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Earthly Love. An admired pic

Ear of Dionysius. In the neighborhood of Syracuse, in Sicily, is a cave of great depth, which is said to have been built by Dionysius the Elder, a tyrant, or usurper, who was born about B.C. 430, and died B.C.367, in the sixtythird year of his age, and the thirty-ninth of his rule. This cave was 250 feet long and 80 feet high. It was fashioned in the form of a human ear; and the faintest sounds were carried from all parts to a central chamber, which corresponded to the tympanum, or drum, of the ear. In this remarkable whispering gallery, Dionysius imprisoned all who were the objects of his suspicions; while he himself was in the habit of passing entire days in the innermost chamber, listening to the conversation of his victims, in order that he might ascertain for himself who were really his enemies. Ancient writers tell us that the workmen who constructed the cavern were put to death to prevent them from divulging the use to which it was to be put, and that whole families were sometimes confined in it at once. Modern travellers relate that even at the present day, notwithstanding the changes which have been wrought by time, the echo is such that the tearing of a sheet of paper at the entrance can be distinctly heard in the remotest part. Pieces of iron and lead have been found in making excavations, and they are thought to be the remains of the chains and staples by which the prisoners were confined.

This serpent in the wall is arranged for hearing. It is an Ear of Dionysius. George Sand, Trans.

ture by Caravaggio (1569-1609). In the Berlin Museum. East India Docks. These docks, in London, originally built for the East India Company, have been, since the opening of the trade to India, the property of the East and West India Companies. They were opened in 1806. See WEST INDIA DOCKS.

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Captain Cuttle lived on the brink of a little canal near the India Docks, where there was a swivel bridge, which opened now and then to let some wandering nonster of a ship come roaming up the street like a stranded leviathan. Dickens.

East India House. The house of the East India Company, "the most celebrated commercial association of ancient or modern times." It was situated in Leadenhall Street, London, and was taken down in 1862, its celebrated museum having been removed to Fife House, Whitehall. The museum is now at the South Kensington Museum. Hoole, the translator of Tasso, Charles Lamb, and James Mill, the historian of British India, were clerks in the East India House.

"My printed works were my recreations: my true works may be found on the shelves in Leadenhall Street, filling some hundred folios." Charles Lamb.

Scandinavian Thor, who once forged his bolts in icy Hecla, and built galleys by lonely fiords, in England, has advanced with the times, has shorn his beard, enters Parliament, sits down at a desk in the India House, and lends Miollnir to Birmingham for a steam hammer. Emerson.

East India Marine Hall. A building in Salem, Mass., containing collections of the Essex Institute and of the East India Marine Society. The scientific cabinets of the Essex Institute are extensive and well-arranged, and the collections of the Marine Society in

clude many curiosities from Oriental countries and other distant nations.

Among the numerous curiosities is a piece of wood-carving in the form of two hemispheres 14 inches in diameter, in the concavities of which are carved representations on the one hemisphere of heaven and on the other of hell. There are 110 fulllength figures in the carving, and the whole is very skilfully executed. It is said to be the work of an Italian monk of the fourteenth century.

East Room. A noted apartment in the White House at Washington, being a richly-decorated hall 80 feet in length by 40 feet in width, adorned with portraits of the Presidents, and used for public receptions.

Eagle's Nest. A celebrated rock about 1,200 feet in height, among the Killarney lakes in the county of Derry, Ireland. It is noted for its wonderful and exciting echoes. It derives its from the fact, that for centuries it has been the favorite abode of eagles.

name

"It is impossible for language to convey even a remote idea of the exceeding delight communicated by this development of a most wonderful prop: erty of nature. ... . . It is not only by

the louder sounds that the echoes of the hills are awakened; the clapping of a band will call them forth; almost a whisper will be repeated, - far off, ceasing, resuming, ceasing again."

Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall.

"It is scarcely in the power of language to convey an idea of the extraordinary effect of the echoes under this cliff, whether they repeat the dulcet notes of music or the loud, discordant report of a cannon." Weld.

Eastcheap. An ancient thoroughfare in London. It was the East Cheap or market, in distinction from Cheapside, which was the West Cheap. Here was the famous Boar's Head Tavern. Stowe says that Eastcheap was always famous for its" convivial doings. The cookes cried hot ribbes of beef roasted, pies well baked, and other victuals: there was clattering of pewter pots, harpe, pipe, and

sawtrie." See BOAR'S HEAD TAV

ERN.

