THE FOUR P's. N I * Palmer Speaketh. OW God be here; who kepeth this place? Of reafon I must few for grace, Whiche of my lyfe muche part have spent As pilgryms do of good intent. 6 At Hierufalem have I bene Before Chryfte's bleffed fepulture: The mount of Calvary have I fene 7, A holy place ye may be fure. To Jofaphat and Olyvete3, On Palmer] "The difference between a pilgrim and a palmer was "thus: The pilgrim had fome home or dwelling place; but the palmer "had none. The pilgrim travelled to fome certain defigned place or "places; but the palmer to all. The pilgrim went at his own charges; "but the palmer profeffed wilful poverty, and went upon alms. The 66 pilgrim might give over his profeffion, and return home; but the palmer "must be conftant till he had obtained the palm, that is, victory over all "fpiritual enemies, and life by death, and thence his name Palmer, or "elfe from a ftaff, or boughs of palm, which he always carried along "him." Staveley's Roman Horfeleech, 1769, p. 93. 2 few you] fue now, edition 1569. 3 ye] you, edit. 1569. 4bave] hath, ift edit. 5 fayre and farrel far and faire, edit. 1569. Hierufalem] Jerufalem, edit. 1569. 7 bave I] I have, edit. 1569. To Jofaphat and Olyvete,] Maundevile thus mentions thefe places. "And towards the Eft fyde, withoute the walles of the cytee (i. e. Jeru "falem) is the vale of Jofaphathe, that touchethe to the walles, as thoughe "it were a large dyche. And anen that vale of Jofaphathe out of the cytee, is the chirche of Seynt Stevene, where he was stoned to dethe." VOL. I. D "Volags 66 On fote, God wote, I went ryght bare: Before thys carkes coulde 9 come thare. At Saynt Toncomber and Saynt Tronion 12: At Saynt Bothulph 13 and Saynt Anne of Buckfton 14, 1 Voiage and Travaile, 8vo. 1725, p. 96. "And above the vale, is the "mount of Olyvete: and it is cleped fo, for the plentee of olyves, that growen there. That mount is more highe than the cytee of Jerufalem ❝is; and therfore may men upon that mount, fee many the ftretes of the " cytee. And betwene that mount and the cytee, is not but the vale of fofaphathe, that is not fulle large. And fro that mount, feighe oure "Lord Jefu Crift to hevene, upon Afcencioun-day: and zit there fchew"ethe the fchapp of his left foot in the fton." Voiage and Travaile, 8vo. 1725, p. 116. 9 coulde] would, edit. 1569. 10 the flatyons (ftationes, or jurnee)] Anfwered to the stages between London and Rome, or Holy Land; of which there is a map in a Ms. of Math. Paris Roy. Libr. 14 C. VII. and Benet. Coll. c. ix. and Pl. VII. Brit. Topog. vol. I. p. 85. G. 10* Rodes] Rhoees, an ifland to which the Knights Hofpitallers, now Knights of Malta, retired, on being driven out of Jerufalem. Amias] Probably Emaus, near Jerufalem. 12 Saynt Tancomber and Saynt Tronion] Of thefe faints, or places, I can give no account. 13 Saynt Bothulpb] Saint Bothulph is faid to have been born in Cornwall, and was eminent for working miracles about the time of Lucius. He was buried at Bofton, in Lincolnshire. 14 Saynt Anne of Bucksten] "Within the parish of Bacwell, in Derbythyre, is a chappel (Somtyme dedicated to St. Anne), in a place called "Bucfton, wheare is a hotte bathe, of fuch like qualitie as thofe men"tioned in Bathe be. Hyther they ware wont to run on pilgrimage, afcrib ❝inge to St. Anne miraculously, that thinge which is in that and fondrye ❝other waters naturally." Lambarde's Dictionarium, p. 48. Drayton says, I can again produce those wondrous wells "Of Bucfton, as I have, that most delicious fount On the hylles of Armeny, where I faw 15 Noe's arke **; "Which men the fecond Bath of England do account, is faw] fee, ift edition. And Paly Olbion, Song xxvi. 16 hylles of Armeny, where I faw Noe's arke;]" And fo paffe men be "this Ermonie, and entren the fee of Perfie. Fro that cytée of Artyroun, go men to an hille that is clept Sobifocolle. And there befyde is an "other hille, that men clepen Ararathe: but the Jewes clepen it Taneez z "where Noes fchipp refted, and zit is upon that montayne: and men may "feen it a ferr, in cleer wedre! and that montayne is wel a 7 myle highe. "And fum men feyn, that thei háu seen and touched the fchipp; and put here fyngres in the parties, where the feend went out, whan that Noe "feyde, Benedicite. But they that feyn fuche wordes, feyn here' wille : "for a man may not gon up the montayne, for gret plentee of fnow, that is alle weys on that montayne; nouther fomer ne wynter: fo that no “man may gon up there, ne nevere man dide, fithe the tyme of Noe, faf 66 a monk, that, be the grace of God, broughte on of the plankes doun; "that zit is in the mynitre, at the foot of the montayne." Maundevile's Voiage and Travaile, 1727, p. 179. 