Grands Mulets. The name given to a mass of black rocks on the side of Mont Blanc, well known to Alpine travellers, who, when making the ascent of the mountain, are accustomed to pass the night here.

Granja, La. [The Grange.] A royal palace in Spain, near Madrid, built by Philip V. in the style of a French château. It stands at an elevation of 3,840 feet above the level of the sea, amid wild mountain scenery. It derives its name from a grange, or farmhouse, of monks which formerly occupied the site. [Also called San Ildefonso.]

"St. Ildefonso, or, as it is commonly called here, La Granja, is situ ated where no other monarch's palace is, in the region of the clouds; since it is higher up than the crater of Vesuvius, and precisely at that elevation where the great clouds are commonly formed in summer. Philip was a Frenchman, who knew of nothing and conceived of nothing more beautiful than Versailles. La Granja, therefore, is its miniature." George Ticknor.

And in the vale below, Where yonder steeples flash like lifted halberds,

San Ildefonso, from its noisy belfries,
Sends up a salutation to the morn,
As if an army smote their brazen shields,
And shouted victory!
Longfellow.

Grange, The. An old mansion the home of Alexander Hamilton near High Bridge, on the Harlem River, N.Y. Near the house is a cluster of thirteen trees which he planted, and named after the thirteen original States. It is said that the South-Carolina tree is the only one that grew up crooked.

Grange, New. See NEW GRANGE.

Granville, Grotto of. See GROTTO OF GRANVILLE.

Gray's Inn. One of the Inns of

Court in London. Lord Bacon was a member of Gray's Inn, and here sketched his great work, the "Organum," though law was his principal study. He dedicated his essays "from my chamber at Graie's Inn, this 30 of Januarie, 1597." This inn, which Stow says

SO

has been "a goodly house since Edward III.'s time," was called from Edmund, Lord Gray of Wilton (time of Henry VII.). The Hall was finished in 1560. The men of Gray's Inn had their revels, masques, and interludes. The Society of Gray's Inn drink publicly only one toast," to the glorious, pious, and immortal memory of Queen Elizabeth." Dickens, in his "Uncommercial Traveller," gives a description of Gray's Inn. See INNER TEMPLE. Gray's Inn is a great quiet domain, quadrangle beyond quadrangle, close beside Holborn, and a large space of greensward enclosed within it. Nothing else in London is so like the effect of a spell, as to pass under one of these archways, and find yourself transported from the jumble, rush, tumult, uproar, as of an age of week-days condensed into the present hour, into what seems an eternal Sabbath." Hawthorne.

Gray's-Inn Gardens. A fashionable promenade in London in the time of Charles II. Lord Bacon originally planted the trees in Gray's-Inn Gardens, though the same trees are not now standing.

When church was done, my wife and

I walked to Graye's Inne, to observe the fashions of the ladies, because of my wife's making some clothes. Pepys, May, 1662. Gray's Inn for walks, Lincoln's Inn for wall,

The Inner Temple for a garden, and the Middle for a hall.

See PONTE

Grazie, Ponte alle. ALLE GRAZIE. Great Bed of Ware. In Shakespeare's comedy of "Twelfth Night," the jolly Sir Toby Belch says to that charming simpleton Sir Andrew Ague-cheek, who is about to write a challenge, "As many lies as will lie in thy sheet of paper, although the sheet were big enough for the bed of Ware in England, set 'em down." The piece of furniture here alluded to is a very curious, carved, oaken bedstead, still preserved in an inn called the "Saracen's Head," at Ware. It bears the date 1460, but is said by antiquarians to be not older than the

time of Queen Elizabeth (1558-| 1603); so that it must have been comparatively new in 1601, when Shakespeare is supposed to have written the "Twelfth Night.' It measures twelve feet square, and is surmounted by a heavy roof, or canopy, supported by a very high head-board, and by elaborately turned and carved posts at the foot. A few years ago it was put up for sale by auction, and Charles Dickens offered 100 guineas ($500) for it; but it was valued at a higher sum, and was consequently bid in by the

owner.