Then I hyed me into Est-Chepe, One cryes ribbes of befe and many a pye: Pewter pottes they clattered on a heape. Lydgate.

Eastcheap, that ancient region of wit and wassail, where the very names of the streets relished of good cheer, as Pudding Lane bears testimony even at the present day. Irving.

Age, care, wisdom, reflection, begone! I give you to the winds. Let's have t'other bottle: here's to the memory of Shakespeare, Falstaff, and all the merry men of Eastcheap. Goldsmith.

Shakespeare knew... innumerable things: what men are, and what the world is, and how and what men aim at there, from the Dame Quickly of modern Eastcheap to the Cæsar of ancient Rome, over many countries, over many centuries. Carlyle.

Eastnor Castle. The seat of the Earl of Somers, near Ledbury, England.

Eaton Hall. A noted mansion, the seat of the Marquis of Westminster, on the banks of the Dee, near Chester, England. Eaton Square. A well-known public square in London. Ebernburg. A ruined castle in Bavaria, which, in the sixteenth century, afforded shelter to many of the early Reformers. Ecce Homo. [Behold the Man.] A favorite subject of representation by the religious painters of the Middle Ages, in which Christ is exhibited as presented to the people, according to the account in John xix. 5.

"The Ecce Homo is a compara. tively late subject. It did not occur in the Greek Church, . . . it does not appear in early ivories, nor in manu. scripts. ... It was one of the aims in the Roman Church from the fifteenth century, to excite compassion for the Saviour, an aim which has always tended to lower Art by lowering the great idea she is bound to keep in view." Lady Eastlake.

On the freshly-stretched canvas of American landscapes plenty of Ecce Ilomos breathe and live, who hide their wounds lest they fill the eyes of beholders with a mediæval pity. John Weiss.

Of a great number of compositions upon this subject, a few only of the inore celebrated or familiar may be named.

Ecce Homo. A picture by Fra Bartolommeo (1469-1517). In the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy.

Ecce Homo. A celebrated picture by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (1494-1534). The Virgin is represented in front fainting-a unique incident. This picture is considered a masterwork of Correggio. Now in the National Gallery, London. There is another picture by Correggio upon the same subject, in the Museum at Berlin.

"The Ecce Homo, by Correggio, in our National Gallery, is treated in a very peculiar manner in reference to the Virgin, and is, in fact, another version of Lo Spasimo [q. v.], the fourth of her ineffable sorrows. Here Christ, as exhibited to the people by Pilate, is placed in the distance, and is in all respects the least important part of the picture, of which we have the real subject in the far more prominent figure of the Virgin in the foreground."

Mrs. Jameson.

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"Lastly his [Correggio's] Ecce Homo in the Berlin Museum, a painting in which pain and sadness and beauty are united into the most touching spectacle. Leonardo alone, beside him, could have painted it."

Grimm, Trans.

Ecce Homo. A picture by Ludovico Cardi da Cigoli (1599-1613), his chef d'oeuvre, and a work of the highest order. It is in the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy.

"One of the most beautiful pictures of this subject was reserved for a comparatively late master to execute. Cigoli's large work in the Pitti... can hardly fail to touch the heart. . . . All is mournful, gentle, and loving; and the very color of the robe adds to the sad. ness." Lady Eastlake.

Ecce Homo. A painting by Rembrandt van Ryn (1606-1669).

"That inspired Dutchman,' as Mrs. Jameson has called Rembrandt, threw all his grand and uncouth soul

into this subject [the Ecce Homo]. He painted it once in chiaroscuro, and treated it twice in an etching, each time historically." Lady Eastlake.

Ecce Homo. A picture by Jan van Mabuse (1499-1562 ?), a Flemish painter. It is in the Museum at Antwerp, Belgium.

Ecce Homo. A celebrated picture by Titian (1477-1576), which includes portraits of the Emperor Charles V. in armor, of the Sultan Solyman, and of the painter himself. The picture formerly belonged to Charles I. of England, and was sold by Oliver Cromwell. Now in the Belvedere Gallery at Vienna, Austria.

Ecce Homo. An admired picture by Francesco Barbieri, called Guercino (1590-1666). In the Palazzo Corsini, Rome.

