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"In the Eve of St. Agnes of Millais, a lady in a low-bodied evening. dress is represented through the medium of a studied effect of twilight as having the appearance of a corpse-like green; and the chamber is of the same hue." Taine, Trans.

Evening, The. [Ital. Il Crepuscolo.] One of four colossal figures executed by Michael Angelo Buonarotti (1475-1564). In the church of S. Lorenzo, Florence, Italy. Evening School. A picture by Gerhard Dow, or Douw (16131680), and one of his best. In the Museum of Amsterdam, Holland. Event in the Forest. A picture by Sir Edwin Landseer (18031873), the most celebrated modern painter of animals.

which formerly stood in the Strand, London, the residence of the celebrated Lord Burleigh. Exeter Street. A street in London, so named after Exeter House. See EXETER HOUSE.

He [Johnson] enters quite quietly, with some copper half-pence in his pocket; creeps into lodgings in Exeter Street, Strand; and has a Coronation Pontiff also, of not less peculiar equipment, whom, with all submissiveness, he must wait upon, in his Vatican of St. John's Gate. Carlyle.

Expulsion from Paradise. A picture by Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi) (1402-1429 ?). In the church of S. M. del Carmine, Florence, Italy.

Expulsion from Paradise.
FALL AND EXPULSION.

See

Exchange, Royal. See ROYAL Expulsion of Hagar. A picture EXCHANGE.

Exeter Cathedral. A noble church edifice in Exeter, England. It is of high antiquity, cruciform, 408 feet in length, and has one of the most beautiful façades in Europe. Exeter Change. Situated upon the site of Exeter House, London, built as a sort of bazaar, afterwards occupied as a menagerie, and taken down in 1829. Exeter Hall. A large proprietary establishment, situated on the Strand, London, and originally intended for religious and charitable societies, and their meetings. From April to the end of May, various religious societies hold their anniversaries here. The Great Hall is also used for the Sacred Harmonic Society's, and other concerts. The works of Handel, Haydn, and Mozart are here given with great effect.

"The independent and mutually repelling bodies who congregate in Exeter Hall are one in spirit with all their differences. Without a pervading organization they are a church."

The Spectator.

The fanaticism and hypocrisy create satire. Punch finds an inexhaustible material. Dickens writes novels on ExeterHall humanity. Thackeray exposes the heartless high life. Emerson.

Exeter House. A noble mansion

by Francesco Barbieri, called Guercino (1590-1666). In the Brera, at Milan, Italy.

Expulsion of Heliodorus. A celebrated fresco by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing the expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple at Jerusalem, which he had attempted to plunder, and allegorically typifying the deliverance of the States of the Church from the enemies of the Pope. "The picture is a spirited development of an extended action," and is considered, together with the other works in the same room, as perhaps the finest example of the art of fresco-painting. It is in the Stanza of the Heliodorus (so called after this, the principal picture in the room) in the Vatican, Rome.

"The chastisement of Heliodorus has given occasion to the sublimest composition in which human genius ever attempted to embody the concep tion of the supernatural,- Raphael's fresco in the Vatican." Mrs. Jameson.

"In fine pictures the head sheds on the limbs the expression of the face. In Raphael's Angel driving Heliodorus from the Temple, the crest of the bel met is so remarkable, that, but for the extraordinary energy of the face, it would draw the eye too much; but the countenance of the celestial messenger subordinates it, and we see it not."

Emerson.

Exton Hall. The seat of the Earl of Gainsborough near Stamford, Lincolnshire, England.

Ezbekeyieh. See ESBEKEEYAH. Ezekiel's Tomb. A building near Bagdad, in Asiatic Turkey, tra

ditionally held to be the tomb of the prophet. It is of much interest, and is a very striking object; but its date has not been satisfactorily determined.

Ezekiel, Vision of. See VISION OF EZEKIEL.

F.

Fagot, Le. A picture by Nikolaas | (or Claes Pietersz) Berghem (1624– 1683), the Dutch painter, and regarded as one of his best. In the collection of Lord Ashburton, England.

Fair, The. A picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). In the Louvre at Paris.

Fair, The. A picture by David Teniers the Younger (1610-1694), the Belgian genre-painter. Of numerous pictures upon this subject, perhaps the best specimen is at Vienna, Austria.

