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Aloft on the mountain, with prospect over city, river, and wood-grown isles, his old Hradschin beaming in the sun.

Hans Christian Andersen.

Huguenot, The. A well-known picture by J. E. Millais (b. 1829).

"The incident of the Hugue. not' picture is founded on the order of the Duc de Guise, that each good Catholic should, on the eve of St. Bartholomew, bind a strip of white linen round his arm, as a badge to be known by." Sarah Tytler.

Huis in 't Bosch. [House in the
Wood.] A palace in a wooded
park in the environs of the
Hague, Holland.

Human Life. See REPRESENTA-
TION OF HUMAN LIFE.
Humane Society.

See DISTIN

GUISHED MEMBER OF THE HUMANE SOCIETY.

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with which they regarded the early reformers; and if so, it is a triumphant proof how much art can effect in the cause of truth and humanity." Bayard Taylor.

"A most glorious picture here. The Trial of John Huss before the Council of Constance, by Lessing.... The painter has arrayed with consummate ability in the foreground a representation of the religious respectability of the age: Italian cardinals in their scarlet robes... men whom it were no play to meet in an argument, all that expressed the stateliness and grandeur of what Huss had been educated to consider the true church. In the midst of them stands Huss in a simple dark robe: his sharpened features tell of prison and of suffering. He is defend. ing himself, and there is a trembling earnestness in the manner with which his hand grasps the Bible. With a passionate agony he seems to say, Am

not right? Does not this Word say it? and is it not the word of God?"

Beecher.

Hyde Park. A large pleasure

ground in London, extending from Piccadilly westward to Kensington Gardens. It is the site of the ancient manor of Hyde. For nearly two centuries it has been the scene of military reviews and spectacles. Hyde Park was enclosed about the middle of the sixteenth century. It was opened to the public during the time of Charles I. Reform meetings and other turbulent gatherings have frequently been held here, which have been sometimes attended with violence.

"In this Park, in the London season, from May to August (between 11 and 1, and 5 and 7), may be seen all the wealth and fashion and splendid equipages of the nobility and gentry of Great Britain. As many as 800 equestrians, including the Knot at the music, have been seen assembled at Hyde Park in the height of the season."

Murray's Handbook.

"Hyde Park... with its small rivulet, its wide greensward, its sheep, its shady walks, resembling a pleasurepark suddenly transported to the centre of a capital." Taine, Trans.

Now, at Hyde Park, if fair it be,
A show of ladies you may see.

Poor Robin's Almanack (May, 1698). At fourscore he [the Duke of Schom. berg] retained a strong relish for innocent

pleasures: he conversed with great courtesy and sprightliness; nothing could be in better taste than his equipages and his table; and every cornet of cavalry envied

the grace and dignity with which the veteran appeared in Hyde Park on his charger at the head of his regiment. Macaulay.

Sooner shall grass in Hyde-park circus grow.

And wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow!

Sooner let air, earth, sea, to chaos fall, Men, monkeys, lap-dogs, parrots, perish all! Pope

2. A public pleasure-ground in St. Louis, Mo.

Hyder Ali. A vessel belonging to the State of Pennsylvania, which, in 1782, captured the British ship General Monk, in Delaware Bay, an exploit pronounced by Cooper "one of the most brilliant actions that ever occurred under the American flag." See MONK, THE.

I.

Iberian Madonna. The name given to a miraculous picture of the Virgin and Child, placed in a niche lighted with silver lamps, in the Kremlin at Moscow, Russia. The picture was originally brought from Mt. Athos.

"For the last 200 years, the protectress of the Muscovites. Her aid is invoked by high and low, in all the circumstances of life; and I doubt whether any other shrine in the world is the witness of such general and so much real devotion." Bayard Taylor.

