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"Isola Bella looks like a gentle. man's villa afloat. A boy would throw a stone entirely over it in any direction. It strikes you as a kind of toy, as you look at it from a distance: and, getting nearer, the illusion scarcely dissipates; for, from the water's edge, the orangeladen terraces are piled, one above an other, like a pyramidal fruit-basket, the villa itself peers above like a sugar castle; and it scarce seems real enough to land upon." N. P. Willis.

Isola Madre. [The Mother Island.] A celebrated island in the Lago Maggiore, one of the four called the Borromean Islands. Issus, Battle of the. See BATTLE OF THE ISsus.

Italiens, Foulevart des. The gayest and most frequented of the boulevards of Paris. A modern enthusiast of Paris says, " France is the centre of civilized nations, Paris is the centre of France, the boulevard des Italiens is the centre of Paris." See BOULEVARDS.

Italy. See ANCIENT ITALY and MODERN ITALY.

Itaska, The. A noted vessel of the United States Navy in the civil war of 1861-65. She was one of Admiral Farragut's flotilla at the attack upon the defences of Mobile, Aug. 5, 1864.

Ivan Veliki. [Tower of John the Great.] A famous tower in the Kremlin at Moscow, Russia. This tower rises to the height of 209 feet, and is surmounted by a gided dome.

"Before us rises the tower of Ivan Veliki, whose massive sturdy walls seem to groan under its load of monster bells. At the foot of the tower stands on a granite pedestal the Tear Kolokol, or Emperor of Bells, whose renown is world-wide. [See EMPEROR OF BELLS.] In one of the lower stories of the tower hangs another bell cast more than a century before the Tzar Kolokol, and weighing 64 tons. Its iron tongue is swung from side to side by the united exertions of three men. It is only rung thrice a year; and when it speaks, all other bells are silent. To those who stand near the tower, the vibration of the air is said to be like

that which follows the simultaneous discharge of a hundred cannon. In the other stories hang at least 40 or 50 bells, varying in weight from 36 tons to 1,000 pounds: some of them are one-third silver. When they all sound at once, as on an Easter morn,

the very tower must rock on its foundation." Bayard Taylor.

Ivy-Lane Club. This London club, founded by Dr. Johnson in 1749, met on Tuesday evenings at the King's Head, Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. See ESSEX-HEAD CLUB.

I remember to have read in some philosopher, I believe in Tom Brown's works, -that, let a man's character, sentiments, or complexion be what they will, he can find company in London to match them.

. If he be phlegmatic, he may sit in silence in the hum-drum club in Iry-Lane; and if actually mad, he may find very good company in Moorfields, either at Bedlam or the Foundery, ready to culti vate a nearer acquaintance. Goldsmith. Izaak Church. A church in St. Petersburg, Russia, begun by the Empress Catherine, and completed by Nicholas I. It is a magnificent structure, with a gilded dome, and one of the most remarkable sights of the Russian capital. The foundation alone, of piles, is said to have cost $1,000,000.

"The finest building in Russia -in all Northern Europe, indeed — is the Cathedral of St. Izaak. Thirtytwo years of uninterrupted labor, backed by the unlimited resources of the Empire, were required to complete this gigantic work. Its cost is esti mated at 90,000,000 rubles, or $67,500,000. The design is simple and majestic; and the various parts are so nicely balanced and harmonized, that at first sight the cathedral appears smaller than is really the case. It grows upon the eye with each visit... Crowning this sublime pile is the golden hemisphere of the dome, which so flashes in the sunlight that the eye can scarce. ly bear its splendor. Far out over the Gulf of Finland, it glitters over the evening horizon like a rising star." Bayard Taylor.

See! From the Finland marshes there
"Tis proud St. Isaac's rears in air.
Pillar on pillar, that shining dome!
E. D. Proctor.

Jacinto, San. See SAN JACINTO. Jackson Square. A well-known public square and pleasure resort in New Orleans, La. Formerly called the Place d' Armes.

Jacob and Rachel. A well-known picture ascribed to Giorgio Barbarelli, commonly called Giorgione (1477-1511), in the Dresden Gallery. This picture has also been attributed to Palma Vecchio, and of late, by some, to Cariani, of Bergamo, Italy.

Jacob blessing the Sons of Joseph. A picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1606-1669), the Dutch painter. It bears date 1656, and is now in the gallery of Cassel, Germany.

Jacob. See FUITE DE JACOB and VISION OF JACOB.

Jacobin Club. A famous political

association organized in Paris, France, shortly before the Revolution of 1789. It derives its name from the monastery of Jacobin friars, where its meetings were held.

Jacob's Dream. A fresco by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). In the Stanza of the Heliodorus, in the Vatican, Rome.

Jacob's Dream. A picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1606-1669), the Dutch painter. Now in the Dulwich Gallery, England.

"Strange to say, the most poetical painter of angels in the seventeenth century is that inspired Dutchman, Rembrandt. For instance, look at his Jacob's Dream, at Dulwich."

