when, or other memory hereof, is there none; but that the same hath long continued there, is manifest, namely since, or rather before the time of the Conquest." Stow.

Cade. And here, sitting upon London Stone, I charge and command, that, of the city's cost, the conduit run nothing but claret wine this first year of our reign. King Henry VI., Part II. Jack Straw at London Stone with all his rout Struck not the city with so loud a shout. Dryden.

London Stone Tavern. A house near the famous London Stone, in London, which has been incorrectly called the oldest tavern in the metropolis. The celebrated Robin Hood society originated here.

London Tavern. A well-known

place of entertainment in London, where are held many meetings, banquets, and other gatherings. It is situated in Bishopsgate Street Within. Dickens in

Nicholas Nickleby describes a meeting of the "United Metropolitan Improved Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking and Punctual Delivery Company," holden at the London Tavern.

London University. The University of London, Burlington Gardens, was established in 1837 for the sole purpose of examining candidates for academical honors, and for conferring degrees on college graduates, previously matriculated at this university. The university has nothing to do with the ordinary business of education, and the board of examiners is paid by Government. London Wall. This name is now applied to a street in London, the north side of which occupies the site of part of the old City wall. The wall, thought to be the work of the later Roman period, extended "from the Tower through the Minories to Aldgate, Houndsditch, Bishopsgate, along London Wall to Fore-street, through Cripplegate and Castle-street to Aldersgate, and so through Christ's Hospital by Newgate and Ludgate towards the Thames " (Timbs).

And when we come to London Wall,
A pleasant sight to view,
Come forth! come forth, ye cowards all,
Here's men as good as you.
R. S. Hawker.

Lone Mountain. A well-known cemetery, or cluster of cemeteries, in the neighborhood of San Francisco, Cal. Around the conical peak called the Lone Mountain a number of burial-places have been laid out.

Long Acre. A well-known street in London, between Covent Garden and St. Giles's.

Dick Swiveller. This dinner to-day closes Long Acre... There's only one avenue to the Strand left open now, and I shall have to stop up that to-night with a pair of gloves. Dickens.

Make his acquaintance by chance, and he takes you home to supper in a plain chariot on the best springs Long Acre can N. P. Willis.

turn out.

Long Bridge. A structure about

a mile in length, crossing the Potomac River at Washington. This bridge was famous during the civil war, being strongly fortified, and the great thoroughfare for troops and supplies, and the main avenue of communication with the Army of the Potomac.

Long Meg. A singular relic, supposed to be a part of a Druidical temple, near Penrith, in the county of Cumberland, England. It is a square unhewn column of red freestone, 15 feet in circumference, and 18 feet high. Sixtyseven stones arranged in a circle near by are known as Long Meg's Daughters.

"When I first saw this monument, as I came upon it by surprise, I might overrate its importance as an object; but, though it will not bear a comparison with Stonehenge, I have not seen any other relic of those dark ages which can pretend to rival it in singularity and dignity of appearance."

Wordsworth.

A weight of awe, not easy to be borne,
Fell suddenly upon my spirit-
When first I saw that family forlorn-
That sisterhood, in hieroglyphic round.
Wordsworth

Long Walk. A famous avenue in Windsor Park, near London, nearly three miles in length, in a

perfectly straight line, lined with trees, and terminated by the colossal equestrian statue of George III., in bronze, by Westmacott (1775-1856). It is considered the finest avenue of the kind in Europe.

Long Walls. The name given to the walls which in ancient times connected Athens with the sea. There were three" Long Walls;" but the name appears to have been applied to those two which connected the city with the Piræus, that leading to Phalerum being called the Phalerian Wall. These two walls (to the Piræus) were but a short distance apart. The foundations of the Long Walls may still be traced in part, though they were in ruins in the time of Pausanias. They were built during the administrations of Themistocles and of Pericles, in the fifth century B.C. A railway seven miles in length now extends from Athens to Piræus, and follows the course of one of these famous walls.

Longford Castle. The seat of the Earl of Radnor, near Salisbury, England. The mansion contains a fine collection of pictures. Longleat. The seat of the Marquis of Bath, on the borders of Wiltshire, England. A beautiful mansion of the Elizabethan age.

We should see the keeps where nobles, insecure themselves, spread insecurity around them, giving place to the halls of peaceful opulence, to the oriels of Longleat, and the stately pinnacles of Burleigh.

