ufactory.

Elephant, The. An old London tavern in Fenchurch Street, of earlier date than the Great Fire of 1666, taken down in the first part of this century and rebuilt.

are

Elephanta, Cave-temples' of. These celebrated remains situated upon the island of Elephanta, about seven miles from Bombay, in India. In one of the caves is a colossal figure of the Hindoo Trinity, called the Trimurti. The largest temple-cave is 130 feet long by 123 feet in breadth.

"The Portuguese, in their zeal for destroying heathen idols, planted cannon before the entrance of the cave, and destroyed many of the columns and sculptured panels, but the faces of the colossal Trinity have escaped mu tilation. This, the Trimurti, is a grand and imposing piece of sculpture, not unworthy of the best period of Egyptian art. It is a triple bust, and with the richly adorned mitres that crown the heads, rises to the height of twelve feet." Bayard Taylor.

Elevation of the Cross. A colossal picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). In the Cathedral of Antwerp, Belgium.

"Rubens stands forth in all his Titanic greatness as the painter of violent and agitated scenes. The effect of this picture [the Elevation of the Cross] is something overpowering, but in all other respects it bears no comparison with the Descent from the Cross [q.v.]." Handbook of Painting.

This subject has been treated by painters of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, by Vandyck, Lebrun, Largillière, and others.

Elgin Cathedral. This ancient cathedral, on the banks of the Lossie, was founded in 1224. It has been repeatedly injured by fire, and plundered, and rebuilt. Though not harmonious, different portions being of different styles of architecture, its remains are on the whole the most magnificent ecclesiastical ruins in Scotland.

In

sculptures brought from the Parthenon at Athens by the Earl of Elgin, and now deposited in the British Museum, London. 1801 Lord Elgin, who had gone to Athens for the purpose, received permission from the Turkish Government to take away any stones that might be interesting to him; and the result of his labors was the collection which has since borne his name. The marbles were purchased by the British Government in 1816.

"Were the Elgin Marbles lost, there would be as great a gap in art as there would be in philosophy if Newton had never existed." Haydon.

"We possess in England the most precious examples of Grecian power in the sculpture of animals. The horses of the frieze in the Elgin collection appear to live and move, to roll their eyes, to gallop, prance, and curvet; the veins of their faces and legs seem distended with circulation; in them are distinguished the hardness and decision of bony forms, from the elasticity of tendon and the softness of flesh." Flaxman.

"Lord Elgin, at Athens, saw the imminent ruin of the Greek remains, set up his scaffoldings, in spite of epigrams, and, after five years' labor to collect them, got his marbles on shipboard. The ship struck a rock, and went to the bottom. He had them all fished up, by divers, at a vast expense, and brought to London; not knowing that Haydon, Fuseli, and Canova, and all good heads in all the world, were to be his applauders." Emerson.

It is 'Change time, and I am strangely among the Elgin Marbles. Charles Lamb.

of "The Lady of the Lake," as the scene of the interview between Fitz James and the heroine.

"It is a little island, but very famous in Romance land; for Ellen, as almost everybody knows, was the Lady of the Lake. . . . A more poetic, romantic retreat could hardly be imagined: it is unique." J. F. Hunnewell.

"A beautiful little turquoise in the silver setting of Loch Katrine.' Bayard Taylor.

Ellisland. A farm near Holywood on the river Nith, in Scotland, formerly rented by the poet Burns, and where he wrote some of his most-admired pieces, such as "Tam O'Shanter," and "To Mary in Heaven." On a window in the house may still be seen, scratched by Burns upon the glass, An honest man's the noblest work of God.''

66

Ellora, Cave-temples of. A series

of remarkable and celebrated sculptured caverns or rock-temples at Ellora in the Deccan, India, which are classed among the greatest wonders of architecture.

"Their character is antique, but their date is uncertain: all that can be conjectured being that the more ancient portion of them belong to the ages before Christ. They are conse crated to several divinities of the Brahminic Pantheon. The hills of Ellora extend a length of two miles in the form of a crescent. Their flanks are pierced with subterranean galleries not less than two leagues in extent. Here is to be found a great hall, nearly square, which is 180 feet long, 150 feet broad, and 18 feet high. The roof is supported by 28 columns. Certain of the excavations disclose many stories which communicate with each other."

