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city of Frankfort-on-the-Main. | Golden Gate. An ancient gate The bronze pedestal contains bas-reliefs representing scenes in Goethe's poems.

Gog and Magog. Names applied to two huge figures of wood, about 14 feet in height, in the Guildhall, London. These celebrated statues are thought to be connected with the Gotmagot and Corinæus of the Armorican chronicle which Geoffrey of Monmouth quotes, from the former of which names both the modern appellations are supposed to be derived. Hawthorne says that they look like enormous playthings for the children of giants. Mother Shipton has a prophecy that when these statues fall, London will also fall.

"Our Guildhall giants boast of almost as high an antiquity as the Gog and Magog of the Scriptures; as they, or their living prototypes, are said to have been found in Britain by Brute, a younger son of Anthenor of Troy, who invaded Albion, and founded the city of London (at first called Troy-novant), 3,000 years ago. However the fact may have been, the two giants have been the pride of London from time imme. morial. There can be little doubt that these civic giants are exaggerated representatives of real persons and events." Chambers.

...

"These absurd monsters look like painted and gilded toys, made to please the boys of Brobdignag. Words can hardly express their gigantic child. ishness. Why they are retained in their present position, and how they ever came there, seem to be beyond conjecture. They have not even the glamour of antiquity upon them... They stand there, wonderful and ridiculous witnesses to the immobility of British Philistinism."

Richard Grant White.

Nor had Fancy fed
With less delight upon that other class
Of marvels, broad-day wonders perma-

nent:

The river proudly bridged; the dizzy top And Whispering Gallery of St. Paul's; the tombs

Of Westminster; the giants of Guildhall.

Wordsworth. Going to Market. A large landscape picture, so called, by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), now in Windsor Castle, England.

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in Constantinople (Byzantium), much celebrated by the Byzantine writers, but which is now 'sought for in vain; though a gate, now wholly blocked up, with two mean pillars supporting a low arch, is sometimes shown to travellers for it." Golden Gate.

An ancient portal bearing this name, in the Haram at Jerusalem occupying the site of the Jewish Temple.

Golden Gate. A portal in the
Mosque of Omar at Jerusalem.

肪 "Well walled up, and constant-
ly guarded; the Mohammedans having
a tradition that if ever they are driven
out from possession, it will be by the
Jews or Christians entering at this
gate."
Miss Martineau.
Golden Gate. A celebrated strait
connecting the harbor of San
Francisco, Cal., with the ocean.

Up the long western steppes the blighting
steals;

Down the Pacific slope the evil Fate
Glides like a shadow to the Golden Gate:
From sea to sea the drear eclipse is thrown.
Whittier.

The air is chill, and the day grows late,
And the clouds come in through the Gold-
en Gate:

Phantom fleets they seem to me,
From a shoreless and unsounded sea.
E. Pollock.

Within this Golden Gate, the noblest,
surely,

Of all the entrances of all the seas,
The Asian barks-of-hope float in securely,
And furl their lateen sails, and ride at
H. Morford.

ease.

A truce to moralizing, for we are approaching the Golden Gate. Smiles.

Golden Grove. The seat of the Earl of Cawdor in Caermarthenshire, Wales. The present building is modern; but the former house was memorable from its associations with Jeremy Taylor, who resided here for a time, and composed some of his chief works, one of which was entitled the "Golden Grove."

Golden Hind. The vessel in which Sir Francis Drake (1540?-1595) circumnavigated the globe, reaching home in 1579.

Golden Horn. A famous inlet of the Bosporus at Constantinople, Turkey. The city lies between the Sea of Marmora and the Bosporus on the south and east, and the Golden Horn on the north.

We swept around the Golden Horn, . and now lay in the harbor which extends into the sweet waters. Hans Christian Andersen.

Golden House. [Lat. Aurea Domus.] The celebrated palace of Nero upon the Palatine, Esquiline, and Cœlian Hills, at Rome. Merivale says that it was the old mansion of Augustus and the house of Mæcenas, connected by a long series of arches and columns. Titus and Trajan erected baths upon a part of the same site, and the ruins of these and other buildings are now mingled in inextricable confusion. We are told by Suetonius and others of the great magnificence of Nero's palace: that its whole interior was covered with gold and with gems; that it was adorned with the finest paintings and statues the world could furnish; that it had triple porticos a mile in length, and a circular banquethall which perpetually revolved in imitation of the motion of the sun. We read, also, of vaulted ivory ceilings which opened and scattered flowers upon the guests, and of golden pipes that poured over them showers of soft perfumes. It is related that when Nero surveyed its costliness and immense extent he declared that he should now "be lodged like a man. See PALACE OF THE CASARS.