Macaulay.

O'er Longleat's towers, o'er Cranbourne's oaks,

The fiery herald flew;

He roused the shepherds of Stonehenge,

The rangers of Beaulieu. Macaulay.

Longwood. Napoleon Bonaparte's villa, on the island of St. Helena, occupied by the emperor during his exile. It was here that he died May 5, 1821.

each in his own department, to the height of glory. One of them died at Longwood; the other at Missolonghi. Macaulay.

Lord Clyde. An armor-plated ship of the British navy, launched Oct. 13, 1864.

Lord Mayor's Coach. The carriage in which, on state occasions, the Lord Mayor of London rides forth. It is a great lumbering vehicle, carved and gilded, said to have been designed and painted by Cipriani in 1757, built at an original cost of £1,065, and kept in repair at an annual expediture of £100. See CORONATION COACH.

"It seemed to me that a man of any sense must be very glad to get out of such a vehicular gimcrack as that.

...

Nothing could be more out of place, more incongruous, than this childish masquerading seemed to be with English common-sense, and with the sobriety and true dignity befitting such an official person as the mayor of the city of London."

Richard Grant White.

Lord Warden. An armor-plated ship of the British navy, launched May 27, 1865.

Lords, House of. See HOUSE OF

LORDS.

Lorelei, The. [Ger. Lurleiberg.] Rugged and precipitous rocks, rising 420 feet from the river Rhine. The old legend of a siren who lived on the summit of the rock, and enticed sailors and fishermen to their destruction in the rapids at the base of the rock, has formed a subject for poets and painters. Goethe's pretty little ballad is perhaps most familiar. Heinrich Heine, the German poet (1799?-1856), has a well-known lyric entitled the "Lorelei." [Written also Lurlei and Loreley.]

Yonder we see it from the steamer's deck,
The haunted mountain of the Lorelei.
The o'erhanging crags sharp-cut against
a sky

Clear as a sapphire without flaw or rack.
T. B. Aldrich.

tion to the obscure. Two men have died within our recollection, who, at a time of life at which few people have completed their education, have raised themselves,

trating the well-known legend upon the subject of the Loreley, by W. Kray. The same subject

has also been treated by others. See LORELEI. Lorenzo de' Medici. A famous statue by Michael Angelo Buonarotti (1475-1564). In the Church of S. Lorenzo, Florence, Italy. Called "Il Pensoso,' ""the think

er."

"From its character of profound reflection, the figure of Lorenzo has acquired the distinctive appellation of 'La Pensée de Michel Ange.' It is, in

fact, the personification of contemplative thought." J. S. Harford.

"Of a still higher order of art is the statue of Lorenzo. ... The air of the figure is thoughtful and contemplative. It is that of a man meditating and absorbed by some great design, and not without a dash of the formidable. There is something dangerous in that deep, solemn stillness and intense selfinvolution. Deadly will be the spring that follows the uncoiling of those folds. I recall no work in marble which leaves the same impression as this remarkable statue. Its power is like that of a magician's spell, such a work as would have been pronounced impossible to be executed in marble, had it not been done."

Hillard.

"I observe that the costume of the figure, instead of being mediæval, is Roman; but, be it what it may, the grand and simple character of the fig. ure imbues the robes with its individ. ual propriety. I still think it the greatest miracle ever wrought in marble." Hawthorne.

"It really is not worthy of Mr. Powers to say that the whole effect of this mighty statue depends, not on the positive efforts of Michael Angelo's chisel, but on the absence of light in the space of a few inches. He wrought the whole statue in harmony with that

small part of it which he leaves to the spectator's imagination, and, if he had erred at any point, the miracle would have been a failure; so that, working in marble, he has positively reached a degree of excellence above the capabil ity of marble, sculpturing his highest touches upon air and duskiness."

Hawthorne. Lorenzo, San. See SAN LORENZO. Loreto. See SANTA CASA. Lorsch, Abbey of. A ruined monastery near Bensheim, Germany. It is considered one of the oldest Gothic edifices in Germany, parts

of the existing building dating from the year 774.

Lost Pleiad. An admired picture by Thomas Buchanan Read (18221872).