Fair Oaks. A locality four miles from Richmond, Va., where a severe but indecisive battle took place, May 31, 1862, between the Union and Confederate forces Fairlop Oak. A famous tree in Hainault Forest, in Essex, England. It is said to have been 36 feet in circumference, and to have had 17 branches, each as large as an ordinary oak. For many years an annual fair, or festival, was held under and around this tree, in July, which was attended by crowds of the country people.

Fairmount Park. A vast and noble pleasure-ground in Philadelphia, Penn. It includes nearly 3,000 acres, and is larger than most, if not any, of the great parks of Europe and America. It is traversed by the river Schuylkill and by the Wissahickon Creek. In natural capabilities and in the improvements made upon them, this park must be ranked among the finest in the world. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 was held here.

Falaise Castle. A grand old ruin in Falaise, France, the ancient seat of the dukes of Normandy, and the birthplace of William the Conqueror.

Falkenstein. 1. An imposing ruin among the Taunus Mountains, in Germany, not far from Frankfort.

2. A mediæval fortress among the Harz Mountains, in Germany. Fall and Expulsion from Paradise. One of the frescos by Michael Angelo (1475-1564) in the Sistine Chapel, Rome.

Fall of Adam and Eve. A picture by Filippino Lippi (1460-1505). In the church of Sta. Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy.

Fall of Schaffhausen. A picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), the English landscape painter, and regarded as one of his best.

Fall of the Angels. 1. A celebrated picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). In the gallery at Munich, Bavaria.

"Though this famous picture is called the Fall of the Angels, I have some doubts as to whether this was the intention of the painter; whether he did not mean to express the fall of sin. ners, flung by the angel of judgment into the abyss of wrath and perdition." Mrs. Jameson.

2. A picture by Frans de Vriendt, called Frans Floris (1520-1570), a Flemish painter, and considered his masterpiece. It is in the Antwerp Museuin. Fall of the Damned. A celebrated picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). In the Pinakothek, Munich, Bavaria.

"It is impossible to form an adequate idea of the powers of Rubens without having seen this picture." Sir Joshua Reynolds. "The most surprising of Ru bens's labors." Wilkie.

Fallen Angels. See FALL OF THE DAMNED.

Fame, Torre della. See TORRE DELLA FAME.

Family of Darius before Alexander. A picture by Paul Veronese (1530-1588), and his grandest work. Formerly in the Pisani Palace, Venice, but purchased by the British Government in 1857, and now in the National Gallery, London.

Famine. FAMINE. Faneuil Hall. A public edifice in Boston, Mass., famous as the place where the stirring speeches of the Revolutionary orators were made, which incited the people to resist British oppression and secure their independence. The building was erected in 1742 by Peter Faneuil, a Huguenot merchant. It was destroyed by fire in 1761, but rebuilt three years later. During the siege of Boston in 1775-76, it was converted into a theatre. It has a capacious hall, containing portraits of eminent Americans.

See SEVEN YEARS OF

They like to go to the theatre and be made to weep; to Faneuil Hall, and be taught by Otis, Webster, or Kossuth, or Phillips, what great hearts they have, what tears, what possible enlargements to their narrow horizons. Emerson.

Athens and the Acropolis, Rome and the Capitol, are not more associated ideas than are Boston and Faneuil Hall.

G. S. Hillard.

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Museo Borbonico at Naples, Italy. It is described by Pliny as one of the most remarkable monuments of antiquity. It was found in the Baths of Caracalla at Rome, in the sixteenth century, and was placed by Michael Angelo in the inner court of the Farnese Palace, whence its name. In 1786 it was removed to Naples. It is supposed to be the work of the brothers Apollonius and Tauriscus, who probably lived in the first century after Christ.

"The celebrated group of the Farnese Bull is a noble work, in which the intellectual conception of the artist is not at all overlaid by the weight and bulk of the material." Hillard.

Farnese Cup. See TAZZA FAR

NESE.

Farnese Flora. See FLORA. Farnese Hercules. A celebrated ancient statue representing Hercules resting upon his club. At the foot of the club is inscribed the name of the Greek sculptor. Glycon. This statue was found at Rome in the Baths of Caracalla, in 1540, and subsequently removed to Naples, Italy, where it is now deposited in the Museum. The right hand is modern. By some this statue is supposed to be a copy of the Hercules of Lysippus. See HERCULES.

