medical colleges to which they may be regarded as sub-ed in the messages of several governors of states, and sidiary.

The condition of American law schools can hardly be gathered with sufficient accuracy to enable us to present a regular statement concerning them. They are all of recent origin, and are here presented rather to give a ground to conjecture what will in future be the method of conducting legal studies than to show what is the course now pursued. It is probable that in a very great proportion of cases the old method of gleaning up scraps and fragments of knowledge from the details of business and from irregular application amidst the confusion of the lawyer's office is still pursued. In some instances the law academies enumerated in the following list are merely associations of members of the bar and students, for mutual improvement in their sturent service; where of course he had every thing to dies by discussions and moot courts.

Williamsbr.

Charleston,

22

2

Williamsburg, Va.
Staunton, Va.
Charleston, S. C.
Lexington, Ky.

41

33

22

9

201

acted on by colleges, academies, and private institutions. The fact just stated proves, that reflecting men perceive a capital defect in the system heretofore pursued, to have been the want of a distinct recognition of the business of education as a permanent and honorable pursuit, and the absence of all regular preparation for the duties of instruction. This evil has not been confined to any one class of institutions, but has proved as detrimental to the true interests of the colleges as of the common schools. In the former, it has frequently happened that a man of some other profession has been taken from the ranks of his own calling, and set up at once with the title, dignity, and emoluments of a commander in chief in a totally diffelearn, and where his previous habits had done any thing but qualify him for the arduous duties of instruc tion. The folly of those who seleet is 'only equalled in such cases by the "modest assurance' of those who accept their appointment.

As a means of advancing the interests of general education, recourse has been had to conventions and associations among the teachers ond other friends of the cause, who, by deliberation and the free interchange of opinions, have done much to rouse attention to the various topics connected with the subject-have diffused much useful light and information, and created a more liberal and worthy spirit of regard to the public provision for education. To the city of Boston is due the credit of having called the first literary convention for the promotion of this honorable cause. This step was to have been expected from a city which may be styled not more emphatically the cradle of liberty than that of universal education.

Other convocations for similar purposes have since been held, and have doubtless conferred mich benefit on the parties concerned, as well as on those over whom they exercise a control. If they have done no more in Under the head of professional schools we ought some instances than prove how discordant were the preperhaps to class the military and naval school estab-vious opinions of their members, and how far the syslishments of the country. Of the latter, indeed, we should have little to say, as they have not yet come into being, except in the form of casual arrangements for teaching on board the national vessels and at some of

the naval stations.

tems and methods pursued in many seminaries are removed from the perfection of which they are susceptible, they will have overcome at least one of the pre-existing obstacles to improvement. The convention at Boston resulted in the establishment of a society termThe military academy at West Point is the only es-ed the "American Institute of Instruction," the memtablishment of that description for the service of the army. Its usefulness and eminence are justly deemed the pride of the nation. It sends forth annually about 30 or 40 graduates, and the whole number of cadets in

1831 was 222.

6. Societies for the improvement of education.-The thoughts and reflections of American citizens have for the last twenty years been frequently called to every branch of the subject, both of education and instruction. The claims of education, moral, intellectual, and physical, have been urged with a zeal worthy of the cause, and with a devotedness which makes ultimate success the certain reward of all human effort. The divisions and subdivisions of the subject have claimed each the labors of many vigorous minds, and though much, very much, yet remains to be done in order to realize the wishes of the wise and good in this particular, the cause is unquestionably making advancement at a speed far more encouraging than at any former period. It may be mentioned as a curious coincidence, illustrative of the rising interest of the subject, that in the year 1825, on one topic in education, the formation of schools for teachers, which had previously been hardly mentioned in public, no less than four distinct publications appeared simultaneously in as many different and distant states, without concert or co-operation on the part of their authors.