11 Saynt George in Southwarke] Formerly belonging to the priory of Bermondsey. See Stow's Survey. 18 Waltam] The famous holy Cross of Waltham; which tradition fays was difcovered in the following manner: A carpenter, in the reign of Canute, living at Lutegaretbyry, had a vifion in the night of Chrift crucified, by whom he was commanded to go to the parish priest, and direct him to walk, accompanied with his parishioners, in folemn pro-' ceffion to the top of an adjoining hill, where on digging they would find a croís the very fign of Chrift's paffion. The man neglecting to perform the orders of the image was vifited by it a second time, and his hands? were then griped in fuch a manner, that the marks remained fome time after. He then acquainted the priest, and, as they were ordered, they proceeded to the place pointed out, where they difcovered a great marble, having in it of black flint the image of the crucifix. They then informed the lord of the manor of the transaction; and he immediately refolved to fend the cross first to Canterbury, and afterwards to Reading; but on attempting to draw it to these places, although with the force of twelve red oxen, and as many white kine, it was found impracticable, and he was obliged to defift. He then determined to fix it at Waltham, and immediately the wain began to move thither of itself. In the way many perfons were healed of diforders; and the relick foon became much reforted to by the pilgrims on account of the miracles performed by it. Lambarde's Dictionarium Anglia Topographicum & Hiftoricum, 4to. 1739, p. 431. 19 Wallyngham] "Walfingham, in Norfolk, where was anciently an Da "image And at the good rood 20 of Dagnam 21; At Saynt Cornelys 22; at Saynt James in Gales 23; image of the Virgin Mary, famous over all Europe for the numerous "pilgrimages made to it, and the great riches it poffeffed. Erafmus has "given a very exact and humorous defcription of the fuperftitions prac"tifed there in his time. See his Account of the VIRGO PARATHA“. "LASSIA, in his Coloquy, intitled, PEREGRINATIO RRLIGIONIS ERGO. "He tells us, the rich offerings in filver, gold, and precious ftones, that 66 were there fhewn him, were incredible; there being scarce a perfon "of any note in England, but what fome time or other paid a vifit, or "fent a prefent, to our LADY OF WALSINGHAM. At the diffolution of "the monafteries, in 1538, this splendid image, with another from Ipf-› "wich, was carried to Chelfea, and there burnt in the presence of com"miffioners." See Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. II. p. 79. Robert Longland, in Pier's Plowman's Vifions, 1550, p. 1. fays, 3 "Hermets on a heape, wyth hoked staves, "Wenten to Walfingham, and her wenches after. See alfo Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 131. 29 rood] Hearne, in his Gloffary to Peter Langtoft, p. 544. under the word cross, obferves, that although the cross and the rood are commonly taken for the fame, yet the rood properly fignified formerly the image of Christ on the crofs, fo as to reprefent both the crofs and the figure of our bleffed Saviour as he fuffered upon it. The roods that were in churches and chapels were placed in fhrines, that were ftyled Rood-lofts. "Roodloft (faith Blount) a fhrine, whereon was placed the cross of Chrift. "The rood was an image of Christ on the cross, made generally of wood, " and erected in a loft for that purpose, juft over the paffage out of the "church into the chancel." But rood-loft fometimes alfo fignifies a fhrine, on which was placed the image or relicks of a faint, becaufe generally a crucifix, or a cross, used likewife to attend fuch image or relicks. 21 Dagnam] i. c. Dagenham, in Effex. 22 Saynt Cornelys Saint Cornelys, according to the Legenda Aurea fucceeded Fabyan in the papacy, and was beheaded in the reign of Decian, for refusing to facrifice in the Temple of Mars. There was a fraternity in his honour at Westminster. See their pardon, Brit. Top. I. 772. 23 Saynt James in Gales] Weever, in his Funeral Monuments, p. 172. obferves, that "the Italians, yea thofe that dwell neare Rome, will "mocke and scoffe at our English (and other) pilgrims that go to Rome "to fee the Pope's holineffe, and St. Peter's chaire, and yet they them"felves will runne to fee the reliques of Saint James of Compofiella in the "kingdom of Galicia, in Spaine, which is above twelve hundred Eng"lith miles." See also Dr. Geddes's Tracts. And |