Lost River. A natural curiosity in Hampshire County, W.Va. Å stream disappears abruptly at the base of a mountain, through which it finds its way by underground channels.

Lothbury. A district in London where live many candlestickmakers and pewterers. According to Stow the name is derived from the loathsome noise proceeding from the shops of these metalworkers.

And, early in the morning, will I send
To all the plumbers and the pewterers,
And buy their tin and lead up; and to
Lothbury

For all the copper.

Ben Jonson.

'Tis a note of enchantment; what ails her? she sees

A mountain ascending, a vision of trees; Bright volumes of vapor through Lothbury glide,

And a river flows on through the vale of Cheapside. Wordsworth. Lot's Wife. The name given to a pillar covered with asphaltum, which stands in a region adjacent to the Dead Sea, Palestine. The allusion is to the account given in Gen. xix. 26.

Lottatori, I. See WRESTLERS, THE. Loudon Castle. An ancient feudal mansion near Galston, Scotland, belonging to Lord Bute, who purchased it in 1868 for $300,000.

Loudon Park. A fine cemetery near Baltimore, Md. The grounds cover 100 acres.

Louis-le-Grand, Collége. A famous school of the seventeenth century, in Paris. It was the great school, the Eton, of France, attended by thousands of the children of the most distinguished families in the kingdom. Voltaire was at one time a member of this school. It was under the control of the Jesuits, and was originally known as the College of Clermont, but was afterwards named in honor of Louis XIV.

The school still exists upon its old site in Paris.

Louis, St. See ST. LOUIS.

Louisa, Queen of Prussia. A work of sculpture by Christian Rauch (1777-1857), and regarded as one of his masterpieces. At Charlottenburg, Prussia.

Louise Home. A fine building in Washington, erected by W. w. Corcoran, and intended as a home for indigent ladies of culture. Louisiana, The. 1. A gunboat of the United States navy during the war of the Rebellion. Having been laden with 250 tons of powder, she was towed close under the walls of Fort Fisher, in North Carolina, when the pow der was exploded on the 24th of December, 1864, but without doing any serious injury to the fortifications.

"A capital feature in the plan of the expedition was the explosion of an enormous floating-mine as near the fort as possible, with the intention of demolishing the work, or so paralyz ing the garrison that the seizure of the fort might be an easy task for the troops that were to debark immediately after the explosion. A captured blockade-runner was converted into a monster torpedo, charged with 430,000 pounds of gunpowder, and placed under command of Capt. Rhind. The powder was in barrels and bags, and penetrated by Gomez fuses for ignition. It was intended to have her towed near the fort by a tug, in which the crew, after firing combustibles which were placed on board the torpedo-vessel, might escape. . . . Before their [the transports'] return with the troops that were to play an important part with the torpedo-vessel, Porter had exploded that mine without any visible effect on the fort or garrison."

Lossing.

2. A Confederate steam-battery used in the defence of the approaches to New Orleans, La. She was destroyed by the vessels of Admiral Farragut's fleet, April 24, 1862.

Lourdes, Virgin of. See GROTTO DE LA VIERGE.

Louvre, The. This palace in Paris,

France, is connected with the Tuileries by a long gallery which contains the French national collection of pictures. On the site of the present palace once stood a castle, the hunting-seat of King Dagobert, which was called Louveterie, or wolf-hunting establishment, whence the name Louvre is said to be derived. The building was completed by Napoleon 250 years after the first foundations were laid. It was occupied as a residence by several monarchs of France, but since the time of Louis XV. it has been devoted to the exhibition of works of art. Its galleries are filled with paintings by the best masters, such as Raphael, Murillo, Guido, Domenichino, and others, also splendid vases, mosaics, and sculptures, with many valuable and magnificent reliques of the kings and queens of France.

"I must confess that the vast and beautiful edifice struck me far more than the pictures, sculpture, and curiosities which it contains, the shell more than the kernel inside; such noble suites of rooms and halls were those through which we first passed, containing Egyptian, and, farther onward, Greek and Roman antiquities; the walls cased in variegated marbles, the ceilings glowing with beautiful frescos; the whole extended into infinite vistas by mirrors that seemed like va cancy, and multiplied every thing for. ever.... From the pictures we went into a suite of rooms where are preserved many relics of the ancient and later kings of France. If each monarch could have been summoned from Hades to claim his own relics, we should have had the halls full of the old Childerics, Charleses, Bourbons and Capets, Henrys and Louises, snatching with ghostly hands at scep tres, swords, armor, and mantles; and Napoleon would have seen, apparently, almost every thing that personally belonged to him, his coat, his cocked hats, his camp-desk, his field-bed, his knives, forks, and plates, and even a lock of his hair." Hawthorne.