Great Bell of Moscow. See EMPEROR OF BELLS.

Great Bell of St. Paul's. This bell of London is only used at the death and funeral of members of the royal family, the bishop of the diocese, the dean of the cathedral, and the lord-mayor of London (while holding office). It was cast in 1716, weighs 5 tons 4 cwt., and is 6 feet 10 inches in diameter at the mouth.

Little Britain has its long catalogue of city wonders, which its inhabitants consider the wonders of the word; such as the Great Bell of St. Paul's, which sours ail the beer when it tolls. Irving.

Great Comstock Lode. See CoмSTOCK LODE.

Great Conception of Seville. A celebrated picture by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1617-1682), representing the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin, called "the Great Conception," from its colossal size. In the gallery at Seville, Spain.

Great Eastern. A well-known mammoth steamship, without doubt the largest vessel ever built, originally designed for the Australian trade around the Cape of Good Hope. The vessel was intended to transport 1,000 passengers, 5,000 tons of merchandise, and 15,000 tons of coal for fuel. She was several years building, and was launched in 1857-58 with the broadside toward the river, but not until after various unsuccessful

efforts had been made, with an expenditure of some $300,000. For a year she plied between England and the United States, but without earning sufficient to pay the running expenses. In 1861 she was employed to convey 2,000 troops from England to Canada. In 1864 she was employed to lay the Atlantic cable, and has since been repeatedly used for the same purpose. For ordinary traffic she has proved an expensive luxury, having cost, so far, it is said, some $25,000,000, including repairs, and has never returned a quarter of that sum.

What must be the natural excellence of the harbor of Portland will be understood when it is borne in mind that the Great Eastern can enter it at all times, and that it can lay along the wharves at any hour of the tide. Anthony Trollope.

Great Gun of Moscow. A famous piece of ordnance preserved in the Kremlin at Moscow, Russia, and popularly called the "pocketpiece' of the Empress Anne. The diameter of the bore is three feet, but the gun is said never to have been used.

Great Harry. This was the first double-decked vessel, and the first war-vessel of any size, built in England. She was constructed in 1509, by order of King Henry the Seventh, in honor of whom she was named. She was of 1,000 tons' burden, measured 138 feet in length and 38 feet in breadth, from outside to outside, carried 80 guns, and cost upwards of £14,000. Her stem and stern were very lofty; and she carried four masts, according to the fashion of the time. She had three flush-decks, a forecastle, halfdeck, quarter-deck, and roundhouse. Down to the year 1545, the Great Harry was the only vessel of her kind in the British service. She was accidentally burned at Woolwich in 1553, in her forty-fifth year.

And above them all, and strangest of all, Towered the Great Harry, crank and tall, Whose picture was hanging on the wall, With bows and stern raised high in air, And balconies hanging here and there,

And signal-lanterns and flags afloat,
And eight round towers, like those that
frown

From some old castle, looking down
Upon the drawbridge and the moat.

Longfellow.

Great Mogul, Court of the. See COURT OF THE GREAT MOGUL. Great Peter. 1. The oldest of the existing great bells in England is Great Peter of Exeter. Its predecessor was of the date of 1484. The present bell was cast in 1676, weighs 6 tons 5 cwt., and is 6 feet 4 inches in diameter at the mouth.

2. Great "Peter of York" was cast in 1845, weighs 12 tons 10 cwt., and is 8 feet 4 inches in diameter at the mouth.

Great Pyramid. This oldest monument of Egypt and of the world, near Gheezeh and Cairo, was founded about 5,000 years ago by Cheops, or Suphis, who is said to have employed 100,000 men at a time on the work, who were relieved by the same number every three months. The work occupied twenty years, besides ten for constructing the causeway by which the immense stones were conveyed from the Arabian hills. It was undoubtedly designed for a tomb as well as for astronomical purposes. It covers an area of 577,600 square feet,' and is 484 feet in perpendicular height. The view from the summit is extensive and interesting, including as it does the Nile, the minarets of Cairo, the pyramids of Abooseer, Sakkára and Dashoor, and a wide expanse of desert. The principal apartment in the pyramid is called the King's Chamber: in it is a sarcophagus, which is without sculptures or hieroglyphics. There are also many other apartments, one of which is called the Queen's Chamber. It is said that the pyramid was first opened by the Caliph Mamoon, about the year 820 A.D.; but it is quite probable that it had been previously opened. Arab historians relate that a statue enclosing a body supposed to be that of the king,

