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Greenway Court. A decayed man- | Gresham College. This institu

sion near Berryville, Va., once the residence of Lord Fairfax. Greenwich Hospital. An asylum for old and disabled seamen on the Thames, a few miles below London. It was opened in 1705.

Macaulay says in his sketch of the death of Mary II., "The affection with which her husband cherished her memory was attested by a monument the most superb that was ever erected to any sovereign. No scheme had been so much her own, none had been so near her heart, as that of converting the palace at Greenwich into a retreat for seamen. It had occurred to her when she had found it difficult to

provide good shelter and good attend.

ance for the thousands of brave men who had come back to England wounded after the battle of La Hogue. While she lived, scarcely any step was taken towards the accomplishing of her favorite design. But it should seem, that, as soon as her husband had lost her, he began to reproach himself for having neglected her wishes. No time was lost. A plan was furnished by Wren; and soon an edifice, surpassing that asylum which the magnificent Lewis had provided for his soldiers, rose on the margin of the Thames. . . . Few of those who now gaze on the noblest of European hospitals, are aware that it is a memorial of the virtues of the good Queen Mary, of the love and sorrow of William, and of the great victory of La Hogue."

Greenwich Park. A royal demesne at Greenwich, near London, much resorted to by the inhabitants of the metropolis. It was enclosed as a park by Duke Humphrey of Gloucester in the reign of Henry VI.

Greenwood. A beautiful cemetery three miles from Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn, N.Y., containing 242 acres of land, and ornamented with winding paths, forests, and lakes.

Gregorio, San. See SAN GREGO

RIO.

Greifenstein. A picturesque mediæval stronghold, now in ruins, near Rudolstadt in Germany. Grenan, Temple of. See TEMPLE OF GRENAN.

tion in London stood on Bishopsgate Street, and was so called after Sir Thomas Gresham, in whose honor it was established. The Royal Society originated here in 1645. After 1710 the college fell into decay, and in 1768 the building was sold. A handsome stone structure, Basinghall Street, was opened in 1843 for the Gresham Lectures.

Greta Hall. The former residence of the poet Southey, situated on a slight eminence near the town of Keswick, in what is called the Lake District of England.

Gretna Green. A little village in Scotland much resorted to formerly by runaway couples from England. Marriages were here celebrated with very little ceremony, but of late they have been prohibited by Act of Parliament. Once in my life I married a wife,

And where do you think I found her?
On Gretna Green, in a velvet sheen,
And I took up a stick to pound her.
She jumped over a barberry bush,
And I jumped over a timber;
I showed her a gay gold ring,
And she showed me her finger.

Mother Goose. See PLACE DE

Grève, Place de.
L'HÔTEL De Ville.
Grey Abbey. A picturesque ru-
ined monastery in the county of
Down, Ireland.

Grey Friars. This important monastery in London was established by the early Franciscans who came to England in the time of Henry III. It was a favorite place of interment for royal personages. Nothing but a few arches now remains of the monastery, upon the site of which was founded Christ's Hospital.

How often have I seen the casual passer through the cloisters stand still, entranced with admiration. .. to hear thee [Coleridge) unfold, in thy deep and sweet intonations, the mysteries of Jamblicus or Plotinus, ... while the walls of the old Grey Friars re-echoed to the accents of the inspired charity boy! Charles Lamb.

Grey Mare's Tail. A cataract issuing from the Loch Skene in Scotland. It is one of the loftiest cascades in the country.

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"A rather narrow stream, whitened in plunges over rough rocks, pours, in one broad broken sheet, over a precipitous crag of jagged, eccentrically stratified, gray rock. The entire height of the fall is about 350 feet. It is part of a capital example of peculiarly Scottish scenery." J. F. Hunnewell.

Grillo, Torre del. See TORRE DEL GRILLO.

Grimani Breviary. A celebrated illuminated service-book, containing beautiful miniatures. In the library of the Ducal Palace, Venice.