"What a paradise this gallery is for French students, or foreigners who sojourn in the capital! It is hardly necessary to say that the brethren of the brush are not usually supplied by Fortune with any extraordinary wealth or means of enjoying the luxuries with

which Paris, more than any other city, abounds. But here they have a luxury which surpasses all others, and spend their days in a palace which all the money of all the Rothschilds could not buy. They sleep, perhaps, in a garret, and dine in a cellar; but no grandee in Europe has such a drawing-room. Kings' houses have at best but damask hangings and gilt cornices. What are those to a wall covered with canvas by Paul Veronese, or a hundred yards of Rubens? .. Here is a room half a mile long, with as many windows as Aladdin's palace, open from sunrise till evening, and free to all manners and varieties of study." Thackeray.

The next day I went to see the Louvre with more attention, its severall courts and Pavilions. One of the quadrangles, begun by Hen. IV. and finished by his son and grandson, is a superb but mix'd structure. The cornices, mouldings, and compartments, with the insertion of several colored marbles have been of great expence. We went through the long gallery, pav'd with white and black marble, richly fretted and painted a fresca. The front looking to the river, tho' of rare work for the carving, yet wants of that magnificence which a plainer and truer designe would have contributed to it.

John Evelyn, Diary, 3 Feb., 1644. It was thy Pleasure House, thy Palace of Dainty Devices; thy Louvre, or thy White-Hall. Charles Lamb.

Louvre, Musée du.
DU LOUVRE.

See MUSÉE

Love. See EARTHLY LOVE, GarDEN OF LOVE, and SACRED AND PROFANE LOVE.

With footsteps low shall travellers go Where Lovewell's Pond shines clear and bright,

And mark the place where those are laid Who fell in Lovewell's bloody fight.' Loving Cup. The name given to a goblet, usually of silver, which on ceremonial occasions, like the Lord Mayor's feast, is passed from one guest to another at the table, each raising it to his lips and tasting of its contents.

A playful fancy could have carried the matter farther, could have depicted the feast in the Egyptian Hall,. .'. and Mr. Toole behind the central throne, bawling out to the assembled guests and dignitaries: "My Lord So-and-so, my Lord Whatd'ye-call-im, my Lord Etcætera, the Lord Mayor pledges you all in a LovingCup." Thackeray.

Low Life and High Life. A picture of two dogs by Sir Edwin Landseer (1802-1873). In the National Gallery, London. The subject of High Life is a slender and delicate deerhound, long supposed to have been a portrait of Sir Walter Scott's "Maida," at home in the luxurious chamber of its master. The picture was painted in 1829. The subject of Low Life is a massive bull-dog, sitting in a rude doorway, keeping guard with one eye over the hat, boots, and pint-pot of his master the butcher, and with the other lazily blinking in the warm sunshine.

Lovers' Leap. See SAPPHO'S LEAP. Lovewell's Pond. A small lake near the village of Fryeburg, in Maine, noted as being the scene of a desperate fight with the Indians in the old colonial days. It was one of the most fierce and sanguinary of the many encounters between the early settlers and the savages; and the fame of the heroism there displayed by the brave colonists, under the lead of Capt. John Lovewell (from whom the pond takes its name), still survives in ballad and tradition. [Also Lovell's Pond.] "What time the noble Lovewell came With fifty men from Dunstable, The cruel Pequot tribe to tame, With arms and bloodshed terrible.

castle near Cassel, Germany, fitted in every respect to correspond with the description of a MiddleAge fortress, "with moat, drawbridge, chapel, and garden of pyramidal trees."

Löwendenkmal. See LION OF LU

CERNE.

Lowther Arcades. One of the principal arcades in London.

Lowther Castle. The seat of the Earl of Lonsdale, near Carlisle, England.

Luca, Accademia di San. See ST. LUKE.

Luccombe Chine. A curious and

celebrated ravine on the Isle of Wight, not far from Ventnor, much visited by tourists.