"To give an idea of the extent and beauty of this edifice, it is sufficient

to mention that in its vestibule was placed his [Nero's] colossal statue, one hundred and twenty feet in height. It has a triple portico, supported by a thousand columns, with a lake like a little sea, surrounded by buildings which resemble cities. It contained pasture-grounds and groves in which were all descriptions of animals, wild and tame." Suetonius, Trans. Without it, proud Versailles! thy glory falls:

And Nero's terraces desert their walls.

Pope.

Hark! the owlet's cry,

That, like a muttering sibyl, makes her cell Mid Nero's house of gold, with clustering bats

And gliding lizards. L. H. Sigourney. Golden Rose. In former times the golden rose was sent annually from Rome by the popes to sovereign princes. The consecration of it took place in the Basilica of Sta. Croce in Gerusalemine, Rome. It was regarded as a gift of peculiar mystery and sanctity, representing by its gold, its odor, and its balm, the godhead, the body and the soul of the Redeemer, and was only bestowed by the popes upon sovereigns who were the most loyal servants of the church." Leo the Ninth, who was elected pope in 1048, is said to have entered into a compact with the monastery of Sainte Croix in Alsace, by which the monastery was bound to send a golden rose every year to the head of the Roman Church. The ceremony of the benediction of the rose takes place on the fourth Sunday in Lent.

Golden Square. A district in London made famous by Charles Dickens in his novel of "Nicholas Nickleby."

"It is one of the squares that have been, a quarter of the town that has gone down in the world, and taken to letting lodgings." Dickens.

Golden Staircase. [Ital. Scala d'Oro.] A celebrated staircase in the Doge's Palace, Venice, Italy. It derives its name from the elaborate way in which it is adorned.

Golden Tree. See ALBERO D'ORO. Goldene Aue. [The Golden Meadow.] A beautiful valley, so called, not far from Nordhausen in Germany. It is watered by the river Helme.

Goldsmiths' Hall. A building in

Cheapside, London, belonging to the Company of Goldsmiths, one of the ancient city guilds. It was built after a design by Philip Hardwick, and was opened for use in July, 1835.

Golgotha. See CALVARY.

Goliath's Castle. The foundations of a ruined tower in Jerusalem, now called Kul' at-el-Jâlûd, the castle of Goliath.

Gondo. See GALLERY OF GONDO and GORGE of Gondo. Good Samaritan. A picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1606-1669), the Dutch painter. It is now in the Louvre, Paris. Goodman's Fields Theatre. A theatre in London, first opened in 1729, and taken down about 1746. Garrick first appeared in London at this theatre, in 1741, as Richard III.

Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn mad after? There are a dozen dukes of a night in Goodman's Fields sometimes. Gray.

His [Johnson's] pupil, David Garrick, had, in 1741, made his appearance on a humble stage in Goodman's Fields, had at once risen to the first place among actors, and was now, after several years of almost uninterrupted success, manager of Drury Lane Theatre. Macaulay.

Goodwood. The splendid seat of the Duke of Richmond, near Chichester, England.

Goosetree's Club. See ALMACK'S CLUB.

Gordon Castle. The seat of the Duke of Richmond, near Fochabers, Scotland. It is the chief mansion in that part of the country.

Gore Hall. A granite building containing the library of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. It was designed to be a copy of the famous King's College Chapel in Cambridge, England; but the recent addition of a wing, for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the building, has impaired the resemblance.

Gorge of Gondo. On the route of the Simplon pass, Switzerland. This is one of the wildest and grandest ravines among the Alps. Its precipitous walls completely overhang the road.

"Few scenes in Europe are more impressive than the Gorge of Gondo. The dizzy plunge of the snow-white torrent, the steep, dark

rocks of slate, crested with trees, and the thread-like stream winding away far below over its pebbly bed, derive new beauty and significance from the work of human skill which enables the traveller to observe them so safely and Hillard. so completely."

Gorge of Pfäffers. An extraordinary chasm or ravine near Ragatz, Switzerland. Gorges du Trient. A remarkable chasm in the neighborhood of Martigny, Switzerland, some

what resembling the Gorge of Pfäffers.