These pamphlets were read with attention, became the subjects of frequent comment, and the matters of which they treated have already (1832) been presentVOL. X. 34

bers of which, "pledging their zealous efforts to promote the cause of popular education," proceeded to adopt a constitution liberal in its nature, and admirably calculated to insure the harmony and co-operation of all ingenuous minds.

While similar associations shall continue to be actuated by equally enlarged and patriotic views, and shall keep clear of all questions and discussions on which, from their very nature, no satisfactory decision can be had, they will doubtless contribute in the most effectual manner to the success of a cause which cannot but be regarded as of the highest individual and national importance.

Delaware and Chester-William Jackson,‡ Dr. James ris.+ Smith. +ş

ing, and to give additional light to the various apart- use of the commonwealth, approved the twenty-fifth ments contained within its walls. day of March, one thousand eight hundred and thirtyThe entrance from the south portico is into a circu-one, be and the same are hereby transferred and assign. lar vestibule, communicating immediately with the apartments of the Director and Treasurer, and the arched passages with those of the chief coiner, melter, and refiner, and with the rooms for receiving bullion and delivering coins. The passages communicate also by a marble stair-case in each wing, with the attic story, where are the apartments of the Assayers and Engra

vers.

The east flank and north section of the edifice contains the rooms appropriated to the operations of the chief coiner.

The operations of the melter and refiner are accommodated in a range of apartments extending 95 feet by 32. The principal melting room is an apartment of 37 feet by 32, and the process of gold and silver parting, for which a contracted space would be peculiarly unfit, is provided for in an apartment of 53 feet by 32.

The preparatory operations of the chief coiner are accommodated in two rooms for laminating ingots, of 55 feet by 40, opening to the north portico; the propelling steam power being placed in the basement story. A range of apartments extending 120 feet by 32 is appropriated to the more immediate operations of coinage, and the machinery connected therewith. The principal coinage room extends 37 feet by 32, being sufficiently capacious to contain ten coining presses.

ed to the common school fund; and that at the expiration of twelve months after the passage of this act, and regularly at the expiration of every twelve months thereafter, the State Treasurer shall report to the said commissioners, the amount of money thus received by him during the twelve months last preceding, together with a certificate of the amount thereof, and that the same is held by the commonwealth for the use of the common school fund, at an interest of five per cent.

SECT. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the interest of the monies belonging to said fund shall be added to the principal as it becomes due, and the whole amount thereof shall be held by the commonwealth, and remain subject to the provisions of an act entitled "An act relative to the Pennsylvania canal and rail-road." Approved twenty-second April, one thousand eight hundred and twenty nine, until the interest thereof shall amount to the sum of one hundred thousand dollars annually, after which the interest shall be annually distributed and applied to the support of common schools throughout this commonwealth, in such manner as shall hereafter be provided by law.

FREDK. SMITH.

GEORGE WOLF.

Speaker of the House of Representatives. The mint was established "for the purpose of a naWM. G. HAWKINS. tional coinage," with provisions obviously designed to Speaker of the Senate. attract by liberal facilities, an influx of the precious APPROVED-The second day of April, one thousand metals sufficient for an abundant currency. The_re-eight hundred and thirty-one. ports of the Director to the President of the United States, laid annually before congress, exhibit the extent to which the purposes of the institution have been accomplished, hitherto, with imperfect means and offer an auspicious promise of higher usefulness, under its extended powers, in future years.

AN ACT

PERKIOMEN BRIDGE.-We regret to state that the extensive new Bridge about being erected over the Perkiomen Creek, at Vanderslice's Ford, by the Commissioners of this county, after having been so far completed as to be passable for foot passengers, with a good roof over it, gave way in the centre and fell with a trebut the inconvience and disappointment much greater. -Norristown Herald.

Providing for the establishment of a general system of mendous crash into the water. The loss will be great,

education.

