given his name to the country in which he landed; and we know that in Strabo's opinion the ancient Enotria extended from the Sicilian strait to Tarentum and Pæstum; and the opinion of Antiochus is also stated by him. Now, without troubling the reader by stating and refuting different hypotheses, I will leave him to satisfy himself, if he can, why Enotrus-whether he agreed or disagreed with his brother, whether he wished to settle near him or far from him, whether he knew the coast or not,―came round to the western coast of Italy. If notrus really did perform this voyage, and if the two settlements were really made at this time, what shall we think of Strabo, who defended Homer against Eratosthenes? what shall we think of Eratosthenes, who took no notice of these settlements? what shall we think of Herodotus and his Phocæan manners, and the Phocæan settlement of Velia? what shall we think of Thucydides, who, not contented with not contradicting the statements of Hermocrates and Athenagoras, tells us that the passage of the Sicilian strait was deservedly thought dangerous?

But we will proceed once more with Enotrus. On the coast of the Western gulf he found much land fit for grazing, and much fit for the plough, unoccupied for the most part, and but thinly peopled, where it was occupied. Having cleared the barbarians away from part of it, he founded small and contiguous towns in the mountains after the ancient fashion. The territory which he acquired was large, and the whole of it was called Enotria, and all his subjects were called Enotri : this being their third change of name, for under zeüs they were called Æzei, and Lycaones under Lycaon; and having emigrated to Italy under notrus, they were for some time called Œnotri.3 Triptolemus, a satiric drama of Sophocles, is quoted in proof of this last assertion. Strabo, however, informs us, that notria was so called before the Greeks arrived there; and he likewise instances the Triptolemus of Sophocles, and the Baccha of Euripides, to show the inaccurate geography of these poets. Sophocles, however, does not warrant any of the nonsense of Dionysius. That a part of Italy was formerly called Enotria is evident; but if all Enotria was to receive Triptolemus, the

1 Lib. v. and vi.

2 Lib. iv. c. 24.

3 I know not whether the similarity between Lycaones and Lucani led Dionysius to fancy that the notri were called Lycaones.

In his 6th book, 2nd section, he says, that before the Hellenes came into Italy there were no Lucani, but that the Chones and Enotri inhabited the places.

5 Lib. i.

inference is, that Enotrus had not introduced cultivation there: an inference, in support of which Isocrates and Diodorus may be quoted, but which, as far as Sophocles is concerned, will need no other support than the absurdity of supposing that a drama acted at Athens and written by an Athenian, meant to contradict the popular story of Ceres and Triptolemus, and to represent the Arcadian acorn-eaters as the first cultivators of Italy, even when a passage, to which Dionysius refers, proves that Triptolemus was to sow there the fruits given him by Ceres. The quotation from Antiochus is as little to the purpose, for it says nothing about Enotrus; and if the ancient Enotria is to be limited to the Italy of that writer, its limits will be found in the following quotation from Aristotle's Polity.

Messing together appears to be of old institution. In Crete it took place under Minos, and in Italy much earlier. For the learned of its inhabitants say that one Italus was king of Enotria, from whom the Enotri were called Itali; and the coast of Europe lying within the Scylletic and Sametic gulfs was called Italy: these gulfs are half a day's journey from each other. They say that this Italus made the Enotri, who then were Nomades, agriculturists; and that besides other institutions he first appointed messing together: on which account certain of his descendants still mess together, and use some of the laws."

2

What is implied in the expression—τὸν Ἰταλὸν νομάδας τοὺς Οίνωτροὺς ὄντας ποιῆσαι γεωργούς ? Larcher quotes Hippocrates to show that the Nomades are so called, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν οἰκήματα, ἀλλ ̓ év áμážais oixeũσiv, &c. And Adam Smith observes, "Nations of Shepherds have commonly no fixed habitation, but live either in tents, or in a sort of covered waggons, which are easily transported from place to place. Agriculture, even in its rudest and lowest state, supposes a settlement, some sort of fixed habitation, which cannot be abandoned without great loss."

The expression of Aristotle will imply, therefore, that, according to his information, Italus was the first who civilised the Enotri; and the learned of Italy knew nothing of notrus, and his arable lands, and his small and contiguous towns. It remains to show that the Aborigines of Latium have nothing to do with Enotrus or Arcadia, and that Dionysius has made a very unwarrantable use of the names of Cato and Varro.

Lib. vii. c. 10.

2 Wealth of Nations, Book v. chap. 1.

TRANSLATION OF ATHENÆUS.

