or both civil servants of the Company, to make experiments in chemistry, and for the construction of Galvanic batteries, &c. At twelve, he studies Sanscrit; at four his pundit arrives, and remains till six. He then walks, dines at seven, and closes the day by retiring at nine. This is his daily routine, and thus he appears to be employing his time agreeably to himself. I think that Indian literature has lost some of its charms in his view, although his correspondence evinces nothing of dissatisfaction in the prosecution of his journey, but quite the reverse. At Darwar he has four writers employed in copying manuscripts. With respect to his future plans, I know but little; as they must ever be subject to alteration, as circumstances point out one course as more desirable than another. After visiting the country to the south of Darwar, I imagine he will go to Madras; thence to Calcutta; perhaps to Canton and back; and, after an excursion into the interior towards Agra and Delhi, return to England, either by sea or through Persia."

But the plans here mentioned, if they had ever been under the consideration of Mr. H., were soon to be unhappily frustrated. On his leaving Darwar for a southerly direction, (whether for the purpose of seeing more of that part of the country, or of proceeding to some port in the south to embark for England, it is not certain,) on his arrival at the village of Sigaum, about forty miles from Darwar, he was taken alarmingly ill with a fever incident to the climate, which increased so rapidly on him as to terminate his existence before medical aid could arrive, on the 18th of December, 1825, in the twenty-fifth year of his age.

From his journal and other documents now in the possession of his friends, it appears that his death in these distant regions was not altogether unexpected by him; and there is reason to apprehend that his mind had been under a religious and resigned state some time previous to this very afflictive occurrence.

His library was left by will to different individuals; some portions of it to his friends and relations; but the Oriental department to the trustees of the British Museum, by whom it is highly and deservedly appreciated. This consists of rather more than one hundred and twenty manuscripts, and about six hundred volumes of printed books, many of both of which are of great curiosity. The manuscript collection is very rich in Persian poetry, and some of the manuscripts illuminated in the best oriental style. Beside Persian, there are many other Mss. in the collection in the Sanscrit, Chinese, Arabic, and Hindostanee languages; and one containing the Sha Nameh is particularly valued.

The various languages with which Mr. Hull was more or less acquainted, the writer is enabled, from a list in the hand-writing of his friend, to class pretty nearly according to the order and proficiency in which they were learnt:

{English, French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Persian,

Arabic, Sanscrit, Chinese.

Spanish, Portuguese, German, Dutch, Modern Greek, Hindostanee, Bengalee, Russian, Syriac, Chaldee.

Swedish, Icelandic, Turkish, Mid. Arabic, Malayan, Ethiopic,? Coptic, Samaritan, Gælic, Anglo-Saxon.

The memory of Mr. H. must of course have become very retentive, and his mind very assimilating, to prevent any intermixture or confusion of the words and idioms of one language with those of another; and perhaps a better instance than himself cannot be adduced to exhibit the improvement the memory is capable of from constant application and exercise. He has often, in mentioning this circumstance to the biographer, contrasted the strength of his memory at a later period with what it was when at school; being fully of the opinion entertained by some eminent men, among whom we may reckon Sir Wm. Jones and Sir Isaac Newton, that the memory and some other faculties of the mind may be enlarged and improved to an extent far beyond what is generally thought possible.

But however great his attainments in learning were, they were equalled, if not excelled, by a uniformly kind, amiable, and unassuming disposition, perhaps never surpassed by any other individual. His company was enlivening by a ready and playful wit. His generosity was unlimited; and, being in the enjoyment of a considerable income, he was able to dispense his bounty with a liberal hand. Few applications were ever made to him on behalf of the indigent, the unfortunate, or the deserving, without success. The poor in his neighborhood have cause long to remember him, while many charitable institutions have not escaped his notice and liberality: finally, it may be said of him in the language of a Grecian bard

Ἐκεῖνος ὅσα χάρματ' ἄλ

λοις ἔθηκεν, τίς ἂν φράσαι δύναιτο ;

T. G.

PHILOLOGICAL REMARKS on GREEK, LATIN, and CELTIC WORDS, in a Letter to a Friend, from the REV. THOS. PRICE, of Crickhowel, (Vicar of Cumdu, Brecknockshire,) containing some Strictures on COL. KENNEDY'S "Researches into the Origin and Affinity of Languages."

As

As you wish to know some reasons for the opinion which I lately expressed respecting Colonel Vans Kennedy's system of philology, the following are offered from among several others.

On inspection of the Table of Contents, it appeared that the author had devoted a whole chapter to his examination of the Celtic; and as that was a subject very interesting to me, and most within the scope of my comprehension, I immediately proceeded to ascertain in what manner he treated it; and found so many errors and mis-statements, that I cannot place confidence in any of his assertions concerning those languages with which I am less intimately acquainted.

For instance, in the Colonel's work (page 80), the following statement is made:

"In the preceding hundred Celtic words, all primitives, and likely to occur in the most unimproved tongues, not one bears the remotest resemblance to the terms with which they are compared in six different languages. When, therefore, Celtic etymologists find it impossible to effect even the appearance of an identification of Celtic words with those of other languages, except by arbitrary changes, which are altogether inadmissible; and when the words which are unquestionably Celtic have not the slightest correspondence with those of any other tongue, it may be justly concluded that not a single language of Europe or Asia has been derived from the Celtic, or has even the least affinity with it."