Sect. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That there shall be and there hereby is established a fund to be denominated a Common School Fund, and the Secretary of the Commonmonth, the Auditor General and the Secretary of the Land Officers shall be commissioners thereof, who or a majority of them, in addition to the duties they now perform, shall receive and manage such monies and other things as shall pertain to said fund in the most advantageous manner, and shall receive and hold to the use of said fund all such gifts, grants and donations as may be made to the same by private individuals or otherwise, and shall apply the same to the purposes which such gifts, grants and donations may be made; and that said commissioners shall keep a correct record of their proceedings, which together with all papers and documents relative to said fund, shall be kept and preserved in the office of the Auditor General.

for

SECT. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the passage of this act, all monies due and owing this commonwealth by the holders of unpatented lands; also all monies secured to the commonwealth by mortgages or lien on land for the purchase money of the same; also all moneys paid to the State Treasurer on any application hereafter entered on any warrant hereafter issued, or any patent hereafter granted for land, as also all fees received in the land office, as well as all monies received in pursuance of the provisions of the fourth section of an act entitled "An act to increase the county rates and levies for the

THE BEET BEAT.-In our last we had an extract from the York County Farmer, boasting of a large Beet raised in that county. One of the red species was pulled in the garden of the Misses Barber of this place, a few days ago, which weighed, after being trimmed, thirteen pounds. It was 18 inches long; 21 inches in circumference where it was the largest; and 13 at three inches from the small end. So the beet is beaten by six pounds.-Columbia Spy.

Abraham Miller 359 367 378 480 458 345 284 262 330 289 398 383 321 230 381 5265 William H.Keating 357 366 374 476 455 344 283 259 326 289 400 380 315 230 378 5234 William T. Smith 357 366 374 475 457 345 278 260 326 288 399 381 314 228 378 5226 George W. Toland 358 367 374 476 453 344 286 261 329 289 400 382 318 229 380 5249 Joseph G.Clarkson 357 365 374 473 452 343 283 257 318 287 393 377 314 227 377 5197 Benjamin Say 359 366 375 476 458 342 281 259 328 287 397 383 315 228 381 5235 Thomas F.Leaming 355 361 373 474 452 345 280 261 324 286 597 379 314 227 378 5206

SELECT COUNCIL. Thomas M. Pettit 416 260 304 308 238 135 192 208 165 William J. Duane 418 261 311 310 238 136 198 208 160 Roberts Vaux 413 261 301 310 241 137 190 209 158 Robert Taylor 417 262 298 309 238 135 192 209 161 I. Wainwright(2 y.)417 263 304 314 241 139 193 211 165

94 156 294 248 297 182 3497 93 151 296 250 297 182 3509 93 156 300 251 296 180 3496 95 152 295 249 297 182 3491 97 151 294 253 300 182 3524

John P. Wetherill 354 365 362 483 437 335 278 261 319 285 389 372 309 213 370 5132 Manuel Eyre 353 361 357 484 435 338 277 256 316 284 385 369 311 214 370 5110 Joseph R. Ingersoll 352 363 356 483 438 341 277 257 320 284 395 371 307 212 371 5127 Lawrence Lewis 348 359 354 382 434 336 272 256 318 286 387 369 310 212 366 5089 D. M'Creedy, (2y.) 346 358 348 473 425 326 269 250 314 283 380 366 303 207 361 5009

James Page

John M. Hood
John Patterson
Lewis Ryan
John Moss

Peter Fritz

James Fearon

COMMON COUNCIL. 404 261 303 313 239 138 180 209 161 406 262 304 311 242 136 183 211 162 407 263 301 313 240 136 182 211 161 407 263 301 311 241 137 184 212 166 405 263 301 308 240 135 183 210 168 408 264 301 312 240 135 177 206 154 404 263 301 311 240 136 177 209 161 Joseph Murray 407 264 301 314 238 139 177 210 162 Daniel Oldenburg 410 264 299 314 239 138 178 210 161 John Horn 407 264 300 311 238 134 182 209 162 Wm. E. Lehman 407 264 301 313 241 135 185 210 162 John T. Sullivan 403 259 301 311 237 135 178 206 153 Wm. J. Leiper 408 263 301 311 240 135 185 207 158 Michael Baker 408 263 301 317 244 139 186 209 162 Henry L. Coryell 405 264 302 312 239 140 179 207 158 George Fox 406 261 301 314 238 133 184 206 158 406 261 298 312 235 137 181 205 156 404 261 299 313 237 139 181 204 159 George W. Tryon 407 263 304 312 239 139 186 206 159 T. W. L. Freeman 407 262 297 310 236 133 180 205 159