Grimani Palace. [Ital. Palazzo Grimani.] A noble palace in Venice, Italy, fronting on the Grand Canal. It was built in the sixteenth century, and is now used as the post-office. It was formerly decorated with frescos of Tintoretto which have disappeared.

"San Micheli's masterpiece is the design of the Grimani Palace. The proportions of the whole façade are good, and its dimensions give it a dig nity which renders it one of the most striking façades on the Grand Canal; while the judgment displayed in the design elevates it into being one of the best buildings of the age in which it was erected." Fergusson.

Grimes's Dike. See GRAHAM'S DIKE.

Grimsel. See HOSPICE OF THE GRIMSEL.

Griper, The. An Arctic explor

ing ship which sailed from England under Commander Lyon in 1824.

Griswold, Fort. See FORT GRISWOLD.

height of 200 feet before throwing out a branch, and the first branch is eight feet in diameter. Grocers' Hall. A building in London belonging to the Company of Grocers, one of the great city guilds. The original hall was built in 1427, but was seriously damaged by the great fire of 1666. It was restored in 1668-69, but in 1681 was again in ruins. The present building was erected in 1802, and repaired in 1827.

Gros Bourdon. The largest bell in America, hung in one of the towers of the church of Notre Dame at Montreal, Canada. Its weight is nearly fifteen tons. Grosse Garten. [The Great Garden.] A fine public park in the neighborhood of Dresden, Germany. It is five miles in circumference.

Grosvenor Gallery. See GROSVENOR HOUSE.

Grosvenor House. The city residence of the Marquis of Westminster, London. Formerly, as Gloucester House, it was inhabited by the Duke of Gloucester, brother of George III. It contains a fine collection of paintings, the celebrated Grosvenor Gallery,- including some of the best works of Claude and Rubens.

Grosvenor Square. An area of six acres in London, built 17231730, and so called from Sir Richard Grosvenor (d. 1732). One of the most aristocratic quarters in London.

They (certain writers] conceived of liberty as monks conceive of love, as cockneys conceive of the happiness and innocence of rural life, as novel-reading sempstresses conceive of Almack's and Grosvenor Square, accomplished marquesses and handsome colonels of the Guards. Macaulay.

Let Stott, Carlisle, Matilda, and the rest Of Grub Street, and of Grosvenor-place the best,

Scrawl on, 'till death release us from the

Grizzly Giant. A famous tree in Mariposa County, Cal., the largest of a remarkable grove of trees of the Sequoia gigantea species. This tree is 107 feet in circumference, and in one place is 34 feet in diameter. It reaches a Grotta Azzura. See BLUE GROTTO.

strain,

Or Common Sense assert her rights again. Byron.

Grotta del Cane. [Grotto of the Dog.] A celebrated but small cave at the base of a rocky hill on the southern bank of the Lake Agnano near Naples. The cavern is constantly emitting from its sides and floor quantities of vapor mingled with carbonic-acid gas. The latter, being the heavier, accumulates at the bottom, leaving the upper part of the cave free from gas. The cave derives its name from the common experiment of subjecting a dog to the effects of the gas, and afterwards restoring him by exposure to the air.

We tried the old experiment of a dog in the Grotto del Cane, or Charon's Cave; it is not above three or four paces deepe, and about the height of a man, nor very broad. Whatever having life enters it presently expires.... This experiment has been tried on men, as on that poor creature whom Peter of Toledo caus'd to go in; likewise on some Turkish slaves, two soldiers, and other foole-hardy persons, who all perished, and could never be recovered by the water of the lake, as are doggs; for which many learned reasons have been offered, as Simon Majolus in his booke of the Canicular days has mentioned.

John Evelyn, 1644. Grotta della Sibylla. See SIBYL'S CAVE.

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Grotta di Posilipo. [Grotto of Posilipo.] An excavation in the volcanic soil near Naples, at the extremity of the street called the Chiaja. The earliest mention of it was in the time of Nero. It was enlarged in the fifteenth century by Alfonso I. In the centre of the tunnel is a recess, forming the chapel of the Virgin, before which a lamp is always burning. Near the top of the east entrance to the grotto is the Roman columbarium, or sepulchre, known as the tomb of Virgil. See VIRGIL'S Томв.

