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Protestantism. Well might the artist now close his eyes. He had in this picture attained the summit of art: here he stands side by side with the greatest masters known in history."

Kugler. Handbook of Painting.

John Brown's Farm. An estate near North Elba, in Essex County, N.Y., the former home of the famous abolitionist John Brown

(1800-1859), the invader of Virginia, and leader of the expedition against the national arsenal at Harper's Ferry. The house and farm are now the property of an association organized for its purchase.

John O'Groat's House. This house is celebrated as having been considered the most northerly dwelling in Great Britain. Nothing remains of it but a turf-covered mound. It is related that John O'Groat and his cousins used to

meet here once a year to cele-
brate the memory of their ances-
tor De Groot, a Dutchman who
had settled here long previous.
They fell into a dispute as to
which should preside at table;
and John settled the difficulty
by building a room with as many
sides as there were cousins, and
with a corresponding number of
doors, and sides to the table, so
that each, or neither, might be
considered as presiding.

Hear, land o' cakes, and brither Scots,
Frae Maidenkirk to John o' Groat's,
If there's a hole in a' your coats,
I rede ye tent it:

A chiel's amang you takin' notes,
And, faith, he'll prent it.

Burns.

I was with a commercial friend at the hour of the mid-day meal; and he proposed luncheon, adding, "Let's go to Crosby Hall." I did not quite apprehend his meaning. It was much as if he had proposed to me to take luncheon with him in Stonehenge or John O'Groat's house. Richard Grant White.

John, St. See ST. JOHN. John the Baptist. An altar-piece representing three scenes in his life, by the Flemish painter Roger van der Weyden (d. 1464). These pictures were formerly in Spain, but are now in the Museum of Berlin, Prussia.

John the Baptist in the Wilderness. A well-known picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy. It is supposed that this picture was executed in part by other hands. Similar pictures in the Louvre, Paris, at Bologna, and elsewhere, are thought to have been taken from it.

John the Baptist. See BEHEAD

ING OF ST. JOHN. John's, St. See ST. JOHN'S. Johnson's Court. A place in London near Fleet Street, known as one of the residences of Dr. Johnson. It did not, however, derive its name from him.

We burselves, not without labor and risk, lately discovered Gough Square, between Fleet Street and Holborn (adjoining both to Bolt Court and Johnson's Court), and on the second day of search the very house there, wherein the English Dictionary was composed. Carlyle.

Jonah. A statue executed by Raphael (1483-1520), the Italian painter, and pronounced "a remarkable work of sculpture.' It is in the Chigi Chapel, S. Maria Novella, Florence, Italy.

"Raphael, who handled the myth of Cupid and Psyche so magnificently in the Villa Farnesina of his patron Agostino Chigi, dedicated a statue of Antinous, -the only statue he ever executed in marble, - under the title of a Hebrew prophet in a Christian sanctuary. The fact is no less significant than strange. During the early centuries of Christianity

Jonah symbolized self-sacrifice and immortality. During those same centuries Antinous represented those same ideas, however inadequately, and for the unlettered laity of Paganism. It could scarcely have been by accident, or by mere admiration for the features of Antinous, that Raphael, in his marble, blent the Christian and the Pagan traditions. To unify and to transcend the double views of Christianity and Paganism in a work of pure art was Raphael's instinctive, if not his conscious, aim." J. A. Symonds. Jonathan's.

A former coffeehouse and resort of stock-jobbers in Change Alley, London."

The Cits met to discuss the rise and fall of stocks, and to settle the rate of insurance, at Garraway's or Jonathan's.

National Review.

Joseph.

See ST. JOSEPH and | Joys and Sorrows of the Virgin. POTIPHAR'S WIFE ACCUSING JO

SEPH.

A

Joseph sold into Captivity. fresco-painting by Friedrich Overbeck (1789-1869). Executed for the villa of the consul-general Bartholdy, in Rome.

Joseph's Coat. A celebrated picture by Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velasquez (1599-1660), the Spanish painter. In the Museum of Madrid, Spain.

Joseph's Tomb. A burial-place near Mount Gerizim and Jacob's Well in Northern Palestine, traditionally held to be the tomb of the patriarch Joseph. It is believed to be genuine.

Joseph's Well. A well of a total depth of 290 feet on the citadel hill at Cairo, Egypt, supposed to be so called from Yoosef, the other name of Saladin, by whom it was cleared of the sand which had filled it. It is thought to have been cut in the rock by the ancient Egyptians. It is built in two stages, the water being raised from the bottom to the first stage by donkeys or bullocks, and from the first stage to the top in the

same manner.