Ice Palace. The Empress Anne of Russia, who reigned from 1730 to 1740, took into her head a "most magnificent and mighty freak." One of her nobles, Prince Galitzin, having changed his religion, was punished by being made a court page and buffoon. His wife being dead, the empress required him to marry again, agreeing to defray the expense of the wedding herself. The prince, true to his new character, selected a girl of low birth. This was in the winter of 1739-40, which was one of extraordinary severity. By her majesty's command, a house was built entirely of ice. It consisted of two rooms; and all the furniture, even to the bedstead, was made of the same material. Four small cannons and two mortars, also of ice, were placed in front of the house, and were fired several times without bursting, small wooden grenades being thrown from the mortars. On the wedding-day a procession was formed, composed of more than 300 persons of both sexes, whom the empress desirous of of seeing how many different kinds of inhabitants there were in her vast dominions - had caused the governors of the various provinces to send to St. Petersburg. The bride and bridegroom were conspicuously placed

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in a great iron cage on the back of an elephant. Of the guests (all of whom were dressed in the costume of their respective countries), some were mounted on camels; others were in sledges - a man and a woman in each drawn by beasts of all descriptions, as reindeer, oxen, goats, dogs, hogs, and the like. After passing before the imperial palace, and marching through the principal streets of the city, the motley cavalcade proceeded to the Duke of Courland's ridinghouse, where dinner was served to each after the manner of cookery in his own country. The feast over, there was a ball, those from each nation having their own music and their own style of dancing. When the ball was ended, the newly-married pair were conducted to their palace of ice, and guards were stationed at the door to prevent their going out until morning. The building is said to have lasted uninjured, in that cold climate, for several months.

No forest fell When thou wouldst build, no quarry sent

its stores

To enrich thy walls; but thou didst hew the floods,

And make thy marble of the glassy wave.
Cowper.

Icebergs, The. A noted picture by Frederic Edwin Church (b. 1826), the American landscape painter.

Idle and Industrious Apprentices. A series of pictures by William Hogarth (1697-1764).

"What a living and breathing gallery of old English life we have in Hogarth's series of the Idle and Industrious Apprentices,' and how perfect it is as far as it goes. It is complete and self-consistent, from the first picture where the ill-conditioned, illlooking lad sits dozing, neglecting his

work, with the evil ballad of Moll Flanders' hung up on his loom; while the pleasant, comely-faced youth is sedulously minding his business, with the volume of the Apprentices' Guide' lying open before him, through each intervening stage of the rise and fall ... on to the noble pathos of the last meeting of the early companions, when the justice on the bench hides his face after pronouncing condemnation on the felon at the bar." Sarah Tytler.

Idle Servant Maid. A picture by Nicolas Maas (1632-1693), the Dutch genre-painter, and one of his principal works. In the National Gallery, London.

Idlewild. An estate on the Hud

son River, near the village of Cornwall, N. Y., formerly the home of N. P. Willis.

Idolino, L'. [The Little Image.]

An ancient statue. Now in the
Uffizi, Florence, Italy.

If. A famous castle, used as a state prison in part for political offenders, situated upon a small island of the same name in the Mediterranean, near Marseilles. The name is said to signify a yew

tree.

Happily, the old marquis himself, in periods of leisure, or forced leisure, whereof he had many, drew up certain “unpublished memoirs" of his father and progenitors; out of which memoirs young Mira

beau, also in forced leisure (still more forced, in the Castle of If!), redacted one memoir of a very readable sort: by the light of this latter, so far as it will last, we walk with convenience. Carlyle.

Igel Säule. [The Igel-column.] A monumental structure of Roman times near Treves, in Rhenish Prussia. It is a sandstone obelisk, 70 feet in height, with inscriptions and bas-reliefs. It is of uncertain date and origin. Ikenild Street. An ancient Roman road in Britain. It extended from the coast of Norfolk to the south-west of Cornwall. The name is of uncertain origin. Ildefonso Group, The. A celebrated marble group in the Museum at Madrid, Spain.

"F. Tieck, the sculptor and brother of the poet, was the first to suggest that we have here Antinous, the Genius of Hadrian, and Persephone. I

... Charles Bötticher started a new solution of the principal problem. Ac. cording to him it was executed in the lifetime of Antinous, and it represents ... a sacrifice of fidelity on the part of the two friends Hadrian and Antinous, who have met together before Persephone to ratify a vow of love till death.... After all is said, the Ildefonso marble, like the legend of Antinous, remains a mystery." J. A. Symonds.

Ildefonso, San.. See GRANJA, LA. Ile de la Cité. [Island of the City.] An island, in Paris, which, previous to 1608, was divided into two parts. On this island, which is formed by two arms of the Seine, are situated Sainte Chapelle, Notre Dame, the Palais de Justice, the Préfecture de Police, the Tribunal de Commerce, the Morgue, Caserne de Gendarmerie, the Hôtel Dieu. Here is the legal quarter of Paris, - the civil, criminal, and commercial law-courts. Here was the principal part of mediæval Paris.