was found in the sarcophagus; but this statement is not wholly trustworthy. The second pyramid, as it is called, near the Great Pyramid, contains one main chamber in which is a sarcophagus. The third pyramid, though much smaller than the others, excels them by having a coating of beautiful red granite from Syene.

"The area of the Great Pyramid is more than twice the extent of that at St. Peter's at Rome, or of any other building in the world. Its height is equal to the highest spire of any cathedral in Europe; for though it has been attempted to erect higher buildings, in no instance has this yet been successfully achieved. Even the third pyramid covers more ground than any Gothic cathedral, and the mass of materials it contains far surpasses that of any erection we possess in Europe." Fergusson.

"Profound as is the impression created at the foot of the pyramid, where the spectator, face to face with the enormous mass, loses the full view of the angles and the summit, —it is only after ascending to the top that he obtains a just idea of the whole, and finds expectation eclipsed by reality. From the summit the eye might traverse a distance of 36 miles were the human vision capable of distinguishing objects so far away. A stone thrown with the greatest possible force does not clear the base, but usually falls upon some of the lower steps. Owing to a common optical illusion, he who casts the stone imagines that he has sent his missile to a great distance: but as the eye follows it, the stone seems to turn back; and it falls only at the foot of the vast structure."

Lefevre, Trans.

On every accession to the throne a new seal is struck; and the old one is cut into four pieces, and deposited in the Tower of London."

Nay, more; I can say and will say, that, as a Peer of Parliament, as a Speaker of this right honorable House, as Keeper of the Great Seal, as Guardian of his Majesty's conscience, as Lord High Chancellor of England, -nay, even in that character alone, in which the noble Duke would think it an affront to be considered, but which character none can deny me,as a MAN,-I am, at this moment, as respectable-I beg leave to add, I am as much respected-as the proudest peer I now look down upon. Lord Thurlow.

Great Square. See PLACE MÉHÉMET ALI and PLAZA MAYOR. Great Stone Face. See PROFILE, THE.

Great Tom. 1. A famous bell in the tower of Christ Church College, Oxford, England. It was cast in 1681, weighs 17,000 pounds, and is seven feet in diameter at the mouth. The original bell belonged to Osney Abbey, and was inscribed, "In Thomæ laude resono Bim Bom sine fraude."

One hundred and one times the mighty sound,

Such as when Vulcan forged the wargod's shield,

Startled the Lemnian shepherd in his field,

Hath Christ-church giant bell swung out
around,

And the night songster's voice melodious
drowned.
J. B. Norton.

2. A famous_bell, formerly in Westminster Palace, London, afterwards given or sold by William III. to dean and chapter of St. Paul's, and then broken and recast. See BIG BEN.

"There was formerly a 'Great Tom of Westminster,' which was sold for St. Paul's Cathedral in 1698; but, as though he determined never to give out a sound of his voice away from his own place, as he was being conveyed by Temple Bar-the boundary of Westminster and London-he rolled off the carriage and was broken. In 1708 he was recast by Philip WightL. Jewitt.

man."

3. [of Lincoln.] The celebrated bell of this name was cast, with additional material, from a still older bell, in 1610. This "Tom" was the predecessor of

the present bell, which was cast in 1834, weighs 5 tons 8 cwt., and is 6 feet 10 inches in diameter at the mouth.

4. A celebrated bell in the tower of St. Peter's Cathedral, in Exeter, England. This bell weighs 12,500 pounds.

Great Tun of Heidelberg. See TUN OF HEIDELBERG.

Great Wall of China. A famous structure traversing the northern boundary of the Chinese empire, carried over hills, valleys, and rivers. Its length is over 1,200 miles, its height 20 feet, its thickness 25 feet at the base, and 15 feet at the top. At intervals of 100 feet are towers. For a good part of its length, the wall is now but a heap of rubbish. This great structure was built about 200 B.C. as a defence against the Tartars.