Now, on reference to these hundred words, I found that the author had been at extraordinary pains to collect from the Celtic, and six other languages, synonymous words the most dissimilar in sound, to support his hypothesis respecting the difference of origin between the Celtic and those languages. But on examining the hundred words, I can at the first glance perceive that the major part of them prove the direct contrary of what the author advances, and establish a strong affinity between the Celtic and several of the other six languages. I will take, for example, the Greek and Latin columns as contrasted with the Welsh, and there I find the following words:

Verus (Latin), Cywir (Welsh). I must confess there is not much resemblance between these words; but it may be asked why has the author gone out of his way for the word cywir, which has but the secondary meaning of verus? It signifies correct, and is not a primitive as he asserts, but a compound of gwir. Why did he not take the first word in the dictionary for true, i. e. gwir? as this is the only term used in common discourse signifying true, and is evidently the same with verus; and here his own digamma would establish the identity of the Latin V and the Welsh GW.

AKOVELY (Greek), clywed (Welsh). Here the dissimilarity is still greater; but if the Colonel had consulted a lexicon, he might have found the word λvw corresponding with the Welsh clywed, "to hear."

Ventus, Lat. Chwyth, W. Here again he does not give the usual and real Welsh word for wind, i. e. gwynt; the identity of which with the Latin ventus would be explained by the digamma;

but he finds out chwyth, "a blowing :" the last word given in the dictionary among the synonyms of "wind."

Scutum, Lat. Tarian, W. Here he takes the first term that offers, undoubtedly on account of its dissimilarity to the Latin, and discards its synonym ysgwyd, which closely resembles scutum, and seems to be derived from the Welsh ysgwydd, shoulder."

Rex, Lat. Llywydd, W. Now llwydd signifies a governor, or "gubernator," from llyw, a helm; the same with the Latin clavus; and is never used to signify a king: and nothing but a determination to support a system could induce any person, however slightly acquainted with the language, to insert it under that meaning, except as a secondary synonym. The Welsh word corresponding to rex is rhi, "a king."

Lac, Lat. Llaeth, W. Had Colonel Kennedy inserted the oblique case lactis, the difference of sound would not have been so great.

Senex, Lat. Coeth, W. Why has our author not given the regular word hen, which would have corresponded with the Latin, as the S is often found prefixed in Latin and Irish words, when in the Welsh and Greek it is not seen; as,

Aakρve, Greek, Cwynvan, W. Was the Colonel ignorant that the Welsh for shedding tears is dagru? The word cwynvan has no reference to shedding of tears, but is derived from cwyn, "a complaint;" and signifies "to complain."

Vacca, Lat. Myswynog, W. Of all the far-fetched words introduced to support a system, this is the most preposterous. Myswynog is a compound word, used to signify a "winter milch cow," called a barren. The proper Welsh for vacca is vuwch; nom. buwch.

Dare, Lat. Rhoddi, W. When it suits the author, he gives the leading word; but had he also given the words do and donum, we might have supplied him with the corresponding Welsh, doniau. The word rhoddi is allied to reddo.

Videre, Lat. Gweled, W. Had the Colonel inquired, he might have found the Welsh gwyddaw, "to become perceptible." Erew, Greek, dywedyd, W. He might also have found the Welsh ebe," he said."

Implere, Lat. Llenwi, W. Had he given the simple words pleo and plenus, he might have established an affinity with llenwi: the Latin pl being represented by the Welsh .

Mors, Lat. Angeu, W. Here should have been morior, Lať. marw, W. The word angeu seems to be the same with the Latin angor.

Calidus, Lat. Cynnes, W. We have also clyd, "warm." Cynnes is a compound, and not a primitive, as the Colonel

states.

Sagitta, Lat. Hobel, W. Had he inserted saeth, "an arrow," we might have discovered a resemblance. I know not why he inserted hobel.

Malus, Lat. Drwg. W.

We have also mall, "evil."

Ensis, Lat. Cleddyv, W. Why not put gladius opposite to cleddyv, "a sword ?"

Dens, Lat. Ysgythyr, W. Ysgythyr properly signifies a fang," or the "eye-tooth;" but the usual word for a tooth is dant, corresponding with dens, dentis.

Acutus, Lat. Llym. W. Why not give acuo, Lat. awchu, Welsh?

Cauda, Lat. Cynffon, W. This word is a compound: our author might have given the Welsh cwt for cauda, “a tail.”

Mare, Lat. Llyr, W. Llyr signifies the "sea-shore," and answers to littus, littoris: the Welsh for mare is môr, "the sea.” Ferre, Lat. Dwyn, W. Dwyn, in another tense, becomes dygwyn, W. duco, Latin.

Urere, Lat. Llosgi, W. Had he given the participle ustus, we might have supplied him with the Welsh ysi, "to burn."

Such are the boasted words, whose formidable phalanx was to overthrow all pretensions of the Celtic to an affinity with any other language of Europe or Asia. Having discovered so many errors in a few lines, can you be surprised at the opinion which I expressed concerning Colonel Kennedy's work? Indeed, if this author would indulge me with the same privilege that he himself has assumed in the preceding comparisons, I could undertake to prove that High and Low Dutch are of origins totally different; that Hebrew and Arabic have no resemblance; in short, that Shakspeare and Milton used languages totally and radically distinct, or any other philological absurdity that might be proposed : and as the latter is most applicable to the present subject, I shall give you a specimen of the manner in which such an absurdity might be easily accomplished.

Shakspeare.
Spear.
Steed.

Welkin.

Ocean.
Upset.

Milton.

Lance.

Horse.

Sky.

Sea.

Overthrow, &c.

I assure you this is not a more unfair mode of comparison than that which Colonel Kennedy has used in his "Researches," at least