III. John of Gaunt, coming into possession of the castle, enlarged

it

by magnificent buildings. Queen Elizabeth bestowed it upon Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who also made important additions. It was dismantled after the civil war of Charles I.

"Of this lordly palace, where princes feasted and heroes fought, now in the bloody earnest of storm and siege, now in the games of chivalry, where beauty dealt the prize which valor won, all is now desolate. The massy ruins of the castle only serve to show what their splendor once was, and to impress on the musing visitor the transitory value of human possessions." Sir Walter Scott.

"Some of the ivy that mantles this building has a trunk as large as a man's body, and throws out numberless strong arms, which, interweaving, embrace and interlace half-falling towers, and hold them up in a living, grow. ing mass of green. The walls of one of the oldest towers are sixteen feet thick. The former moat presents only a grassy hollow. What was formerly the gate-house is still inhabited by the family who have the care of the building. The land around is choicely and carefully laid out." Mrs. H. B. Stowe.

Heards't thou what the Ivy sighed,
Waving where all else hath died,
In the place of regal mirth,
Now the silent Kenilworth.

Felicia Hemans.

Kennedy. See CASTLE KENNEDY.

some

Kennington Common. An enclosure (comprising 20 acres) in Lambeth, London, once celebrated as a place of gathering for pugilists and also itinerant preachers, and memorable as the scene of the great Chartist meeting in 1848. It has now been converted into a park. Whitefield used to preach here to great crowds of people.

"Sunday, May 6, 1731. At six in the evening went and preached at Kennington, but such a sight I never saw before. Some supposed there were above 30,000 or 40,000 people, and near fourscore coaches, besides great numbers of horses; and there was such an awful silence amongst them, and the word of God came with such power, that all seemed pleasingly sur

prised. I continued my discourse for an hour and a half."

George Whitefield's Diary. Kennington Park. A modern park in London, formerly known as Kennington Common. See supra.

Kensal-Green Cemetery. On the Harrow Road, two and a half miles beyond Paddington, London. It occupies eighteen acres. Kensington. A parish of London, containing several hamlets. The. palace of Kensington is in St. Margaret's parish, Westminster. Kensington Gardens. Extensive pleasure-grounds attached to Kensington Palace, London, England, much frequented during the London season. The gardens were laid out in the time of William III., and at first consisted of only 26 acres.

Where Kensington high o'er the neighboring lands

Midst greens and sweets a regal fabric stands,

And sees each spring, luxuriant in her bowers,

A snow of blossoms and a wild of flowers, The dames of Britain oft in crowds repair To groves and lawns and unpolluted air. Thomas Tickell.

Wise and Loudon are our heroic poets; and if, as a critic, I may single out any passage of their works to commend, I shall take notice of that part in the upper garden at Kensington, which at first was nothing but a gravel-pit. Spectator.

Here in Kensington are some of the most poetical bits of tree and stump and sunny brown and green glen, and tawny earth. Haydon.

Kensington Museum. See SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM.

Kensington Palace. A royal residence of the English sovereigns, situated about two miles west of London. William and Mary lived here, and here Mary died in 1694, and William in 1702. After the death of William III., Anne and Prince George of Denmark lived at Kensington Palace, the latter dying here in 1708, and the former in 1714. Queen Victoria was born here May 24, 1819. It formerly contained the collection of pictures known as the Kensington Collection.

closure, 270 acres in extent, at Kew, near London, containing the plants, flowers, and vegetable curiosities of all countries. Keyne's Well. See ST. KEYNE'S WELL.

Keys of St. Peter. See DELIVERING THE KEYS.

Khasne, The. The great temple of Petra, occupying an unrivalled situation opposite the opening of the Sik, and in full view of every one entering the city. Almost the entire structure is hewn in the rock; and the age, and even the purpose of the monument, are matters of controversy. Its name, meaning "the Treasure," was given to it by the Arabs, who have a tradition that vast treasures of jewels and money were once placed in the urn upon the top of the façade, where they are still carefully guarded by jealous genii.

