An interesting little publication, in opposition to the power of Congress, is "A Catechism on the Tariff for the use of Plain People of Common Sense. Political Tract No. 3, September, 1831. Published by the States' Rights and Free Trade Association, Charleston, 1831." (Lenox). This pamphlet does not discuss the law or history of tariff enactments, but summarizes a few points of the controversy in the form of questions and answers.
Perhaps of some slight bibliographical interest, on the affirmative side of the question is, the "Address to the Friends of Domestic Industry assembled in Convention at New York, October 26, 1831, to the people of the United States. Published by order of the Convention, Baltimore, November 10, 1831" (Lenox), in favor of protection.
And on the same side is John Melish's little pamphlet entitled "Letter to James Monroe, Esq., President of the United States, on the State of the Country, with a Plan for improving the condition of Society." Philadelphia, June 1, 1820 (Lenox). Mr. Melish apparently believed that society could be regenerated by a protective tariff.
But a very different opinion is expressed by Mr. John Taylor, of Virginia, in Tyranny Unmasked, Washington City, 1822 (Lenox). It is interesting to learn from this book, that the "captains of industry" have suffered a reduction of rank in eighty years since Mr. Taylor's book was published; for in his time they were, the "generals of the industrial army.'
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Calhoun, John C. (Continued):
257; his draft of South
Carolina exposition of the
tariff, 273.
CANALS, clause providing for
construction of, defeated in
the Convention, 131; Gal-
latin's plans for, 254.
CARRINGTON, EDWARD, on the
purposes of the members of
the Constitutional Conven-
tion, 91.
CATECHISM on the tariff for
South Carolina, 273.
"CENTINEL" favors a great
power of Congress over com-
merce, 142.
COMMERCE, Condition of, prior
to the Convention of 1787,
1-3; proposals to regulate,
development of, 10, 11, 24-
34, 64-68.
COMMERCE CLAUSE OF THE
CONSTITUTION, broad scope
given to it by the Consti-
tutional Convention, 93, 94;
development of, in the Con-
vention, 122-127; compared
with earlier proposals, 133-
136; in the State conven-
tions, 137-152; "Agrippa's"
views on, 148-150;
Cen-
tinel" on, 142.
COMMERCE, FOREIGN, Con-
federation had little con-
trol over, 5, 13; close con-
nection with interstate, in
the eighteenth century, 2-4.
COMMERCE, INTERSTATE,
closely connected with
foreign commerce in the
eighteenth century, 2-4;
Congress of the Confederation
(Continued):
ment on, 48-62; Hartford
Convention favors grant of
duties to, 30; necessary
powers of, considered, 24-
34; various proposals (1785,
1786) for increasing powers
of, 35-47; grant of exclusive
powers over commerce pro-
posed by Rhode Island, 28;
grant of exclusive powers
over commerce proposed by
Monroe's and Pinckney's
committees, 38-47.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED
STATES, decisions of the
Supreme Court on the
powers of, 214; on the im-
plied powers of, 215; on
the extent of the commer-
cial power of, 218; on the
equality of the power of,
over foreign and over in-
terstate commerce, 219; on
the "border-land" between
authority of Congress and
of the States, 222; on power
of, to erect corporations, 227;
on power of, to construct
highways of interstate com-
merce, 229; on power of, to
lay protective duties, 232; on
power of, to prohibit com-
CONNECTICUT PLAN of a Con-
stitution, commerce clause
in, 135.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
STATES, not a trade con-
vention, iv-vii; originates
in the fears of an aristocracy,
v, vi, 86, 87, 88, 100; and
the protective tariff, 16
(and see Protective Tariff);
Quincy's practical view of,
17; practical views of
CONSTITUTION, AMENDMENTS
OF, proposed by Madison,
162; considered in the First
Congress, 163; Tenth
Amendment considered in
the First Congress, 165, 166;
amendments prohibiting cre-
ation of monopolies pro-
posed by five States, 129,
146.
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVEN-
TION, THE, dominated by
nationalists, 88-93, 100-
107, 111-115; purposes of
members of, 91, 92; rep-
resented the higher classes
of society, 100; members of,
generally desired to vest
great specific powers in the
central government, 106-
119; adopts Virginia plan,
III-115; adopts "necessary
and proper clause, 115;
commerce clause in, 122-
136.
CONVENTION, CONSTITUTION-
AL, see Constitutional
Convention.
CORPORATIONS, clause pro-
viding for creating, defeated
in the Constitutional Con-
vention, 131; power of Con-
gress to create, is implied,
175-177, 227.
"COUNTERVAILING
LEGISLA-
TION" of the several States,
14, 15, 65.
EMBARGO measures in Wash-
ington's second administra-
tion, 185-188; in Jefferson's
second administration, 193-
210; summary of laws en-
acted in Jefferson's second
administration, 194, 195,
197, 199; embargo policy
breaks down through fear of
disunion, 200; inconsistent
attitude of the Federalists
toward, 202, 203; summary
of constitutional arguments
for and against, 203-206;
Judge Davis' decision on
constitutionality of, 206-
209; constitutionality of, con-
sidered by the Supreme
Court, 234, 235.
HARTFORD CONVENTION favors
grant of power to Congress
to impose duties, 30.
HIGHWAYS OF INTERSTATE
COMMERCE, see Internal
Improvements.
HILL'S, WILLIAM, Protective
Purpose of the Tariff Acts of
1789, 271; Early Stages of
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