There standeth a building which ages have tried:

It is not a dwelling, it is not a fane. A hundred days round it the rider may ride,

And ride, if to compass its measure, in

vain;

And years told in hundreds against it have striven.

By time never sapped, and by storm never bowed,

Still sublimely it stands in the rainbow of heaven,

Reaching now to the ocean and now to the cloud.

Not constructed a boast to vainglory to yield,

It serves as defender, to save and to shield;

And nowhere its like on the earth is surveyed;

And yet by the labors of man it was
made!
Schiller, Trans.

Mr. Huc, I think it is, who tells us some very good stories about the way in which two Chinese gentlemen contrive to keep up a long talk without saying a word which has any meaning in it. Something like this is occasionally heard on this side of the Great Wall. Holmes.

Great Western. One of the early steam-propelled vessels of the British merchant-marine. She left Bristol April 7, 1838, and reached New York in 15 days. Greater and the Lesser Passion. See PASSION, etc. Grecian, The. A former coffeehouse of London, in Devereux

The coffee-house was the Londoner's

house; and those who wished to find a gentleman, commonly asked, not whether he lived in Fleet Street or Chancery Lane, but whether he frequented "the Grecian" or the Rainbow." Macaulay. Grecian Theatre. A theatre near the garden of the Eagle Tavern, City Road, London, devoted to the melo-drama, farce, and ballet. Greek Cross, Hall of the. See SALA A CROCE GRECA.

Greek Slave. A celebrated statue by Hiram Powers (1805-1873). It was finished in 1873, and several copies came from the artist's studio. One is now in the gallery of the Duke of Cleveland, England, another in the Corcoran Gallery, Washington, a third in the possession of Earl Dudley, and others elsewhere.

They say Ideal Beauty cannot enter The house of anguishi. On the threshold stands

An alien Image with the shackled hands, Called the Greek Slave: as if the artist meant her

(That passionless perfection which he Jent her,

Shadowed, not darkened, where the sill expands)

To so confront man's crimes in different

Art's fiery finger!-and break up ere long

The serfdom of this world! Appeal, fair stone,

It was laid out in 1638 by John Davenport of London, the founder of the city and colony. Green Gallery. [Ger. Das grüne Gewölbe.] A collection of jewels and costly articles in the palace of the elector of Saxony, at Dresden, Germany. This collection is unsurpassed in Europe. Green Grotto. A celebrated carern in the isle of Capri, near Naples.

"Under these amazing crags, over a smooth, sunny sea, we sped along towards a point where the boatman said we should find the Green Grotto. It lies inside a short projecting cape of the perpendicular shore, and our approach to it was denoted by a streak of emerald fire flashing along the shaded water at the base of the rocks. A few more strokes on the oars carried us under an arch twenty feet high, which opened into a rocky cave beyond. The water being shallow, the white bottom shone like silver; and the pure green hue of the waves, filled and flooded with the splendor of the sun, was thrown upon the interior facings of the rocks, making the cavern gleam like transparent glass. It was a marvellous surprise. The bright

ness of the day increased the illusion, and made the incredible beauty of the cavern all the more startling, because devoid of gloom and mystery. It was an idyl of the sea, born of the god-lore of Greece." Bayard Taylor.

"The so-called Green Grotto has the beauty of moss-agate in its liquid floor; . and where there is no other charm to notice, endless beauty may be found in the play of sunlight upon roofs of limestone... mossed over, hung with fern, and catching tones of blue or green from the still deeps beneath." J. A. Symonds.

man's wrong!

in London, situated between Piccadilly and St. James's Park, Constitution Hill, and the houses of Arlington Street and St. James's Place. It was formerly called Little St. James's Park. Stafford House, Bridgewater House, and Spencer House are upon the east side of the park.

Greenmount. A cemetery near Baltimore, Md., established in 1838. The grounds are laid out with much taste and skill, and contain many fine monuments.