"With consummate skill have the architects of Petra availed themselves of remarkable natural formation to dazzle the stranger, as he emerges from an all but subterranean defile, by the enchanting prospect of one of their noblest monuments. Most fortunate, too, were they in the material out of which it is hewn; for the rosy tint of the portico, sculptured pediment, and statues overhead, contrasts finely with the darker masses of rugged cliff above and around, and the deep green of the vegetation at its base. The monument is in wonderful preservation; some of the most delicate details of the carving are as fresh and sharp as if executed yesterday." Murray's Handbook. "Its position is wonderfully fine, and its material and preservation very striking; but it is inconceivable how any one can praise its architecture. This temple, called by the Arabs 'Pharaoh's Treasury,' is absolutely set in a Miss Martineau.

niche."

"One of the most elegant remains of antiquity existing in Syria." Burckhardt.

"The typical and most beautiful tomb of this place [Petra] is that called the Khasne, or Treasury of Pha. raoh. . . . Though all the forms of the architecture are Roman, the details are so elegant and generally so well designed, that there must have been some Grecian influence brought to bear upon the work." Fergusson. Khuttub Minar. A famous pillar in the neighborhood of Delhi, India. It is of a circular form, 240 feet in height, with a base of 35 feet, diminishing to less than 10 feet at the top. It consists of five stories, the three lower being of red sandstone, and the two upper of white marble.

"As I stood a short distance from the base, my gaze travelling slowly from bottom to top, and from top to bottom, Mr. Place declared it to be the finest single tower in the world, and asked me whether I did not think so. I said 'no,' for just then I had Giotto's Florentine Campanile and the Giralda of Seville in mind, and could not venture to place it above them; but the longer I looked, the more its beauty grew upon me; and after spending three or four hours in its vicinity, I no longer doubted. It is, beyond question, the finest shaft in the world."

King of the Beans. See FEAST OF THE KING OF THE BEANS. King of the Forest. A picture by Sir Edwin Landseer (1803-1873), the most celebrated modern painter of animals.

Kings, Adoration of the. See ADORATION OF THE MAGI

King's Bench and Queen's Bench. An old prison in London, more recently known as the Queen's Prison, Southwark. Stow relates that the rebels under Wat Tyler "brake down the houses of the Marshalsey and King's Bench, in Southwarke." The Prince of Wales, afterwards Henry V., was committed to this prison. It was known as the Upper Bench Prison during the Commonwealth. The King's Bench Prison figures in the works of Dickens.

Micawber."And this is the Bench! Where for the first time in many revolv ing years the overwhelming pressure of pecuniary liabilities was not proclaimed from day to day by importunate voices declining to vacate the passage; where there was no knocker on the door for any creditor to appeal to; where personal service of process was not required, and detainers were merely lodged at the gate!"

Dickens.

King's Cave. A cavern near Tormore, in Scotland. It derives its name from the tradition that it was occupied by Fingal, Bruce, and other Scottish heroes. The interior is carved with rude devices. This cave, the largest of a line of caves on the Scottish coast, is hollowed out under the cliffs, and is supported partly by a natural pillar that divides the upper portion into two chambers. King's Chapel. A religious edifice on Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. It was built in 1754 on the site of an older church edifice. During the war of the Revolution it was for a time forsaken by its loyalist congregation. In the adjacent burial-ground, which has been used from 1630, many of the early Puritans, including Gov. Winthrop, are interred.

"The edifice, its records and the worshippers in it, are illustrative of the court-epoch of life in Boston, under the royal governors. A state

pew, with canopy and drapery, was fitted up in the chapel for the Earl of Bellomont; and the royal governor and his deputy were always to be of the vestry. When Joseph Dudley came home as governor, he seems, at least in part, to have turned his back upon his own place for worship and communion. His own armorial bearings and escutcheon were hung on one of the pillars of the chapel, as were those of other gentry. Gov. Hutchinson after him did the same. The edifice, in fact, and all that was done within its walls, and its objects and purposes, was a type and obtrusion of royal interference with the usages, the traditions, and the dearest attachments of the people. Men of note sat and worshipped in that first royal chapel. Among its worshippers were true Episcopalians by birth and conviction, and others who, without any special convictions, might reasonably seek there a substitute for that espionage and unwelcome form of religious dispensation found in the meeting. houses. Suspended from the pillars were the escutcheons of Sir Edmund Andros, Francis Nicholson, Capt. Hamilton, and Govs. Dudley, Shute, Burnet, Belcher, and Shirley. The altar-piece, with the gilded Gloria, the Creed, the Commandments, the Lord's Prayer, the organ, the surpliced priest, and, above all, the green boughs of Christmas, composed altogether a sight which some young Puritan eyes longed, and some older ones were shocked, to see." George E. Ellis.