From the centre of the Pont Neuf we could see for a long distance up and down the river. The different bridges traced on either side a dozen starry lines through the dark air, and a continued blaze lighted the two shores in their whole length, revealing the outline of the Isle de la Cité.

Bayard Taylor.

Ile de Paix. [Isle of Peace.] A little island in Lake Geneva, commanding a lovely view. It is referred to by Byron in the "Prisoner of Chillon."

And then there was a little isle,
Which in my very face did smile,
The only one in view.

St. Louis.

Ile An island in the Seine at Paris, France. Ilioneus. An admired antique kneeling figure in the Glyptothek, or gallery of sculptures, at Munich, Bavaria.

"The head and arms are wanting; but the supplicatory expression of the attitude, the turn of the body, the bloom of adolescence, which seems absolutely shed over the cold marble, the unequalled delicacy and elegance of the whole, touched me deeply."

Mrs. Jameson. Immaculate Conception [of the Virgin Mary]. A picture by Giu

seppe Ribera, called Lo Spagno- | letto (1588-1656), and one of his chief.works. In the gallery of Madrid, Spain.

Immaculate Conception. See GREAT CONCEPTION OF SEVILLE. Inarimé. A ruined castle at Ischia, once occupied by Vittoria Colonna.

High o'er the sea-surge and the sands,

Like a great galleon wrecked and cast
Ashore by storms, thy castle stands
A mouldering landmark of the Past.

Inarimé! Inarimé !

Thy castle on the crags above
In dust shall crumble and decay,
But not the memory of her love.

Longfellow. Incendio del Borgo. [Burning of the Borgo.] A celebrated fresco by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing the fire in the Borgo, or suburb, of Rome, which was miraculously extinguished by the Pope. It is in a chamber of the Vatican, Rome, called, after this picture, the Stanza del Incendio. Incendio del Borgo. See STANZE OF RAPHAEL.

Inchcape, or Bell Rock. The celebrated and dangerous sunken reef known as the Inch Cape, or Bell Rock, is in the German Ocean, on the northern side of the entrance of the Firth of Forth, and about twelve miles from land. An abbot of Aberbrothock (Arbroath) is said to have placed a bell here, as a warning to sailors, which was cut loose by a Dutch rover, who, as a retribution for this mischievous act, was subsequently wrecked upon the very same rock.

This

story, which is an old tradition, is told by Southey in his wellknown ballad of "The Inchcape Rock." See BELL ROCK LIGHT

HOUSE.

"In old times upon the saide rock there was a bell fixed upon a timber, which rang continually, being moved by the sea, giving notice to say. lers of the danger. This bell was put there and maintained by the abbot of Aberbrothock; but, being taken down by a sea-pirate, a yeare thereafter he perished upon the same rocke, with ship and goodes, in the righteous judge. ment of God."

Stoddart, Remarks on Scotland.

The Abbot of Aberbrothock
Had placed that bell on the Inchcape rock.
On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung,
And over the waves its warning rung.
When the rock was hid by the surge's
swell

The mariners heard the warning bell; And then they knew the perilous rock. And blessed the Abbot of Aberbrothock. Southey. Incredulity of St. Thomas. A picture by Giovanni Battista Cima, called le Conegliano (b. about 1460). Now in the National Gallery, London. There is another work of a similar character in the Brera, Milan, Italy. Incredulity of St. Thomas. A distinguished picture by Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, surnamed Guercino (1590-1666). In the Vatican, Rome.

Independence, Fort.

INDEPENDENCE.

See FORT

Independence Hall. A building on Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, rich in historical associations, and regarded as the birthplace of the American Republic." Here the Continental Congress assembled. Here in June, 1775, George Washington was chosen commander of the American forces. Here on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was adopted by Congress, and read to a great multitude assembled in front of the building amidst the ringing of bells and prodigious enthusiasm. It is froin this circumstance that the edifice derived its name. The halls are now used as a museum and a receptacle for curiosities and relics connected with the history of the country. It contains portraits of the Revolutionary patriots, specimens of old furniture, autographs, and other souvenirs of the past, including the famous Liberty Bell. Independence Square. A public ground in Philadelphia, Penn., contiguous to Independence Hall, from which the Declaration of Independence was read to the people assembled in the square. India Docks. See EAST INDIA DOCKS and WEST INDIA DOCKS.

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