"Above the grotto are the remains of a columbarium, which, time out of mind, has enjoyed the honor of being called the tomb of Virgil. Nor is it by any means impossible that it is so, though it must be admitted that the weight of evidence is against the claim. But there is quite enough of interest clinging round it from the fact that a long line of poets and scholars, beginning with Petrarch and Boccaccio, have

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Ah! precious every drape of myrtle bloom

And leaf of laurel crowning Virgil's tomb! Through the steep

Is hewn Posilipo's most marvellous grot; And to the prince of Roman bards, whose sleep

Is in this singular and lonely spot,
Doth a wild rumor give a wizard's name,
Linking a tunnelled road to Maro's fame!
W. Gibson.

Grotto de la Vierge. [Grotto of the Virgin.] A noted place of pilgrimage in the present century at Lourdes, France. Its celebrity began in 1858 through the declarations of a girl who affirmed that the Holy Virgin had appeared to her. In the following year over 200,000 persons visited the spot. In the cavern is a spring which is believed to possess miraculous properties of healing.

Grotto of Adelsberg. A celebrated grotto, or cave, in the limestone rock near Adelsberg in Styria, Southern Austria. It is one of the most interesting and extensive in the world, and is hung with the most beautiful stalactites.

Grotto of Antiparos. A celebrated stalactitic cavern on the island of Oliaros (Antiparo), in the Ægean Sea.

Grotto of Egeria. See FOUNTAIN OF EGERIA.

Grotto of Granville. A natural curiosity in Southern France, near Le Bugue. It is a cavern extending a mile in a straight line, and, with its branches, measuring some two or three miles. Grotto of Jeremiah. A spacious

cave near the Damascus Gate of Jerusalem.

Grotto of St. John. A cavern, or

grotto, belonging to the monastery of St. John in the island of

Patmos, off the west coast of Asia Minor. It is the supposed abode of the apostle John, who had been banished to this island, A.D. 94, by the Roman emperor, Domitian, and who is reported to here have had the visions recorded in the Book of Revelation. Grottos of Beni Hassan. See BENI HASSAN.

Growler, The. A United States vessel of war captured by the British, June 3, 1813.

ery, and the literary profession was for a long time destroyed." Thackeray.

Our theatres are now open, and all Grubstreet is preparing its advice to the managers. We shall undoubtedly hear learned disquisitions on the structure of one actor's legs, and another's eyebrows. We shall be told much of enunciations, tones, and attitudes, and shall have our lightest pleasures commented upon by didactic dulness. Goldsmith

When we first visited Grub-street, and with bared head did reverence to the genius of the place, with a "Salve, magna parens! we were astonished to learn, on inquiry, that the authors did not dwell there now, but had all removed, years ago, to a sort of" High Life below Stairs." far in the west. Carlyle.

Let Budgel charge low Grub-street with
his quill.
And write whate'er he please, - except
my will.
Pope.

Not with less glory mighty Dulness
crown'd,

Shall take through Grub-street her tri

umphant round,

And her Parnassus glancing o'er at once,
Behold a hundred sons, and each a dunce.
Pope.

I'd sooner ballads write, and Grub-street
lays.

Gay.

Grub Street. The former title of Milton Street, Cripplegate, London, which was once the residence of authors of the less fortunate class, and the jest of the more favored. From its being inhabited by these literary hacks, the name was familiarly used to characterize any worthless author or any poor production. This character it seems to have obtained as far back as the time of Cromwell, when the street consisted of low and mean houses, which were let out in lodgings, Grüne Gewölbe. See GREEN GALin many instances to persons whose occupation was publishing anonymously what were then deemed libellous or treasonable works. John Foxe the martyrologist, Speed the historian, and other authors, resided in Grub Street. Memoirs of the Society of Grub Street appeared in 1737. Its name was changed to Milton Street in 1830. The name Grub Street, as a term of reproach or contempt, is said to have been first used with reference to the works of Foxe. The present designation of the street is taken from the name of one Milton, a build

er. and not, as might naturally be conjectured, from that of the poet.