Mrs. Jameson.

Jacob's Dream. A picture by Washington Allston (1779-1843), the American painter. Now at Petworth, England.

Jacob's Flight. See FUITE DE JA

сов.

J.

Jacob's Ladder. A picture by Giuseppe Ribera, called Lo Spagnoletto (1588-1656), and one of his best. In the gallery of Madrid, Spain.

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Jacob's Well. A rock-hewn well, 9 feet in diameter, 75 feet or more 'deep," at the foot of Mount Gerizim in Northern Palestine, traditionally held to be the ancient well of the patriarch Jacob, and the same by which Jesus sat wearied at noon, and conversed with the woman of Samaria. Over this well a church was built in very ancient times. It is alluded to by Jerome in the fourth century; and, though destroyed during the wars of the Crusades, the ruins are still traceable. circumstances concur with the universal tradition shared in by Jews and Samaritans, by Mohammedans and Christians, to identify this well as the one spoken of in the sacred history. The water in it is at present quite variable, sometimes there being a depth of several feet, and at another time the well being entirely dry.

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the Uffizi Gallery, in Florence, Italy.

James's, St. See ST. JAMES'S

Janiculum, or Janiculan, The. [Lat. Mons Janiculus.] A hill rising abruptly on the west bank of the Tiber, at Rome. It derives its name, according to the tradition generally believed by the ancients, from Janus, the sungod of the Latins. Numa Pompilius is said to have been buried upon Mons Janiculus. Ancus Martius, fourth king of Rome, fortified the Janiculan, and connected it with the city by the first bridge of Rome, the Pons Sublicius, celebrated in the old Roman lays as the bridge which Horatius Cocles defended against the whole Etruscan army under Porsena. The Janiculan is connected with numerous other stories of early Roman history, with that of Caius Mucius Scavola, the young Roman patrician, who, having made his way into the camp of Porsena, with the purpose of killing him, and his intention being discovered, burned off his own right hand, to show that he feared neither torture nor death, - with that of the hostage Clalia, who escaped from the power of Porsena by swimming across the Tiber.

Januarius, Blood of St. See BLOOD OF ST. JANUARIUS.

Janus, Arch of. See ARCH OF JANUS.

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Japanese Palace. See AUGUSTEUM. Jardin, Le. [The Garden.] well-known spot in the Alps, on the Glacier de Talèfre, near Chamonix.

Jardin des Plantes. [Garden of Plants.] This garden in Paris was established by Louis XIII. in 1635. Buffon was made superintendent of it in 1729, and greatly enriched it, besides establishing its museums, galleries, and hot-houses. It has been greatly improved under recent governments; and almost every known flower, shrub, or tree may be seen

here, besides a great variety of birds, beasts, and fishes. Much damage was done to it during the bombardment of 1871 by the Prussians.

"This establishment combines large botanical and zoological gardens, connected with which are most interesting collections of natural history in every department, and comparative anatomy. The botanical garden is not to be compared to that at Kew, either in arrangement, number, or luxuriant growth of the plants; and the zoologi. cal one is far surpassed by that in the Regent's Park." Murray's Handbook.

He [Diderot] cannot work; he hopes to dissipate his melancholy by a walk; gues to the Invalides, to the Courts, to the Bibliothèque du Roi, to the Jardin des Plantes Mademoiselle Diderot.

These people all look like the doleful birds of the Jardin des Plantes, begilded, striped, befeathered, and sad, but roosting on a suitable perch. Taine, Trans. Jardin Mabille. A famous garden in Paris (Avenue Montaigne, Champs Elysées), which is open in the evening, brilliantly illu minated, and much frequented by the populace for dancing and other amusements. It is much resorted to by "strangers and the women of the demi-monde." The Château des Fleurs is now combined with this garden.

"At Mabille. How often I had heard it spoken of! Young men dream of it. Strangers take their wives to see it. Historians will some day speak of it. . . . At ten o'clock in the evening, I go to Mabille. It is a grand ballnight. The men are said to be hired; the women exhibit themselves gratis, though they feel that they are despised. ... A great moving circle

floats around the dancers."

Taine, Trans.

"There are bowers and refreshment-rooms around it, and a large saloon for wet weather; in fact, it is a Parisian Cremorne without the fireworks and amusements; smaller, but brighter and gayer. This is the best appointed and best attended of all the summer balls." Murray's Handbook.

I was never more surprised in my life than to see that staid, solemn, meditative. melancholy beast suddenly perk up both his long ears, and hop about over the steep paths like a goat. Not more surprise! should I be to see some venerable D.D. of Princeton leading off a dance in the Jar din Mabille.

Beecher.

Whether they inhabit princely houses | Jehoshaphat. See VALLEY OF JEin fashionable streets (which they often do), or not; whether their sons bave graduated at the Jardin Mabille, or have been

taken from their father's shops.

G. W. Curtis. Jardinière, La Belle. See BELLE JARDINIÈRE.

Jarvis Gallery.