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Joux, Château de. A noted castle near Pontarlier in France, situated on a lofty hill, and memorable as having been the place of confinement of Toussaint L' Ouverture, who died here, and also of Mirabeau.

Solely by way of variation, not of alleviation (especially as the If Cerberus too has been bewitched), he has this sinner [Mirabeau] removed in May next, after some nine months space, to the Castle of Jour: an "old Owl's nest, with a few invalids," among the Jura Mountains.

Carlyle. Joux, Colonne de. See COLONNE DE JOUX.

Joyeuse, La. The sword of Charlemagne. It was found lying by the side of the emperor when his tomb at Aix-la-Chapelle was opened in 997 by Otho III. Most of the relics there found were subsequently removed to Vienna, Austria.

See VIRGIN.

Judenstadt. [Jews'-town]. A famous quarter in Prague, Bohemia, occupied by Jews, and one of the most widely known Ghettos, or Jews' quarters, of those existing in any city. The Jews were formerly confined here, and the gates locked at eight o'clock in the evening; but all restrictions are now removed. In this close quarter of narrow labyrinthine streets are huddled together some 8,000 Jews. It is supposed to be the oldest Jewish settlement in Europe, the colony having existed, according to tradition, before the downfall of Jerusalem. In another quarter of the city is a celebrated Jewish cemetery of great antiquity, but no longer used.

Judge's Cave. A cleft in a group of rocks near New Haven, Conn., where the famous regicides Goffe and Whalley were secreted for a time in 1661.

Judgment, Last. See LAST JUDG

MENT.

Judgment of Paris. A picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). It is in the National Gallery in London.

2. A picture by Angelica Kauffman (1741-1807).

Judgment of Solomon. 1. A picture by Giorgio Barbarelli, commonly called Giorgione (14771511). In the Uffizi Palace, Florence, Italy.

2. A noted picture by Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786-1846). Judgment of the Gods. See FEAST OF THE GODS.

Judith and Holofernes. A wellknown bronze statue by Donato di Betto Bardi, called Donatello (1383-1466). In the Loggia de' Lanzi, Florence, Italy.

"The Judith a strange rather than an attractive work was removed from the Medici Palace in the year 1495, and set up at the entrance of the palace of the Government."

Grimm, Trans.

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Judith and Holofernes. An admired picture by Cristofano Allori (1577-1621). In the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy. There are repetitions of this picture, one in the Belvedere, Vienna, another in the Uffizi, Florence. Juggernaut. A celebrated temple at Juggernaut, in India. It is the most famous place of pilgrimage in Hindostan. The name Juggernaut signifies the Lord of the World. In this temple is an image gorgeously decorated, which is carried on festal days upon a car moving upon wheels, and is drawn by people. The old belief, that while this car was moving along the crowded streets numbers of devout worshippers would throw themselves upon the ground in order to be crushed by the wheels, as an act of sacrifice to the idol deity, is now understood to be a gross exaggeration, the loss of life which occasionally attends the moving vehicle being the result of accident rather than intention. [Written also Juggernath.]

"The Asiatic Society has presented the French Government with a model of the temple and the proces sional car of Juggernaut. This precious specimen of art of the Middle Ages (1198) is placed in the Louvre, at l'aris." Lefevre. Tr. Donald.

A thousand pilgrims strain Arm, shoulder, breast, and thigh, with might and main,

To drag that sacred wain,

And scarce can draw along the enormous

load.

Prone fall the frantic votarles in its road,
And, calling on the god,

Their self-devoted bodies there they lay
To pave his chariot-way.
On Jaga-Naut they call,

The ponderous car rolls on, and crushes all.

Through flesh and bones it ploughs its dreadful path.

Groans rise unheard: the dying cry,
And death and agony

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Julian, St. See ST. JULIAN.
Julius Cæsar. See DEATH OF Ju-

LIUS CÆSAR and TRIUMPHS OF
JULIUS CAESAR.

Julius II. A celebrated portrait of this pope by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing him as seated in an arm-chair, wrapt in meditation. It is adjudged one of Raphael's best portraits. Among the well-known copies of this picture are one in the Uffizi Galfery, Florence, one in the National Gallery, London, and another in the Berlin Museum.

Jumma Musjeed. A famous Mohammedan temple or mosque at Delhi, Hindostan. It is built of sandstone and white marble. Jungfernstieg. [The Maiden's Walk.] A fashionable promenade in the city of Hamburg, Germany. It is a broad walk around the sides of a basin of water formed by damming up the small river Alster. It is a scene of much animation on summer evenings when the surface of the water is covered with gaylypainted boats.

Junior United Service Club. A London club, founded in 1826. See UNITED SERVICE CLUB.