Lefevre, Trans. Donald.

Ellsworth, Fort. See FORT ELLS

WORTH.

Elmo, St. See ST. ELMO. Elmwood. An ancient colonial house in Cambridge, Mass., near Mount Auburn Cemetery, the home of James Russell Lowell. Eltham Castle. An ancient royal palace in England, near London, built by Edward IV. It was a

frequent residence of the English sovereigns before Henry VIII., and here they held their great Christmas feasts. It is now a ruin, and used only as a barn. Ely Cathedral. The old conventual church of Ely, near Cambridge, England, was converted into the present structure by Henry VIII. Of the existing edifice the oldest part was erected in the reign of William Rufus. Merrily sang the monks within Ely When Canute the King rowed thereby; (Row me, Knights, the shore along, And listen to these monks' song).

Old Ballad. Ely House. An ancient palace in London, where "old John of Gaunt, time-honored Lancaster," died. It is alluded to in the plays of Shakespeare.

My lord of Ely, when I was last in Holborn,

I saw good strawberries in your garden there;

I do beseech you send for some of them. Richard III.

Elymas the Sorcerer struck with Blindness. One of the famous cartoons by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), from which the tapestries in the Vatican were executed. Elysée Bourbon. See ELYSÉE, PALAIS.

Elysées. See CHAMPS ELYSÉES. Elysée Napoléon. See ELYSÉE, PALAIS.

Elysée, Palais. A celebrated his

toric house, Rue du Faubourg St. Honoré, Paris, built in 1718. Here at different times lived the Duchess of Bourbon (from whom it was called Elysée Bourbon), Murat, Napoleon I., the Duke of Wellington, Napoleon III. Here Napoleon I. signed his abdication, and here he passed his last night in Paris. [It was also formerly called Elysée Napoléon.] Elysian Fields. A region in the neighborhood of Baiæ, in Southern Italy, covered with gardens and vineyards, and which is thought to correspond with the description of Elysium given by Virgil. See also CHAMPS ELYSÉES.

Elz Castle. A fine relic of feudal times near Carden in Rhenish Prussia, pronounced "an almost solitary example of a feudal residence spared by fire, war, and time, and remaining in nearly the

same condition that it was two or three centuries ago.' It is inhabited, and contains a curious collection of antiquities. Elzevir Editions. A name applied to certain carefully printed and elegant editions of the works of Latin and Greek authors, issued by printers of the name of Elzevir in Amsterdam and Leyden, Holland, and mostly published between 1595 and 1680.

The old, dead authors thronged him round about,

And Elzevir's gray ghosts from leathern graves looked out. Whittier.

A

Emanuel. See TEMPLE EMANUEL. Emanuel College. A foundation of the University of Cambridge, England. Established in 1584. Embarkation of St. Ursula. picture by Vittore Carpaccio (14501520 ?). In the Accademia della Belle Arti at Venice, Italy. Embarkation of the Pilgrims. A picture in one of the panels of the Rotunda in the Capitol at Washington, representing the departure of the pilgrims from Holland. It was painted by Robert Weir (b. 1803), and was completed and placed in position during the administration of President Polk. The artist is considered to have sacrificed historical truth in order that he might produce a picture full of strong effects. The sum of ten thousand dollars was paid for th's work. Familiar from its reproduction upon bills of the national currency.

Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba. A celebrated picture by Claude Lorrain (1600-1682). In the National Gallery, London. Emma Mine. A mine of precious ore in Utah Territory, south-east of Salt Lake City. The sale of this mine to a stock-company, some years ago, most of the stock being held in London, was a matter of great notoriety, and caused much sensation.

Emperor of Bells. [Russian, Tzar Kolokol.] A renowned bell preserved in the Kremlin at Moscow, Russia, cast by order of the Empress Anne in 1730. It was broken a few years afterward by the burning of the wooden tower in which it was suspended. It is said to be over 21 feet in height, about 22 feet in diameter at the bottom, to weigh between 100 and 200 tons, and to contain an amount of gold, silver, and copper, estimated to be worth $1,500,000. The "New Bell" of Moscow is 21 feet in height, and 18 feet in diameter.