A collection of early Italian pictures in the Art School of Yale College, New Haven, Conn.

Jason. A statue by Albert Bertel Thorwaldsen (1770-1844), the Danish sculptor.

Jasper Park. A public square in Savannah, Ga., named after Sergeant Jasper, a hero of the war of the Revolution.

Java, The. A British frigate captured during the war of 1812 by the United States frigate Constitution.

Jean Arnolfini. Portrait of, and of Jeanne de Chenany his wife, by the Flemish painter, Jan van Eyck (1370-1441). It is related that the Princess Mary, sister of Charles V., bestowed a post of 100 guldens a year upon the barber to whom it belonged. The picture is now in the National Gallery, London.

Jeanne de Chenany. See JEAN ARNOLFINI.

Jebel-er-Rahm. A sacred hill in Arabia, not far from Mecca, and a famous resort of Mohammedan pilgrims. The tradition is that it is the place where Adam received his wife after their expulsion from Paradise, and a separation of 120 years.

Jedburgh Abbey. A well-known ruined monastery in the town of Jedburgh, Scotland.

"The abbey churches of Kelso and Jedburgh, as we now find them, belong either to the very end of the twelfth, or the beginning of the thirteenth, century. They display all the rude magnificence of the Norman period used in this instance not experi. mentally, as was too often the case in England, but as a well-understood style, whose features were fully perfected. The whole was used with a Doric simplicity and boldness which is very remarkable." Fergusson.

HOSHAPHAT.

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Jenny's Whim. A noted place of entertainment in London, said to have been established in the time of George I., and characterized in 1775 as the Vauxhall of the lower class of people. It is no longer in existence. Jephthah and his Daughter. work of sculpture by Hezekiah Augur (1791-1858). At Yale College, New Haven, Conn. Jeremiah. A picture by Washington Allston (1779-1843). Now in the possession of Yale College, New Haven, Conn. Jeremiah's Cave. JEREMIAH.

See CAVE OF

Jerome Park. A park in the neighborhood of the city of New York, a mile from Fordham, "the most aristocratic race-course in America."

Jerome, St. See ST. JEROME and COMMUNION OF ST. JEROME.

Jerpoint Abbey. An ancient and impressive ruined monastery near Kilkenny, in the county of Leinster, Ireland. It was founded in 1180.

I gaze where Jerpoint's venerable pile
Majestic in its ruins o'er me lowers.
S. C. Hall.

Jersey, The. A vessel of the British navy used as a prison-ship, in which many Americans were confined during the Revolutionary

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Jerusalem Taverns. Houses in Clerkenwell, London, so called from the ancient priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem. Jesus College. A foundation of the University of Cambridge, England. Established in 1496. Jeux Floraux, Société des. A society in Toulouse, France, claiming to be the oldest literary institution in Europe, founded in the fourteenth century, and to be derived from the ancient troubadours. It distributes annually prizes of golden and silver flowers for the best essays in prose and verse upon prescribed subjects.

Jewish Cemetery. A picture by Jacob Ruysdael (1625 ?-1682), the Dutch landscape painter. In the Dresden Gallery.

Jewry, Old. See OLD JEWRY. Jews' Quarter. See GHETTO and JUDENSTADT.

In the Middle Ages the Jews were commonly confined to a certain prescribed quarter of the cities in

which they lived, and, as a rule, were locked in at night. Among better known districts occupied by them in European cities are the famous "Jews' Quarter" in Rome and that in Prague. Joachim, St. See ST. JOSEPH AND ST. JOACHIM.

Joan of Arc. An admired picture by Paul Delaroche (1797-1856), the celebrated French historical painter.

Joanna of Aragon.

A portrait

of this famous beauty, who was the wife of Ferdinand of Aragon, by Raphael Sanzio (1483– 1520), of which there are numerous repetitions. One is in the collection of Baron Speck, of Lutschena, near Leipzig; another in Warwick Castle; another in the Louvre Gallery, Paris. The larger part of this last picture is said to have been executed by Giulio Romano. There is a copy which has sometimes been ascribed, but wrongly, to Leonardo da Vinci, in the Palazzo Doria, Rome. There are still other existing copies.

Job, Misfortunes of. A wellknown fresco by Francesco da Volterra in the Campo Santo, Pisa, Italy.

Joconde, La. See BElle Joconde. Johanneum, The. An institution in Grätz, Styria, the " pride of Styria,' founded in 1812, and containing fine collections of art, and museums of antiquities and of natural science.

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John and Peter. A picture of the

two apostles, the figures the size of life, by Albert Dürer (1471-1528), the German painter and engraver. Another picture corresponding with this represents the apostles Mark and Paul. These are considered to be the grandest works of this master, and the last executed by him. They are now in the Munich Gallery.

"These pictures are the fruit of the deepest thought which then stirred the mind of Albert Dürer, and are executed with overpowering force. Finished as they are, they form the first complete work of art produced by

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