Some of our party. . . made choice of the club-house in Commercial Square [Gibraltar). ... rather, perhaps, resembling the Junior United Service Club in Charles Street, by which every Londoner has passed ere this with respectful pleasure, catching glimpses of magnificent blazing candelabras, under which sit neat half-pay officers, drinking half-pints of port. Thackeray. Juno. A celebrated head of the goddess in the Villa Ludovisi, Rome, and hence generally known as the Ludovisi Juno. It has been ascribed to the Greek sculptor, Polycleitus the Elder (452 ?-412? B.C.). See BARBERINI JUNO.

"There is a head of Juno, Queen,' possessing a grandeur and seriousness altogether sublime. I do not believe there is any thing superior to it in Rome." Taine, Trans.

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representing the science of jurisprudence in its two divisions of ecclesiastical and civil law, with female figures personifying Prudence, Fortitude, and Temperance, and the figures of Pope Gregory XI., and the Emperor Justinian. This picture forms one of the series of four, entitled respectively, Theology, Poetry, Philosophy, and Jurisprudence, which were intended to exhibit the lofty subjects of thought with which the human mind is occupied. They are all in the Camera della Segnatura of the Vatican, Rome.

Justice and Divine Vengeance pursuing Crime. An admired picture by Pierre Prud'hon (17581823). In the Louvre, Paris. Justice. See BED OF JUSTICE and PALAIS DE JUSTICE.

Justina, St. See ST. JUSTINA AND
THE DUKE OF FERRARA.
Juvenis Adorans. See Boy PRAY-

ING.

See CAABA.

K.

Kaabah.
Kailasa. A famous cave-temple at
Elora, in the Deccan, India.

"A magnificent jewel in stone, as large as the Royal Exchange of London, made of a single isolated rock, hollowed within and magnificently carved without. Nothing is wanting to render its proportions, its grace, and its beauty perfect. The hand of a master must have fashioned this gorgeous structure which comprises chapels, porticos, colonnades supported by figures of elephants, two basilisks 39 feet high, a pagoda 100 feet high, flights of stairs, and galleries made solemn with a dim and almost a religious light. The whole structure covers a space of 340 feet in length by 190 feet in breadth, and the exterior walls are separated from the cliff to which the rock originally belonged by an excavated passage 26 to 32 feet in width; so that this wonderful rock-temple is completely isolated in the centre of a court hollowed out in the flank of the hill. Time, passing over the walls covered with innumerable statues, has blackened them; but in robbing them of much it has also imparted to them a real beauty. And here it may be remarked that the strange sculptures of Elora are only to be compared to the shapeless works of our middle ages; and though they are wanting in the repose of the Egyptian sculptures, they seem to live and breathe with a monstrous life." Lefevre, Tr. Donald.

Kaiserstuhl. [Cæsar's Seat.] An eminence rising above Heidelberg, in Germany, and affording a magnificent view. Karlstein. [Charles's Stone.] A famous feudal castle, the residence of the Bohemian kings, built in the middle of the fourteenth century, and still in a good state of preservation, not far from Prague.

Karnak, Temple of. See TEMPLE OF KARNAK.

Kasr. A ruin in ancient Babylon on the supposed site of the palace of Nebuchadnezzar.

Katherine Docks. See ST. KATHERINE DOCKS.

Kazan Cathedral. The metropolitan church of St. Petersburg, dedicated to our Lady of Kazan, standing upon the Nevskoi Prospekt. It is built of gray Finland granite, and was intended to be a copy of St. Peter's at Rome, having a circular colonnade in front like the latter, but is, however, only a feeble imita

tion of it.

Where are our shallow fords? and where The power of Kazan with its fourfold gates?

From the prison windows our maidens fair Talk of us still through the iron grates.

Longfellow. Adaptation.

Kazan looks down from the Volga wall,
Bright in the darkest weather;
And the Christian chime and the Moslem
call

Sound from her towers together.
E. D. Proctor.

Kazan, Defile of. An extraordinary pass in the Lower Danube, through which the river rushes. A road is carried along the bank by tunnelling through the perpendicular cliffs.

Kearsarge, The. A Union ship of war, commanded by Capt. Winslow, which, on the 19th of June, 1864, destroyed the Confederate privateer Alabama, off the coast of France, near Cherbourg. Kelso Abbey. An ancient ruined monastery in the town of Kelso, Scotland.

Kenilworth Castle. A magnificent ruined mansion, one of the most interesting and picturesque feudal remains in England, at Kenilworth, near Leamington. It is familiar to readers through the description of Sir Walter Scott in his novel of the same name. Kenilworth Castle was one of the strongholds of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, in his insurrection against Henry

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