Four Elements. Celebrated pictures by Francesco Albani (1578– .1660). In the Borghese palace at Rome, and also at Turin, Italy. Four Evangelists. A celebrated picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). In the Grosvenor Gallery, London.

"As a striking instance of this mistaken style of treatment [too rigid adherence to nature], we may turn to the famous group of the Four Erangelists by Rubens, grand, colossal, stand. ing, or rather moving figures, each with his emblem, if emblems they can be called, which are almost as full of reality as nature itself."

Four-in-Hand Club.

Mrs. Jameson.

The most prosperous days of this London club were in the time of George the Fourth (1820-1830). The noted Lord Onslow was a member, ridiculed in the following epigram:

What can Tommy Onslow do?
He can drive a coach and two.
Can Tommy Onslow do no more?
He can drive a coach and four.

"The vehicles of the Club which were formerly used are described as of a hybrid class, quite as elegant as pri vate carriages, and lighter than even the mails. They were horsed with the finest animals that money could secure.

The master generally drove the team, often a nobleman of high rank, who commonly copied the dress of a mail coachman. The company usually rode outside; but two footmen in rich liveries were indispensable on the back seat, nor was it at all uncommon to see some splendidly attired female on the box. A rule of the Club was, that all members should turn out three times a

week; and the start was made at midday, from the neighborhood of Picea dilly, through which they passed to the Windsor-road, the attendants of each carriage playing on their silver bugles. From 12 to 20 of these handsome vehicles often left London together." Timbs.

Four Marys. An admired and celebrated picture by Annibale Caracci (1560-1609). At Castle Howard, England.

"On comparing this with Raphael's conception, we find more of common nature, quite as much pathos, but in the forms less of that pure poetic grace which softens at once and heightens the tragic effect."

Mrs. Jameson. Four Philosophers. A celebrated portrait-picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), in the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy.

Four Quarters of the World. A picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), in the gallery of Vienna, and considered one of his most admirable works. Four Seasons.

1. A well-known picture by Francesco Albani (15781660). In the Palazzo Borghese, Rome.

"The Seasons, by Francesco faAlbani, were beyond all others my vorite pieces."

Hans Christian Andersen.

2. A picture by Antoine François Callet (1741-1823). In the Louvre, Paris.

Four Sibyls. A series of wellknown pictures by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing the Sibyls, with angels holding tablets. They were painted for the Chigi Chapel in the church of S. Maria della Pace, Rome.

"These are among the most perfect specimens of Raphael's ma turer pencil, combining equal grandeur and grace. An interesting comparison may be instituted between this work and the Sibyls of Michael Angelo. In each we find the peculiar excellence of the two great masters; for while Michael Angelo's figures are sublime, profound, and entirely new, the fresco of the Pace bears the impress of Ra phael's more serene and sympathetic grace." Eastlake.

any, except such as are seen at watering-places: and I shall probably never see another; for it is one of the good deeds of Louis Philippe's government, that, after having abolished lotteries, it has now ordered all public gaming. houses to be closed from Jan. 1, 1838,that is, in two days. This evening we found the rooms full, but not crowded." George Ticknor.

"As we drove from the court, my companion, pulling the cordon, ordered to Frascati's. This, you know, of course, is the fashionable place of ruin; and here the heroes of all novels, and the rakes of all comedies, mar or make their fortunes. An evening dress and the look of a gentleman are the only required passport. Four large rooms, plainly but handsomely furnished, opened into each other, three of which were devoted to play and crowded with players." N. P. Willis. Frauenkirche, Die. [The Church of Our Lady.] A noted church in Dresden, Saxony. Its stone dome withstood the heaviest bombs during the war with Frederick the Great.

Frederick, Fort. See FORT FRED

ERICK.

Frederick the Great. An equestrian statue in bronze, modelled by Christian Rauch (1777-1857), and upon which he was employed 10 years. It was erected in the Unter den Linden, Berlin, in 1851. The statue is 17 feet in height upon a pedestal of 25 feet in height, and upon the four sides of this pedestal are 31 portraitfigures of the size of life. This statue is regarded as one of the finest monuments in Europe. Freemasons' Tavern. A noted tavern in London, used among other purposes for public meetings.

What Act of Parliament, debate at St. Stephen's, on the hustings or elsewhere, was it that brought this Shakespeare into being? Us dining at Freemasons' Tavern, opening subscription-lists, selling of shares, and infinite other jangling, and true or false endeavoring! Carlyle. Freiburg Minster. One of the noblest Gothic churches in Germany. It is a grand and gloomy pile, dating from the eleventh century, with a tower of beautiful fretwork, rising to the height of 395 feet.

French Academy. See ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE.