The Chapel, last of sublunary things
That shocks our echoes with the name of
Kings,

Whose bell, just glistening from the font and forge,

Rolled its proud requiem for the second George,

Solemn and swelling, as of old it rang, Flings to the wind its deep, sonorous clang. Holmes.

King's Coffee-house. A rude structure in Covent Garden, London, formerly much frequented by persons from various ranks of society.

What rake is ignorant of King's Coffeehouse? Fielding.

King's College.

1. An ancient college in Cambridge, England, one of the 13 colleges of the university, founded in 1441, enjoying some peculiar privileges, and noted for its beautiful chapel.

The groves of Granta, and her gothic halls, King's Coll.. Cam's stream, stain'd win dows, and old walls. Byron

2. An ancient college in Aberdeen, Scotland, founded in 1494, by a bull of Pope Alexander VI. The building is noticeable for the fine carving in the chapel and library. The college now forms a part of the new University of Aberdeen.

"The tower of it [King's College] is surmounted by a massive stone crown, which forms a very singular feature in every view of Aberdeen, and is said to be a perfectly unique specimen of architecture."

Mrs. H. B. Stowe.

3. A college in London, founded in 1828, and occupying the east wing of Somerset House. King's College Chapel. A magnificent pile, connected with

King's College, Cambridge, England. It is regarded as one of the finest specimens in existence of the perpendicular Gothic.

"The interior is imposing from its great height, from the solemn beauty and splendor of the stained glass, and from the magnificent fan-tracery of the vaulting, which extends, bay after bay, in unbroken and unchanged succession, from one end of the chapel to the other." Fergusson.

-nothing cheered our way till first

King's College Hospital. Established in London for the sick poor, to afford instruction to the students of King's College, in 1839. The first stone of the present building was laid in 1852. King's Head. A club in London, of the time of Charles II., also known as the Green-Ribbon Club, from the distinguishing mark of a green ribbon to be worn in the hat, founded by Lord Shaftesbury, with the object of affording support to the court and government, and of influencing Protes

tant zeal. The members, who were popularly known as hogs in armour," from the peculiar dress which they wore, carried the weapon known as the Protestant Flail. According to Roger North, at the time of the popeburning procession of November, 1680, "the Rabble first changed their title, and were called the Mob in the assemblies of this club. It was their Beast of Burden, and called first mobile vulgus, but fell naturally into the contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper English." The club declined after these celebrations were suppressed in 1683.

...

"The gentlemen of that worthy society held their evening sessions continually at the King's Head Tavern, over against the Inner Temple Gate. They admitted all strangers that were confidingly introduced; for it was a main end of their institution to make proselytes, especially of the raw estated youth, newly come to town. This copious society were to the fac tion in and about London a sort of executive power, and, by correspond. ence, all over England. The resolves of the more retired councils of the ministry of the Faction were brought in here, and orally insinuated to the company, whether it were lyes, defa mations, commendations, projects, etc., and so, like water diffused, spread all over the town; whereby that which was digested at the club over night, was, like nourishment, at every assem bly, male and female, the next day; and thus the younglings tasted of politi cal administration, and took themselves for notable counsellors."

Roger North. King's Head. A tavern, now closed, in the Poultry, London. It was burnt in the great fire of 1666, and rebuilt. It was at first known by the sign of the Rose. Also a King's Head in Fenchurch Street, London, and many other public houses of this name, which was a common appellation. King's Market. [Dan. Kongen's Nytorv.] The principal square in Copenhagen, Denmark. Kings of Cologne. See SHRINE OF

THE THREE KINGS OF COLOGNE