Gorner Glacier. A famous Alpine glacier in Switzerland. This glacier is more extensive than the Mer de Glace at Chamouni, and is joined in its course by ten other glaciers.

Gorner Grat. A rocky ridge in Switzerland. It commands a most magnificent prospect. Monte Rosa and the Matterhorn are in full view, and the spectator is surrounded by glaciers and snowpeaks. Gosford House.

The seat of the Earl of Wemyss, near Berwick, Scotland.

Goswell Street. A street in London. Dickens, in the "Pickwick Papers," places here the house of Mrs. Bardell.

Goswell Street was at his [Pickwick's] feet, Goswell Street was on his right hand, as far as the eye could reach Goswell Street extended on his left, and the opposite side of Goswell Street was over the way.

Dickens.

With this little boy, the only pledge of her departed exciseman, Mrs. Bardell shrunk from the world, and courted the retirement and tranquillity of Goswell Street; and here she placed in her frontparlor window a written placard, bearing this inscription, "Apartments furnished for a single gentleman. Enquire within." Dickens.

Gothard. See DOGS OF ST. GOTHARD, and HOSPICE OF THE ST. GOTHARD.

Gough Square. See note under JOHNSON'S COURT.

"It is, perhaps, Gough Square, to w hich one of the little passages out of Fr eet Street leads, that most faithfully reserves the memory of Johnson. It is rather a court than a square;

so small is it that carriages could never have entered, and it is surrounded with good old brick houses that in their day were of some pretensions. A worthy society has fixed a tablet in the wall, recording that here lived Samuel Johnson. There is a pleasant flavor of grave old fashion and retirement about the place; and little has, as yet, been touched or pulled down. Johnson's house faces us, and is about the most conspicuous. He had, of course, merely rooms; as it is a rather large mansion, a little shaken and awry, queerly shaped about the upper story, but snug and compact." Fitzgerald. Goumont. See HOUGOUMONT. Government Street. The principal avenue and favorite promenade in Mobile, Ala.

Graben. A noted street in Vienna, Austria.

Grace Church. This church, with its rectory, on Broadway, New York, is built of marble in a florid Gothic style. It has a tall and graceful spire.

Grace, Val de. See VAL De Grace. Graces. See THREE GRACES. Gräfenburg. A castle in Rhenish

Prussia, near Trarbach, once one of the strongest fortresses on the Moselle.

Grafton House. An ancient ma

nor house, and historically one of the most interesting of the English halls; the seat of the Duke of Grafton, near Towcester. Graham's Dike. The name popularly given in Scotland to the remains of the old Roman Wall of Antoninus. See WALL OF ANTONINUS.

Gran Duca, Piazza del. See PIAZZA DELLA SIGNORIA.

Granary, The. An ancient burialground in Boston, Mass., situated on Tremont Street, adjoining Park-street Church. Here are buried Peter Faneuil, Paul Revere, Chief Justice Sewall, John Hancock, and Samuel Adams, as well as several of the old colonial governors of Massachusetts. On the street bordering this cemetery formerly stood the Paddock

elms, transplanted from England and placed here in 1762, but lately reinoved.

Grand Canal. [Ital. Canale Grande.] The principal canal and main water- thoroughfare of Venice, Italy.

"Nay, what potenter magic needs my Venice to revivify her past whenever she will, than the serpent cunning of her Grand Canal. Launched upon this great S, have I not seen hardened travellers grow sentimental, and has not this prodigious sibilant, in my hearing, inspired white-haired Puritan ministers of the gospel to quote out of the guide-book that line from Byron.' For myself I must count as half-lost the year spent in Venice before I took a house upon the Grand Canal. There alone can existence have the perfect local flavor. But by what witchery touched, one's being suffers the common sea-change till life at last seems to ebb and flow with the tide in that wonder-avenue of palaces, it would be idle to attempt to tell." W. D. Howells.

4"As we are borne along the Grand Canal the attention is every moment attracted by the splendid show on either side. The long wave which the prow turns over is dashed against a wall of marble-fronted palaces, the names of which, carelessly mentioned by the gondolier, awaken trails of golden memories in the mind."

Hillard.