It is a circumstance in the annals of classical literature, known, as we believe, to very few, that the late Richard Fenton, Esq. F.A.S. (who in 1810 published a quarto "History of Pembrokeshire,") had devoted many years to a translation of Athenæus, which he completed shortly before his death; and we have reason to think that the manuscript is now in possession of his son, the Rev. Samuel Fenton, vicar of Fishguard, in Pembrokeshire. By a gentleman who had long enjoyed the pleasure of an intimate acquaintance with Mr. Fenton, we have been assured that his attainments as a classical scholar eminently qualified him for the task which he had undertaken; more particularly his critical knowlege of the Greek language and his antiquarian skill, which enabled him to illustrate, by numerous notes of elaborate erudition, the obscure and difficult passages that so frequently occur in his favorite author. Whether the public are to benefit by the result of Mr. Fenton's labors, or whether the manuscript is still to moulder in obscurity, we take this opportunity of inquiring from some intelligent correspondent of the Classical Journal, what transla tions of Athenæus have hitherto appeared in the English, or any other modern language ?-and, extending the range of inquiry, I have been often tempted to suggest, as a subject that would interest multitudes of readers, an account of all the translations hitherto made from the ancient Greek writers into English, French, German, Italian, &c. This account might be given in successive numbers of the Classical Journal; and would, indeed, furnish ample materials for a volume of considerable size if compiled with accuracy: the various editions of different translations being noticed faithfully, with observations on their respective merits and defects; and brief anecdotes of the translators themselves, whenever their history afforded any circumstance worthy of particular remark. That such a compilation would prove most acceptable to thousands besides "ladies and country gentlemen," (who, we may suppose, have forgotten their Greek,) is evident from the gratification which Larcher's Herodotus, Chaussard's or Rooke's Arrian, Langhorne's Plutarch, Cowper's or Pope's Homer, Smith's or Hobbes's Thucydides, Whiston's or L'Estrange's Josephus, and similar translations, have afforded to many readers perfectly capable of perusing the original works. And on the same principle might be recommended an enlargement of the plan, so

that it should comprehend a notice of all translations made from the ancient Latin writers. The facility of acquiring knowlege through the medium of translations, may, perhaps, encourage some indolent persons in their neglect of the learned languages; but we have ourselves known many instances where it was attended with a contrary effect: even those indolent readers are aware that the best translations would be rendered more instructive and more entertaining by the power of occasionally consulting the originals. To acquire this capability, an ingenious friend, whose literary education had, from extraordinary circumstances, been much neglected, was (although advanced beyond the meridian of life) induced by the perusal of Melmoth's Pliny to undertake the study of Latin; and in consequence of his success with respect to that language, he now aspires to the acquisition of Greek.

P.

NOTICE OF

Letters addressed to a Young Person in India, &c. By LIEUT.-COL. JOHN BRIGGS, late Resident at Satara. 8vo. Murray, 1828.

We are fully justified, by the entertainment which this volume has afforded to ourselves, in foretelling that it will interest a variety of readers besides those for whose benefit it was more particularly designed-young men, proceeding to Hindustan, or residing there, as writers or cadets in the East India Company's service. To such it must prove a manual indispensably necessary: while officers of the king's regiments, gentlemen engaged in commercial speculations, persons, in short, of every description, civil or military, living among the natives of India, will find it equally useful and instructive.

The twenty-three Letters which form this work, and the excellent "Notes of Instructions" by Sir John Malcolm, given in the manner of an appendix, contain such admirable lessons as may enable any European, even of moderate capacity, so to regulate his conduct that he may not only dwell in perfect safety, but with comfort, among the most prejudiced and superstitious of the Indian tribes. For those numerous readers of our Journal, whose destinies will never lead them to "fair

India's coast," we shall here notice a few of the many anecdotes interspersed through the Letters of this work. Reproving his young friend for having contemptuously applied the absurd appellation of "black fellows" to the whole Indian race, Col. Briggs relates a circumstance that happened within a few years. One Jemseijee, a Parsee of Bombay, had risen from the class of common ship-carpenters to be master builder in the Company's dock-yard; and in 1800 constructed a beautiful frigate of teak-wood for the king's service. "The vessel had been built solely by natives, and was a proud specimen of the perfection they had attained in their art. During the preparations for the launch, to which the governor and all the naval officers, of his Majesty's service were invited, it is said Jemseijee, having walked once or twice around the vessel, and elated at her completion in so good style, determined to commemorate the event, which he did in the following manner: having gone quietly below into the ship's hold, he caused these remarkable words to be carved on the inside on her kelson-This ship was built by a d-d black fellow, A.D. 1800.' The circumstance was unknown for some years afterwards, until the vessel was brought into dock, and Jemseijee mentioned the fact and pointed out the inscription." (p. 17.)-He also built, in 1810, the Minden, of 74 guns; and received in return from the Lords of the Admiralty a splendid vase, with a model of that ship as a handle to the cover.

The degrading custom of striking soldiers in the ranks (now happily discontinued in the British army) was once very prevalent among our Indian troops, and rendered it difficult to obtain recruits, unless from the lowest classes. Of the fatal consequences resulting from this injudicious practice, our ingenious author mentions some instances. Within his own recollection, the captain of a troop of cavalry struck the farrier, who was a Mahomedan; the man indignantly exclaimed, "Sir, is this treatment for a soldier?" "The blow was repeated, with abusive, language and kicks: the farrier, who was shoeing a horse at the time, and held the paring-instrument in his hand, (which in India resembles a sharp but strong sickle,) attacked his captain so desperately that he cut him in many places, and left him for dead. The man absconded; but was afterwards taken, tried, sentenced to death, and suffered but he could not be brought to confess that there was guilt in what he had done." (p. 42.) Many instances, and abundant proofs exist (and some are noticed by our author in his eighth letter), showing that the Indian soldiers entertain feelings of the strongest gratitude and