"A painting which, notwithstanding the painful nature of the subject and all its hackneyed representations, is full of such deep and powerful expression, and so faultless in its execution, that it awakens our highest adEaton. miration."

Eccentrics, The. A convivial club in London, which first met about 1800 in a tavern in Chandos Street, Covent Garden, and afterwards removed to St. Martin's Lane, where they met till 1840. It was an offshoot of The Brilliants.

were

4"Amongst the members were many celebrities of the literary and political world, they always treated with indulgence by the authori ties. . . . From its commencement the Eccentrics are said to have numbered upwards of 40,000 members, many of them holding high social position: among others, Fox, Sheridan, Lord Melbourne, and Lord Brougham. On the same memorable night that Sheridan and Lord Petersham were admitted, Timbs. Hook was also enrolled."

Echo Cañon. A remarkable and famous ravine forming a gateway through the Wahsatch range of mountains in Utah Territory. It is one of the most astonishing natural spectacles to be found in the West. The trains of the Union Pacific Railroad pass through

this gorge.

Echo Lake. A picturesque little

lake a short distance north of the

Profile House in the Franconia Mountains, N.H., so named from the remarkable echoes which can be heard here. "Franconia is more fortunate in its little tarn that is rimmed by the undisturbed wilderness, and watched by the grizzly peak of Lafayette, than in the Old Stone Face from which it has gained so much celebrity."

Echo River. A partly subterranean river in Kentucky. It flows for three-quarters of a mile within the Mammoth Cave, and finally empties into Green River. Ecluse. See FORT DE L'ECLUSE. École Polytechnique. [Polytechnic School.] A celebrated institution in Paris, founded in 1795. The pupils are admitted only on examination. The candidates

must be between 16 and 20 years of age. The pupils are examined at the end of the course, which is two years in length, and are assigned to various positions in the public service, according to their proficiency. They have more than once shown themselves ardent politicians.

Ecstasy of St. Francis. A picture by Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641). In the gallery at Vienna, Austria. Eddystone Light-house. The "Eddystone" is the name of the highest part of a perilous reef about 14 miles south-west of the harbor of Plymouth, England. The first light-house upon this dangerous rock was begun in 1696 | by Henry Winstanley. Several years after the completion of this structure, which resembled a "Chinese pagoda, with open galleries and fantastic projections," it was entirely carried away. Another light-house, built of stone and timber, was completed by Mr. Rudyerd in 1709, and burned in 1755. The third and present light-house upon the Eddystone rock was begun by John Smeaton in 1756, and finished in 1759. It is built of stone, and the separate stones are securely fastened together (and the lower

courses to the ledge) by an ingenious system of dovetailing. It is 100 feet in height and 26 feet in diameter. Over the door of the lantern is the inscription: "24th Aug., 1759. Laus Deo." Eden Hall. The ancient seat of the celebrated Border clan of the Musgraves, near Penrith, in Cumberland, England. An interesting legend is connected with a curious drinking-cup, an heirloom in the family. See LUCK OF EDENHALL.

Eden Park. A pleasure-ground of

160 acres on an eminence east of Cincinnati, O.

Edgecumbe. See MOUNT EDGE

CUMBE.

Edinburgh Castle. A celebrated fortress in the form of an irregular pile of buildings on an eminence in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland. As a royal residence it dates back to the twelfth century. It was taken by Cromwell after the battle of Dunbar. Edouard, Enfans d'. See ENFANS D' EDOUARD.

Edward the Confessor's Chapel. An ancient chapel in Westminster Abbey, London, in which are the tombs of many of the early kings and queens of England, with their families.

Egeria. See FOUNTAIN OF EGERIA. Eglinton Castle. The seat of the Earl of Eglinton, near Irvine, Scotland.

Egypt. See FLIGHT INTO EGYPT and REPOSE IN EGYPT.

Egyptian Hall. 1. The principal room in the Mansion House, London, so named from being built in accordance with the description of the Egyptian Hall given by Vitruvius.

A playful fancy could have carried the matter further, could have depicted the feast in the Egyptian Hall, the ministers, chief justices, and right reverend prelates taking their seats round about his lordship, the turtle and other delicious viands.

Thackeray.

2. An edifice known as Egyptian Hall, and containing lecture

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