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"In Raphael's Entombment of Christ, we perceive the first traces of Michael Angelo's influence." Grimm, Trans. Entombment, The. A picture by Roger van der Weyden the Younger (d. 1529).

"The picture of the Entomb. ment by him [van der Weyden], in the National Gallery, is as much more sad to the heart than the passionate Italian conception, as a deep sigh sometimes, than a flood of tears. No finer conception of manly sorrow, sternly repressed, exists than in the heads of Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea."

Lady Eastlake.

Entombment, The. A picture by Paul Veronese (1530-1588), and regarded as one of his chefs d'œuvre. In the Hermitage, St. Petersburg,

Russia.

Entombment, The. A picture by Michelangelo Amerighi, surnamed Caravaggio (1569–1609), and his most famous work. In the Vatican, Rome.

Entombment, The. A picture by Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641). In the Antwerp Museum. Entresol, Société d'. A French club established by the Abbé Alari at Paris in 1724.

Epiphany, The. A picture by Gheerardt David (1484-1523), the Flemish painter. Now at Munich, Bavaria. A replica of the same in the gallery of Brussels, Belgium.

Epping Forest. Formerly a very large district, extending from Epping almost to London. It was known under the name of Waltham Forest. In the same neighborhood was Hainault, which contains more beautiful scenery than any other forest in England. Great inroads have been made upon Epping Forest, and it now contains not more than 4,000 acres. It is much resorted to by the

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Erasmus. 1. A portrait by Hans Holbein the Younger (1498-1543), and considered one of his most admirable works. It is now in the possession of Lord Radnor, at Longford Castle, England. This picture is said to have been sent by Erasmus to Sir Thomas More in 1525. There is also another portrait of Erasmus by Holbein in the Louvre, Paris.

2. A bronze statue of the great scholar in Rotterdam, where he was born.

Erasmus. See MARTYRDOM OF ST. ERASMUS.

Erbach Castle. An old family mansion at Erbach in the Odenwald, containing a rare collection of antiquities.

Ercole Farnese. See FARNESE HERCULES.

Erebus, The. An Arctic exploring vessel which sailed from England under Sir John Franklin in May, 1845, and never returned. A document dated April 25, 1848, was discovered in a cairn on the shore of King William's Land by Capt. McClintock of the British expedition sent out by Lady Franklin, in which document it was stated that Sir John Franklin died June 11, 1847; that the Erebus and her companion ship, the Terror, were abandoned April 22, 1848; and that the survivors had started for the Great Fish River.

Erechtheum. ['Epex@ecov.] This, the most venerable of the sanctuaries of Greece, and closely linked with the early legends of Attica, was situated upon the Acropolis, and was so called from being the place of interment of Erechtheus, who holds an important place in the Athenian religion. The original Erechtheum was burnt by

the Persians; but the new temple, built upon the ancient site, was a very beautiful structure, and one of the chief works of Athenian architecture. It was of the Ionic order, and was situated to the north of the Parthenon, and near the northern wall of the Acropolis. The appearance of the exterior can be judged from the existing ruins, but the interior presents nothing but a heap of confusing ruins.

"It contained several objects of the greatest interest to every Athenian. Here was the most ancient statue of Athena Polias, that is, Athena, the guardian of the city. This statue was made of olive-wood, and was said to have fallen down from heaven. Here was the sacred olive-tree, which Athena called forth from the earth in her contest with Poseidon for the possession of Attica; here also was the well of salt water which Poseidon produced by the stroke of his trident, the impression of which was seen upon the rock; and here, lastly, was the tomb of Cecrops as well as that of Erechtheus. . . . The form of the Erechtheium differs from every other known example of a Grecian temple. Usually a Grecian temple was an oblong figure, with two porticos, one at its eastern, and the other at its western, end. The Erechtheium, on the contrary, though oblong in shape and having a portico at the eastern front, had no portico at its western end; but from either side of the latter a portico projected to the north and south, thus forming a kind of transept. Consequently, the temple had three porticos." Smith's Dict.