"From the time of Herodotus, the Scythians were great casters of metal, and famous for their bells. The specimens of casting of this sort in Russia reduce all the great bells of Western Europe to comparative insignifi. cance. It of course became necessary to provide places in which to hang these bells; and as nothing in Byzantine or Armenian architecture afforded a hint for amalgamating the belfry with the church, they went to work in their own way, and constructed towers whol ly independent of the churches."

Fergusson.

Emperors, Hall of the. See HALL OF THE EMPERORS.

Empire. See COURSE OF EMPIRE

and STAR OF EMPIRE.

Endowment House. A building in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, in which many of the rites of the Mormon worship, such as "sealings," and baptisms for the dead, are performed, and where they claim to receive their "endowments " from heaven. The edifice is constructed of unburnt brick.

Enfans d'Edouard. [Edward's Children.] A picture by Paul Delaroche (1797-1856).

"The 'Enfans d'Edouard' is renowned over Europe, and has appeared in a hundred different ways in print. It is properly pathetic and gloomy, and merits fully its high repu tation." Thackeray.

Engelberg Abbey. A noted Benedictine abbey near the town of the same name in Switzerland. It was founded in the twelfth century, but the present building was erected in the early part of the last century. There is a tradition that angels chose the site of the monastery.

Whose authentic lay Sung from that heavenly ground in middle air,

Made known the spot where Piety should
raise

A holy structure to th' Almighty's praise.
Wordsworth.

Engländerhübel. [English Hillock.] A mound in Switzerland, about 11 miles from Lucerne, containing the bones of 3,000 Englishmen, followers of the Duke of Bedford, who were defeated in battle while devastating the Swiss cantons.

English Coasts. See OUR ENGLISH COASTS.

English Opera House. See LyCEUM THEATRE.

Enterprise, The.

1. An Arctic exploring ship which sailed to the Northern seas under Sir James Ross in 1848.

2. An armor-plated ship of the British navy, launched Feb. 9, 1864.

Entombment, The. A subject very often treated by the great religious painters of the Middle Ages, exhibiting the burial of Christ in accordance with the Scriptural account of that event. Of the great number of pictures upon this subject, among the more celebrated are those given below.

Entombment, The. A picture by Giotto di Bondone (1276–1336). In the Chapel of the Arena, Padua, Italy.

Entombment, The. A magnificent picture by Taddeo Gaddi (1300-1366 ?), executed for the church of Or-San-Michele. Now in the Academy at Florence, Italy.

Entombment, The. A picture by Pietro Perugino (1446–1524). In the Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy.

Entombment, The. A picture by Jan Mostaert (1474-1555), the Flemish painter. It is now in the possession of Rev. Mr. Heath at Enfield, England.

Entombment, The. A famous picture by Titian (1477-1576), representing this well-known subject. It is in the Louvre, París. There is a copy in the Manfrin Gallery, Venice, Italy.

"An instance of the manner in which all subjects ministered to his favorite forms of dignity and tranquillity. The grief of such noble beings as support the half-concealed body of the Lord is one of the most dignified and impressive things in this world. Though all intent on the sacred object they bear, the fact of their bearing it is a fiction. Such strength and strain as would actually have been needed, would have overturned all the gravity which was Titian's chief aim, and the cloth by which they sustain the great weight of a well-developed body is not even drawn tight beneath their grasp." Eastlake.

Entombment, The. A celebrated altar-piece by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), painted for the church of S. Francesco at Perugia, Italy, and now in the Borghese Gallery t Rome.

"This is the first of Raphael's compositions in which a historical subject is dramatically treated; and, as is evident from the number of designs and studies he made for the picture, it tasked his powers to the utmost."

Eastlake.

"The Virgin Mother is always introduced [in an "Entombment"]. Either she swoons, which is the ancient Greek conception, or she follows with streaming eyes and clasped hands the pious disciples who bear the dead form of her Son, as in Raphael's wonderful picture in the Borghese Palace, and Titian's hardly less beautiful in the Louvre." Mrs. Jameson.