"The indication of nerves and muscles, or their absolute suppression, is what distinguishes a Hercules who is destined to fight monsters and brigands, and still be far from the end of his labors, from the Hercules who is purified of the grosser corporeal parts, and admitted to the felicity of the immortal gods. It is thus that we recognize the man in the Farnese Hercules, and the god in the Hercules of the Belvedere. It may even be said that this last approaches nearer to the sublime period in art than the Apollo itself."

Winckelmann, Trans.

The tenor is a spasmodic buffoon, a sort of ugly Farnese Hercules, wearing one of those old chin-clasping casques which is only met with amongst classic rubbish. Taine, Trans. An ancient Farnese Mercury. statue, now in the British Museum, London. Purchased in 1865.

Farnese Palace. [Ital. Palazzo Farnese.] A magnificent Roman palace of immense size, begun by Paul III., one of the Farnese family. Michael Angelo was one of its architects. The materials were taken from the Coliseum and other ruins of ancient Rome. The great hall or gallery is painted in fresco by Caracci and his scholars. The palace fell by descent to the Bourbon kings of Naples, and within the last few years the exiled court have made it their place of residence. The Farnese gallery of sculpture was formerly celebrated; but the best pieces have been removed, and are now at Naples, Italy.

"The Palazzo Farnese, one of the finest palaces in Rome, is a shameless receiver of stolen goods. . . . The great hall, or gallery, is painted in fresco by Annibale and Agostino Caracci, and their scholars. . . . About half of Lempriere's Classical Dictionary is painted on the walls and ceiling of the hall." Hillard.

"Of all these fossils, the grandest, noblest, most imposing and rigidly magnificent, is, in my opinion, the Farnese Palace. Alone, in the middle of a dark square, rises the enormous palace, lofty and massive, like a fortress capable of giving and receiving the heaviest ordnance. It belongs to the grand era. It is indeed akin to the torsos of Mi

chael Angelo. You feel in it the inspiration of the great pagan epoch."

Taine, Trans.

Farnesina. A beautiful villa in Rome, built in 1506 for Agostino Chigi, a great banker and patron of art. It contains some of the most beautiful frescos of Raphael. Chigi was famed for his display of princely magnificence and luxury. He gave here- the building is said to have been built expressly for the purpose -most extravagant entertainments. On the occasion of a sumptuous banquet to Leo X. and the cardinals, three fish served upon the table are said to have cost 250 crowns, and the gold and silver plate to have been thrown into the Tiber as soon as used.

"The Palazzo Farnesina, the splendid monument of the taste and

magnificence of Agostino Chigi, is a pilgrim-shrine in art, because it contains the finest expression of Raphael's genius, when manifesting itself in purely secular forms." Hillard.

"Peruzzi's most beautiful build. ing is the Farnesina. Vasari says just ly that it seems not formed by masonry, but born out of the ground, so com. plete does it stand there in its charming solitariness. At the present day it is forsaken, its open halls are walled up, the paintings on the outer walls are faded or fallen away with the mortar. But by degrees, as we become absorbed in the paintings, the feeling of transitoriness vanishes." Grimm, Trans.

Note.-The Farnesina has been recently restored to an elegant and habitable condition. See GALATEA.

Farringdon Market. A market in London, erected in place of Fleet Market, opened in 1829. See FLEET MARKET.

Fast Castle. This ancient fortress in Scotland is the original of "Wolf's Crag," in Scott's novel of the "Bride of Lammermoor." Fasti Consulares. Famous tablets containing a list of all the consuls and public officers of Rome to the time of Augustus. They are still legible, though much mutilated. In the Hall of the Conservators, Rome.

Fata Morgana. A singular atmospheric phenomenon, quite similar to the mirage, which, under certain conditions of the elements, is observed in the Straits of Messina, between the coasts of Calabria and Sicily, and which is sometimes, though rarely, seen upon other coasts. It consists of multiplied images in the air of the hills, groves, buildings, people, and other objects on the surrounding coasts. These images are inverted, and the whole forms a sort of moving spectacle. It is popularly thought to be the work of the fairy of the same name.

"On Calabria's side lay Reggio, which a few weeks previously had suffered terribly from an earthquake. Now every thing lay in a warm, smiling sunlight; yet the smile of the coast here has in it something like witchcraft. My thoughts were on the mil

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