"Pope's arrows are so sharp, and his slaughter so wholesale, that the reader's sympathies are often enlisted on the side of the devoted inhab. itants of Grub Street. He it was who brought the notion of a vile Grub Street before the minds of the general public; he it was who created such associations as author and rags, author and dirt, author and gin. The occupation of authorship became ignoble through his graphic description of mis

LERY.

Grütli. A meadow on the shore of the Lake of Lucerne, Switzerland, famous as the meeting-place of the three mythical heroes of Switzerland, Werner Stauffacher, Erni of Melchthal, and Walter Fürst of Uri, who are said to have assembled here in the night, and formed plans for the deliverance of their country from the Austrian yoke. This spot is now the property of the Swiss Republic, having been purchased in 1859 by subscriptions.

Guards. See HORSE GUARDS.
Guards' Club. A London club,
founded in 1810, and confined to
officers of the regiments of Foot-
Guards who distinguished them-
selves at Waterloo and in the
Crimea. The club-house is in
Pall Mall.

Guelfa, Torre. See TORRE GUEL-
FA.

Guernica, Oak of. See OAK OF
GUERNICA.

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Guildhall, The. A name of general application, but specially used to designate the Town-Hall of the city of London, where the principal corporation business is transacted, and its hospitality exercised. The Guildhall will contain between 6,000 and 7,000 persons. The inauguration dinners of the lord-mayors have been held here since 1501. It is magnificently decorated upon the occasion of royal entertainments. The present, or third Guildhall, was first built in 1411, though but little more than the walls of the original building now remain. See GOG AND MAGOG.

"The building itself is a strange architectural medley. The great hall, however, has the grandeur which, in architecture, is always given, in a certain degree, by size. It is 150 feet long. The building has its name from the fact that it was erected by the united efforts of the various guilds of the city, -associations, or rather trading and social institutions, of which the very germ seems not to have crossed the ocean." Richard Grant White.

Our great fault with writers used to be, not that they were intrinsically more or less completed Dolts, with no eye or ear for the "open secret" of the world, or for any thing save the "open display " of the world, for its gilt ceilings, marketable pleasures, war-chariots, and all manner, to the highest manner, of Lord-Mayor

shows and Guildhall dinners, and their own small part and lot therein': but the head and front of their offence lay in this, that they had not "frequented the society of the upper classes.

Carlyle.

Gloster. Go after, after, Cousin Buckingham.

The Mayor towards Guildhall hies him in all post:

There, at your meetest vantage of the time, Infer the bastardy of Edward's children: Tell them how Edward put to death a citizen,

Only for saying he would make his son Heir to the crown; meaning, indeed, his house,

Which, by the sign thereof, was termed so.

Buck. I go; and, towards three or four o'clock,

Look for the news that the Guildhall affords.

Gutenberg.

Shakespeare.

A bronze statue of the inventor, modelled by Albert Bertel Thorwaldsen (1770-1844), erected in 1837 at Mayence, the expense being defrayed by subscriptions from all parts of Europe.

Gutenfels. A well-known stately castle on the banks of the Rhine, near the town of Caub. It is alluded to as early as 1257. In 1504 it was besieged for six weeks by the Landgrave William of Hessen, but without success. It remained in a habitable condition till the beginning of the present century, when, in 1805, it was demolished by order of Napoleon, and is now but a picturesque ruin. Guy Fawkes's Cellar. An underground apartment, which formerly served as a kitchen, in the old palace at Westminster, and into which the conspirators obtained entrance from an adjoining house. The Parliament chamber above this vault was taken down about the year 1823.

Guy's Cliff. A noted spot, the retreat of the famous Earl Guy of Warwick, where he and his countess are supposed to be buried, about a mile from Warwick Castle, in England. It has a fine mansion and a romantic cavern, and is one of the places generally visited by tourists. Guy's Hospital.

An institution for the sick and lame, near London Bridge, in Southwark, London, founded by Thomas Guy (b. 1645).

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