"We procured four or five gondoliers, and, embarking just at dark, rowed down the Grand Canal towards the Lagune. As soon as we were fairly in motion they began to sing. They took at first Tasso, and began in a sort of recitative, and in their soft Venetian dialect to chant the Episode of Armida. At first it did not produce much effect; but the recurrence of the same melody in the recitative soon got the command of our feelings, and it became striking. Wordsworth, who was with us, enjoyed it very much." George Ticknor.

Grand Canal at Venice.

A fine picture by Antonio Canaletto (1697-1768). Now in the Soane Museum, London.

Grand Cañon of the Yellowstone. A picture by Thomas Moran (b. 1837). Purchased by Congress, and now in the Capitol at Washington.

Grand Galerie de Louis XIV. See GALERIE DES GLACES.

Grand Trianon. A charming residence near the palace of Versailles, built in 1688 by Louis XIV. It contains valuable paintings and portraits of several of the kings and queens of France. It has been occupied by Madame de Maintenon, Louis XIV., Louis XV., and Louis XVI., and by Napoleon. It is like an Italian palace, with the rooms all on one floor. There was also another château in the park of Versailles, called Trianon de porcelaine. This was demolished in 1687. See PETIT TRIANON.

The

4"The Grand Trianon built for Madame Maintenon is a very lovely spot, made more interesting by the preference given to it over all other places by Marie Antoinette. Here she amused herself with her Swiss village. cottages and artificial 'mountains' (10 feet high, perhaps) are exceedingly pretty models in miniature, and proba bly illustrate very fairly the ideas of a palace-bred fancy upon natural scenery. There are glens and grottos and rocky beds for brooks that run at will ( les rivieres à volonté', the guide calls them), and trees set out upon the crags at most uncomfortable angles, and every contrivance to make a lovely lawn as inconveniently like nature as pos sible. The Swiss families, however, must have been very amusing. Brought fresh from their wild country, and set down in these pretty mock cottages with orders to live just as they did in their own mountains, they must have been charmingly puzzled.'

N. P. Willis.

Behold him [Rohan] even, with his red stockings, at dusk, in the Garden of Trianon: he has bribed the Concierge; will see her Majesty in spite of Etiquette and Fate; peradventure, pitying his long sad king'sevil, she will touch him, and heal him." Carlyle.

She [Marie Antoinette] indeed discarded Etiquette: once, when her carriage broke down, she even entered a hackney-coach. She would walk, too, at Trianon, in mere straw hat, and, perhaps, muslin gown!

Carlyle.

Grande Chartreuse. A celebrated monastery, founded in 1137, situated in a wild mountain region on the borders of Savoy. The buildings consist of an immense mass of masonry, towers, and roofs, surrounded by a wall extending more than a mile in cir

cumference. The monks are of the order of La Trappe, and the discipline which enjoins silence is of the severest kind.

"On my way from the Pyrenees to Germany, turned aside from the Rhone highway of travel to make acquaintance with a place of which everybody has heard, yet which seems to have been partly dropped from the rapid itineraries which have come into fashion with railways. This is the cele. brated monastery called the Grande Chartreuse.' . During the last century, when Gray and Horace Walpole penetrated into those solitudes, it was a well-known point of interest in the 'grand tour;' but it seems to have been neglected during and since the great upheaval of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic empire. The name, however, is kept alive on the tongues of gourmands by a certain greenish, pungent, perfumed liquor, which comes upon their tables at the end of dinner." Bayard Taylor.

And now, emerging from the forest's gloom,

I greet thee, Chartreuse, while I mourn

thy doom.

Whither is filed that power whose frown

severe

Awed sober Reason till she crouched in fear? Wordsworth.

Grandes Reliques. [The Grand Relics.] A name of general application, but commonly and familiarly applied to the sacred relics preserved in the treasury, or sacristy, of the Cathedral of Aixla-Chapelle, in Rhenish Prussia. These relics are publicly exhib ited once in seven years. So great is the curiosity to see them that it is said more than 180,000 visitors flocked to the spot in a single year. They comprise, among other things, the skull of Charlemagne, and his hunting-horn, the leathern girdle of Christ, a nail of the cross, the sponge that was dipped in vinegar, the cotton robe worn by the Virgin Mary at the Nativity, the swaddling-clothes of the infant Saviour, the cloth on which the head of John the Baptist was laid, and so forth. These relics, with the exception of the first two, are said to have been presented to Charlemagne by the Patriarch of Jerusalem and by the celebrated Haroun-alRaschid.

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