John Crean, Jr.
T. C. Maberry

Henry Troth

98 160 296 258 293 183 3496 94 163 300 257 291 183 3505 94 160 298 258 291 188 3503 96 163 301 261 295 189 3527 94 167 305 260 294 188 3521 94 155 292 254 292 182 3465 94.160 294 254 292 183 3479 97 158 294 257 291 187 3496| 97 159 297 260 291 184 3501 95 160 291 257 290 184 3484 97 164 296 261 291 188 3515 95 158 289 250 287 177 3439 96 160 295 258 292 182 3491 96 158 299 260 293 191 3526 94 157 294 255 290 184 3480 91 159 297 260 293 184 3485 94 156 297 260 292 187 3477 93 155 293 254 290 181 $463 95 157 295 261 292 188 3503 94 156 291 250 288 184 3452

350 369 359 472 439 337 285 261 325 284 393 369 313 220 372 5148 Robert M'Mullen 346 364 359 469 439 337 281 257 320 284 391 364 207 221 370 5109 Samuel V. Merrick 349 360 359 474 400 339 283 256 316 286 387 366 310 218 368 5111 John J. Borie 345 363 359 473 439 338 280 255 319 281 390 364 306 220 366 5098 (Continued.)

Ephraim Haines

John Maitland

Henry Sailor

S. P. Wetherill

441

Joseph R. Chandler 349

439

Isaac Elliott

347

James Gowen

John Byerly

Joseph Aken

Joseph B. Smith

Robert Toland

Benj. H. Yarnall

John Gilder

350 367 361 474 440 340 280 256 323 285 390 365 310 218 368 5127 345 362 345 466 438 337 275 254 321 283 386 359 301 213 357 5042 353 363 359 471 436 338 279 256 322 284 389 363 309 218 370 5110 351 364 360 469 338 282 259 319 286 393 370 311 220 370 5133 365 360 471 338 286 254 324 285 391 371 311 219 369 5132|| 364 361 473 439 339 281 254 322 282 393 369 311 219 375 5129 344 352 345 450 424 318 263 251 317 270 384 357 304 208 353 4940 Thos. W. Morris 347 362 360 472 440 338 281 255 323 285 388 366 310 219 369 5115 Dr. R. M. Huston 346 361 358 472 440 337 279 255 320 283 364 309 217 367 5097 348 362 359 471 433 338 280 254 323 367 310 219 369 5102 345 362 356 469 436 329 277 278 371 360 309 217 360 David Lapsley, Jr. 347 363 360 471 440 338 281 256 323 286 389 368 309 220 369 5120| 346 362 360 469 435 339 280 252 321 283 387 366 308 218 364 5090 350 365 360 472 438 340 282 259 324 287 394 369 311 219 373 5143 344 363 355 472 440 338 279 255 323 285 389 367 310 220 368 5108 247 365 359 473 436 338 279 255 319 279 381 361 307 219 363 5081

389

282

387

On the same day, at Harrisburg, Mr. GEORGE WELSHOFLER, brother of the above deceased.

A messenger was despatched to Harrisburg to invite the brother of Welshoffer to the funeral. A messenger was also despatched from Harrisburg, for the purpose of inviting Jacob to come to the fuel of his brother George. The messengers met at Middletown, and upon making known to each other their errand, it appeared that these two brothers had departed for another and better world, within ten minutes of each other.