"Nowhere did the exquisite taste and skill of the Athenians show themselves to greater advantage than here; for, though every detail of the order may be traced back to Nineveh or Persepolis, all are so purified, so imbued with purely Grecian taste and feeling, that they have become essential parts of a far more beautiful order than ever existed in the land in which they had their origin. . . . Owing to the Erechtheium having been converted into a Byzantine church during the Middle Ages, almost all traces of its original internal arrangements have been obliterated; and this, with the peculiar combination of three temples in one, makes it more than usually diffi cult to restore." Fergusson.

Erectheum, The. A London club, founded in 1836, and afterwards

joined with the Parthenon Club. See PARTHENON.

Eremitage. A palace in Bayreuth,
Germany, erected by the mar-
graves, in the early part of the
last century.

Eremo, Sacro (or Santo). See SA-
CRO EREMO.

Ericsson, The. A vessel built by
John Ericsson (b. 1803), and
named after him. She was in-
tended to be propelled by hot air
instead of steam; but, after some
experimental trials, the caloric-
engine was taken out in 1855, and
replaced by steam-engines.
Erythræan Sibyl. A figure in one
of the frescos of the Sistine
Chapel, Rome, executed by Mi-
chael Angelo (1475-1564).
Esarhaddon's Palace. A celebrat-
ed Assyrian palace, commonly
known as the South-West Palace
at Nimroud. It was destroyed
by fire; and the existing remains
consist of the entrance or south-
ern hall, the dimensions of which
are 165 feet in length by 62 feet in
width. It is the largest hall yet
discovered in Assyria.
Esbekeeyah, The.
square of Cairo, Egypt, contain-
ing about 450,000 square feet. On
it are the principal hotels and
other prominent buildings. It
was formerly inundated during
the annual rise of the Nile, and a
canal was cut around it to pre-
vent this disaster; but since 1866
this canal has been filled up,
some of the ancient houses have
been removed and replaced by
new ones, and a central space has
been enclosed as a public garden,
with cafés, theatres, etc. [Writ
ten also Ezbekeyieh.]

The great

"The great square of the Ezbekeeyeh is always gay on Sundays, when the Franks walk there after church, and the Mohammedans sit smoking in groups to watch them.

The Eastern and Western groups, -the turbans and burnooses here, and the French bonnets and mantles there,all among the dark acacias, or crossing the gleams of bright sunshine, make a strange picture, not to be likened to any thing I saw afterwards."

Miss Martineau.

Eschernheim Tower. A picturesque and admired watch-tower in Frankfort-on-the-Main. Escorial. An immense pile of buildings situated near Madrid, Spain, which has sometimes been called the eighth wonder of the world. It was built by Philip II., as a mausoleum, in accordance with the will of his father, and served at once many purposes, as a palace, convent, treasury, tombhouse, and museum. It was begun by Juan Bautista de Toledo in 1563, and finished in 1584. Its name, according to some, is derived from Escoria, the dross of iron-mines which still exist here. The building was begun upon the anniversary of St. Lawrence, and, according to the tradition, was made to assume the shape of a gridiron, the instrument upon which that saint is recorded to have suffered martyrdom. This story, however, is now believed to be an invention of later date. The huge and sombre structure, standing at an elevation of 2,700 feet above the level of the sea, is part and parcel of the mountain out of which it has been constructed. It is built of granite in the Doric order, and was till lately the country palace and mausoleum of the Spanish sovereigns, a part of the edifice being used for educational purposes. It is now, however, but a mere wreck, and being deprived of its monks and revenues, and exposed to the mountain storms, is constantly subject to injury. [Written also Escurial.]

"The Escorial is as vulgar a name as the Tuileries. It signifies the place where scoria are thrown; and it was so called because there was an iron manufactory near that threw its scoria on the spot. Its more just name is San Lorenzo el Reale, since it is a royal convent dedicated to St. Lorenzo. It is a monument of the magnificence, the splendor, the superstition, and perhaps the personal fears, of Philip If.