Freshwater Cave. A romantic and curious cavern on the Isle of Wight, much frequented by tourists.

Friar Bacon's Brazen Head. The most famous of all brazen heads was that of Roger Bacon, a monk of the thirteenth century. According to the legend, Bacon was occupied for seven years in constructing such a head; and he expected to be told by it how he could make a wall of brass around the whole island of Great Britain. The head was warranted to speak within a month after it was finished, but no particular time was named for its doing so. Bacon's man was therefore set to watch, with orders to call his master if the head should speak. At the end of half an hour after the man was left alone with the head, he heard it say, "Time is;" at the expiration of another half-hour,

Time was;" and at the end of a third half-hour, "Time's past," when it fell down with a loud crash, and was shivered to pieces; but the stupid servant neglected to awake his master, thinking that he would be very angry to be disturbed for such trifles; and so the wall of brass has never been built.

In the Middle Ages there was a pretty wide-spread belief in the existence of a talking brazen head, the invention of which was variously as cribed to persons living at different times and in different countries. William of Malmesbury, an old monkish historian, says that Gerbert, a famous French ecclesiastic, made such a head, which would speak when spoken to, and would give oracular answers to what ever questions were propounded to it. He relates, moreover, that Gerbert in quired of it whether he would ever be pope, and that the head told him he would. The prediction happened to prove true; for Gerbert afterwards became pope, under the name of Silvester the Second. In another instance, bow. ever, the oracle made a most unfortu nate blunder; for it foretold that Silvester should not die until he had sung mass in Jerusalem, whereas he actually

died in Rome, with the prophecy unfulfilled. Albertus Magnus, one of the greatest of the old schoolmen, is alleged to have made an entire man out of brass, which not only answered ques tions very readily and correctly, but was so loquacious that Thomas Aquinas, a reserved and contemplative person, at that time a pupil to Albertus Magnus, and subsequently an illus trious doctor of the church,-knocked the image to pieces merely to stop its talking.

But the thing we meant to enforce, was this comfortable fact, that no known Head was so wooden, but there might be other heads to which it were a genius and Friar Bacon's Oracle. Carlyle. Friedrich

Strasse. [Frederick Street.] An important street and thoroughfare in Berlin, Prussia. Frog-Pond. A small basin of water in Boston Common, regarded by the inhabitants with an esteem disproportioned to its size.

"There are those who speak lightly of this small aqueous expanse, the eye of the sacred enclosure, which has looked unwinking on the happy faces of so many natives and the curi ous features of so many strangers. The music of its twilight minstrels has long ceased, but their memory lingers like an echo in the name it bears.

For

After a man begins to attack the StateHouse, when he gets bitter about the Frog pond, you may be sure there is not much left of him. Holmes.

Frogmore. A favorite residence of members of the royal family near Windsor, England.

Frolic, The. A British war-sloop taken by the American sloop-ofwar, the Wasp, under the command of Capt.. Jacob Jones, in 1812. This victory of the latter caused great exultation throughout the United States. Congress voted Jones the thanks of the nation and a gold medal.

Frugal Meal. An admired picture by John Frederick Herring (17941865). In the National Gallery, London.

Fruit-venders, The. A picture by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1618-1682). In the Pinakothek, Munich, Bavaria.

Fuentes. A ruined fort on a rocky eminence at the head of Lake Como, Italy.

Fuentes once harbored the good and the brave,

Nor to her was the dance of soft pleasure unknown;

Her banners for festal enjoyment did wave While the thrill of her fifes through the mountains was blown. Wordsworth.

Fuite de Jacob. [Jacob's Flight.] A picture by Adrian van der Velde (1639-1672), the Dutch painter. In Sir R. Wallace's collection, at Bethnal Green, London.

Fulham Palace. An ancient mansion, the residence of the bishops of London.

Fuller's Field. A locality in Jerusalem mentioned in the Scriptures (Isa.vii. 3; 2 Kings, xviii. 17), and which is believed to be identified with a road, or tract, lying along the pool now called by the Arabs Birket-el-Mamilla.

Fulton Street. The main thoroughfare of Brooklyn, N.Y. Fulton's Folly. See CLERMONT. Furcula Caudine. See CAUDINE

Furnival's Inn. Formerly an Inn of Chancery in London, so called from Sir William Furnival, a former owner of the land. This Inn of Chancery was attached to Lincoln's Inn. It was rebuilt in 1818. Sir Thomas More was a " reader" here. Dickens began the "Pickwick Papers" in chambers at Furnival's Inn.

Fury, The. An Arctic exploring ship which sailed from England in 1824 under the command of Sir William Edward Parry (17901855). She was wrecked in the northern seas.

Fyvie Castle. An ancient and interesting mansion, with many historical associations, near Fyvie, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.