, 150, 168; re-endowed
and the old estates recovered, 150;
rights of, under the charter of Elizabeth,
187; appointment of, transferred to the
Crown, 188.
Deaneries held by laymen, 148.
·Deanery House built by Dean Gunthorpe,
Dimock, Mr., 77; quoted, 140, 183.
Domesday, its account of the lands of the
Church of Wells, 33, 166.
Dorchester, Bishoprick of, 163.
Drokensford, John, Bishop, deed of his
quoted, 179.
Duduc, Bishop of Somersetshire; his fa-
vour with Cnut, 26, 28; his bequests
to his church, 28; a Saxon by birth, 165;
his tomb, 166.
Dunstan, Saint, builds the stone church of
Glastonbury, 24, 164.
Durham, analogy of its history with that
of Wells, 3.
Eadgar, King, brings in monks at Bath,
36.
Eadgyth, wife of Eadward the Confessor,
her grants to Gisa, 31.
Eadward the Confessor, his favour to
Bishop Duduc, 26; his grants to Gisa,
31, 165; introduces the Norman style
into England, 48; his church at West-
minster the great model, 69.
Eadward the Elder founds the Bishoprick
of Somersetshire, 13.
Ealdhelm, first Bishop of Sherborne,
164.
Early Gothic Style, two forms of, in Wells
Cathedral, 74-77; peculiar character of,
in Somersetshire and South Wales, 75.
East Ends, various kinds of, 130.
Edward the Sixth, act of, for the sup-
pression of colleges and Chantries, 142,
149; robbery of ecclesiastical bodies
under, 148.
Elizabeth, Queen, her charters to the
Vicars, 140; to the Chapter, 151.
Ely Cathedral, style of, 75; loss of the
spire at, 129; east end of, 130; size of
the triforium, 134; arrangement
tower at, 182.
Embezzlement, various instances of, 39.
Erghum, Ralph, Bishop, incorporates the
College of Chantry Priests, 141, 142.
Eton College receives lands of Alien Prio-
ries, 185.
Evercreech, Bishop's house at, 37.
Evesham, its parliamentary rivalry with
Wells, 4-5, 163.
Ewenny Priory, roof of the Church,
Fitz-Williams, Dean, surrenders the es-
tates of the Deanery, 186.
Fontanenses Episcopi, Bishops of Somer-
setshire, so known at Rome, 45.
Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor, his dispute
with Pope Hadrian the Fourth, 169.
Gates, Sir John, dismantles the hall of the
palace, 179; beheaded, 186.
Gerent, King of Cornwall, defeated by
Ine, 164.
Gervase, historian of Canterbury, quoted,
Gisa, Bishop of Somersetshire, his quarrel
with Earl Harold, 27-29, 165; his birth
in Lorraine, 30; increases the revenues
of his church, 31; makes his canons
follow the rule of Chrodegang, 31-33;
his buildings, 33.
Gisa, his gifts to the canons, 33; his death
and burial, 34; his account of the Old-
English church, 67.
Glastonbury, its whole history gathers
round the Abbey, 3; permanence of the
British Monastery at, 18; its original
wooden church, 19, 164; stone church
of Dunstan, 24; annexed to Bath by
Savaric, 70, 71; formed part of the style
of the Bishops, 70, 71; again separated
from Bath and Wells, 71; surrenders
estates to Jocelin, 71; style of the Early
Gothic of the Abbey, 75; cloister of
wood, 84; goodness of the stone at, 135;
suppression of the Monastery, 147; des-
troyed by Edward, Duke of Somerset,
149; relation of the Bishops to, 171;
antiquity of the foundation, 177; central
tower propped as at Wells, 178.
Gloucester Abbey, vault in, built by the
Monks' own hands, 81, 172; west
Gloucester and Bristol, joint Bishoprick
of, 46.
Godele, John, Dean, his share in repairing
the choir, 180.
Godfrey, Bishop of Bath, his birth in
Lower Lorraine, 43; his character, ib. ;
he tries to recover the canons' lands, ib.
Godwin, Bishop, his catalogue of Bishops
quoted, 28, 56-57; 113-134.
Gower, Bishop, his works at Saint David's,
Green, Mr. J. R., quoted, 165, 170, 184.
Grey of Wark, Lord, preserves Wells
Cathedral in Monmouth's rebellion, 4.
Grosmont, Monmouthshire, state of the
church at, 8.
Gunthorpe, John, Dean, builds the Dean-
ery, 142, 183.
Gwent, meaning of the name, 17, 164.
Haddan, Mr. A. W., quoted, 173.
Hadrian the Fourth, Pope, his dispute
with the Emperor Frederick, 169.
Harewell, John, Bishop, his share in build-
ing the South-west Tower, 122.
Harold, Earl, his quarrel with Bishop
Gisa, 27, 29, 165; his writ as King to
Gisa, 165; Gisa's view of his death, ib.
Henry the First, his charters to John de
Villulâ, 36, 37; his opposition to Bishop
Godfrey, 43.
Henry the Third, character of his reign,
105; promotes the illegal election of
Bishop Roger, 106; his grant to the
Church of Wells, 172.
Henry the Fifth, suppression of monas-
teries under, 147.
Henry the Eighth, character of his reign,
145-147; suppression of monasteries
under, 147; enforces the payments of
Residentiaries, 175.
Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester,
holds the Abbey of Glastonbury with the
Bishoprick, 44; helps Bishop Robert in
his reforms at Wells, 52.
Hereford Cathedral, loss of the spire at,
129; character of the east end, 130; loss
of the western tower, 131; position of
the Vicars and Minor Canons at, 140,
141; present good arrangement of, 158;
choir screen at, 159; its arrangement of
towers, 182.
Hermann, Bishop, joins the sees of Sher-
borne and Ramsbury, and removes the
see to Old Sarum, 31, 165.
Hildebert, Provost, embezzles the property
of the canons, 39, 166.
Historiola de Primordiis Episcopatûs
Somersetensis, quoted, 28, 47.
Honorary Canons, proposed extension of
their rights in the new foundations, 189.
Howden Collegiate Church, octagonal
Chapter-house at, 176.
Hugh, Bishop of Chester, substitutes ca-
nons for monks at Coventry, 173.
Ilminster, lost prebend of, 174.
Ine, his victories over the Welsh, 14;
founds Taunton, ib.; probably founds the
|