The convent itself is worthy of the severest influences of the most monkish ages. It is the only establishment I have ever met that satisfied all the ideas I had formed of the size of a monastery

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The romance of Tom Jones, that exquisite picture of human manners, will outlive the palace of the Escurial and the imperial eagle of Austria. Gibbon.

It [Wolfert's Roost] is said, in fact, to have been modelled after the cocked hat of Peter the Headstrong, as the Escurial was modelled after the gridiron of the blessed St. Lawrence. Irving.

No house, though it were the Tuileries, or the Escurial, is good for any thing without a master. Emerson.

Set as a challenge at the mountain's side,
Afar the dark Escurial is descried.
Three hundred feet from earth uplifting
thus

On its colossal shoulder firmly braced,
Huge elephant, the cupola defaced,
Granite debauch of Spain's Tiberius.
T. Gautier, Trans.

Escurial. See ESCORIAL.

Esher (or Asher) Place. A lovely spot in one of the most picturesque vales of the county of Surrey, England, noted as having been the residence of Cardinal Wolsey after his fall and retirement from court. An old brick tower is still standing, which formed part of the palace when it belonged to the See of Winchester. The place is covered with fine groves of fir and beech, oaks and elms.

Esplanade, The. A magnificent promenade in Calcutta, Hindostan, being an open space of three or four miles in length and nearly a mile in breadth, extending along the banks of the Hoogly, lined with stately mansions, and crowded with fine equipages.

Esquiline Hill. [Lat. Mons Esquilinus.] One of the seven hills of ancient Rome, of wide extent and undefined form, and now covered with ruins. It is less a distinct hill than a projection of the Campagna. The name is derived by Varro from excultus, because of the ornamental groves which were planted upon it. In the later days of the republic and in the time of the empire, the Esquiline was a fashionable place for resi

dence. The section known as the Carine was upon the slope of the hill towards the Coliseum. Consuls and emperors lived upon the Esquiline. There were the house and gardens of Mæcenas, and of Virgil, and possibly of Horace, a part of Nero's Golden House, the Baths of Titus, and many other structures, now in ruins.

Suffice it now the Esquilian mount to reach

With weary wing, and seek the sacred rests Of Maro's humble tenement. John Dyer. Essex, The. A noted frigate of the United States navy, in service in the war of 1812. She was built in 1812. The Essex surrendered to the British ships Phoebe and Cherub, March 28, 1814. Our Rogers on the President

Will burn, sink, and destroy;
The Congress on the Brazil coast
Your commerce will annoy.

The Esser on the South Sea

Will put out all your lights:

The flag she wears at mast-head

Is Free Trade and Sailors' Rights."
Old Song.

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Essex Head. This club in London was formed in 1783 by Dr. Johnson, who writes to Sir Joshua Reynolds that "the company is numerous, and, as you will see by the list, miscellaneous. The terms are lax, and the expenses light. We meet twice a week, and he who misses forfeits twopence." The club was continued for some time after Dr. Johnson's death. Boswell, describing the formation of the club, says, that, notwithstanding "the complication of disorders under which Johnson now labored, he did not resign himself to despondency and discontent, but with wisdom and spirit endeavored to console and amuse his mind with as many innocent enjoyments as he could procure. Sir John Hawkins has mentioned the cordiality with which he insisted that such of the members of the old club in Ivy Lane as survived, should meet again and dine together, which they did, twice at a tavern, and once at his house; and, in order to insure himself in the evening for three

days in the week, Johnson instituted a club at the Essex Head, in Essex Street.

"But, turning to Essex Street, and not many doors down on the left, at the corner of a little cross-passage leading to the pretty Temple gate with its light iron-work, we come on the Essex Head Tavern, an old, mean public house of well-grimed brick. It was here, in his decay, that Johnson set up a kind of superior club, the Ivy Lane. Boswell is angry with Hawkins for calling it an ale-house, as if in contempt; but certainly, while the Cheshire Cheese, the Mitre, and the Cock are taverns, this seems to have been more within the category of an ale or public house. It has been so re-arranged and altered to suit the intentions and purposes of the modern public, that there is no tracing its former shape."

Fitzgerald. Essex House. A noble mansion in London, of which only a few relics now remain, the residence of the Earl of Essex, the favorite of Queen Elizabeth.

Next whereunto there standes a stately place

Where oft I gayned giftes and goodly

grace

Of that great lord which therein wont to dwell. Spenser. Estes Park. A picture by Albert Bierstadt (b. 1829). Now in possession of the Earl of Dunraven.

Étienne, St. See ST. ÉTIENNE. Étoile, Arc de l'. See ARC DE L'ÉTOILE.

Eton College. A famous educational establishment in the town of Eton, England. It was founded in 1440 by Henry VI. It has long been a favorite place of education for the sons of the nobility and gentry. Among the great men who have studied at Eton may be mentioned Sir Robert Walpole, the Earl of Chatham, Gray, Walpole, West, Fox, Canning, Hallam the historian, and the Duke of Wellington. The buildings form two quadrangles, and consist of towers, cloisters, and a fine Gothic chapel.

The habit of brag runs through all classes, from the Times newspaper through politicians and poets, through Wordsworth, Carlyle, Mill, and Sydney Smith, down to the boys of Eton.

Emerson.

Ye distant spires, ye antique towers, That crown the watery glade, Where grateful Science still adores Her Henry's holy shade. Gray. Eton Montem. A celebration held annually at first, then biennially, and at last triennially, by the boys of the school at Eton, England. They formed a procession, and marched, arrayed in military costume, to Salt Hill or Mount, where they dined, returning to their school at evening. Some of the boys, in fancy costumes, waylaid travellers upon the roads, and levied a tax for the benefit of their captain. In return they bestowed a small quantity of salt upon each contributor. The festival was abolished in 1847. Ettrick Forest. An ancient woodland, forming part of the great Caledonian forest, situated on the borders of the river Ettrick, in Scotland. Only scanty remnants of it are now left. See CALEDONIAN FOREST.

Ettrick Forest is a fair forest,
In it grows many a seemly tree;
The hart, the hind, the doe, the roe,
And of all wild beasts great plentic.
On Ettrick Forest's mountains dun,
'Tis blithe to hear the sportsman's gun,
And seek the heath-frequenting brood
Far through the noonday solitude.

Scott.

Ettrick House. A farm in the parish of Ettrick, Scotland, the birthplace of James Hogg, the "Ettrick Shepherd."

Etruscan Museum (Museo Gregoriano). A splendid museum of Etruscan antiquities, collected by the efforts of Gregory XVI., in the Vatican, Rome.

Euclid Avenue. A noted street in Cleveland, O., considered one of the finest in the country.

I was going to compare the roads on these islands [near St. Petersburg] to the eastern part of Euclid Street in Cleveland, O.; but there the dwellings and grounds are altogether of a more stately character. Bayard Taylor. Eudoxian Basilica. See SAN PIETRO IN VINCOLI. Eugubine Tables. Celebrated bronze tablets, discovered in 1444, bearing inscriptions which have

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"The essential character of the Eve of Powers is that he so long ago imagined and proposed to embody; that is, he represents the mother of our race under the new-born sense of evil and wrong, the disturbance of that moral equilibrium that held her soul at first in tranquil self-poise it is Eve, beautiful, loving, grandly mater nal, tender, confiding, but tried and tempted." Tuckerman.

A faultless being from the marble sprung, She stands in beauty there!

As when the grace of Eden 'round her clung,

Fairest, where all was fair.
Bayard Taylor.

Eve. See REPENTANT EVE.
Eve of St. Agnes. A noted pic-
ture by John E. Millais (b. 1829).
In London.

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