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na del Rosario. [Madonna Rosary.] A picture of the n and Child by Giovanni sta Salvi, surnamed Sassoo (1605-1685), and his most rated work. In the church Sabina, at Rome.

"When the Virgin or the Child the rosary, it [the picture] is Madonna del Rosario, and paint. the Dominicans." Mrs. Jameson.

"Domenichino, who died of a en heart at Rome, because his proons were neglected, is a painter always touches one nearly. His onna del Rosario is crowded with ty. Such children I never saw in ting, the very ideals of infantine e and innocence." N. P. Willis.

nna del Sacco. [Madonna he Sack.] A picture by Ana Vanucchi, called Andrea Sarto (1487-1531), the Italian ater, and regarded as one of masterpieces. "A lunette sco, known and praised the

rld over." It derives its name m the sack on which Joseph ns. It is painted over a door the court of the Convent of SS. Anunziata, Florence, Italy.

"1645, 21 May. We went to the famous piece of Andrea del rto in the Annunciata; the storie is at the Painter in a time of dearth borw'd a sack of corne of the religious of at convent, and repayment being deanded, he wrought it out in this picre, which represents Joseph sitting a sack of corne, and reading to the Virgin; a piece infinitely valued."

John Evelyn.

"Michael Angelo and Raphael re said to have gazed at it unceas ngly.' It is much defaced, and preerves only its graceful drawing. The ountenance of Mary has the beau reste f singular loveliness." N. P. Willis.

donna del Tempi. A wellknown picture of the Virgin and Child by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), so called from the Palazzo Tempi at Florence, Italy, where it was formerly situated. It is now in the Pinakothek, at Munich, Bavaria.

Ladonna del Trono. [Madonna of the Throne.] A famous picture by Fra Bartolommeo (1469

1517). In the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy.

"The perfect architectonic idea is not only everywhere set forth in a lively manner, but also filled with the noblest individual life." Burckhardt. Madonna del Viaggio. See MADONNA DEL GRAN DUCA. Madonna della Candelabra. [Madonna of the Candlestick.] A well-known circular picture of the Virgin and Child by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), in which the Madonna is represented seated, with an angel on each side bearing a torch. This picture is now the property of Hon. H. Butler Johnstone, England. [Called also La Vierge aux Candelabres.] Madonna della Casa Colonna. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (14831520). In the Museum at Berlin, Prussia.

Madonna della Casa d'Alba. [Madonna of the House of Alva, called also Madonna della Famiglia d'Alva.] A beautiful and well-known circular picture of the Virgin and Child by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing the Madonna, "a full-length figure seated in a quiet landscape; the Child on her lap, she holds a book in her hand; the little St. John, kneeling before his divine companion, offers him a cross, which he receives with looks of unutterable love.' This picture, which was formerly in London, is now in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. There is a copy of it in the Palazzo della Torre, Ravenna, Italy.

Madonna della Casa Tempi. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), in which the Virgin is represented standing and pressing 'the Child closely to her. This picture was formerly in Florence, Italy, but is now in the Gallery of Munich, Bavaria. Madonna della Cintola. [Madonna of the Girdle.] A legendary subject frequently treated by the Middle-Age artists.

"The legend relates that when

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That nobler type is realized again
In perfect formi, and dedicate to whom?
To a poor Syrian girl of lowest name,
A hapless creature, pitiful and trail
As ever wore her life in sin and shame;
Of whom all history has this single tale, -
"She loved the Christ, she wept beside
his grave,

And He, for that love's sake, all else for-
gave.
Lord Houghton.

Madeleine, Boulevart de la. One of the boulevards of Paris, extending only about 600 feet from the church of the Madeleine. See BOULEVARDS.

Madem's Well. See ST. MADEM'S WELL.

Madison Square. A fashionable park in the city of New York, some six acres in extent, three miles from the Battery. It is bordered by magnificent hotels, and contains a monument erected to the memory of Gen. Worth. Miss Flora M'Flimsey, of Madison Square. W. A. Butler. Madison's Cave. A natural curiosity in Augusta County, Va.

"It extends into the earth about 300 feet, branching into subordinate caverns, and at length terminates in two different places at basins of water of unknown extent. The vault of this cave is of solid limestone from 20 to 40 or 50 feet high, through which water is continually percolating. This trickling down the sides of the cave has incrusted them over in the form of elegant drapery." Jefferson.

Madness. One of two celebrated statues by Caius Gabriel Cibber (d. 1700?), which formerly adorned the principal gate of the old Bethlehem Hospital, London, and are now in the entrance-hall of the l

new Bethlem Hospital. The companion figure is called Melancholy. See MELANCHOLY.

"These are the earliest indications of the appearance of a distinct and natural spirit in sculpture. Those who see them for the first time are fixed to the spot with terror and awe.... From the degradation of the actual madhouse we turn overpowered and disgusted, but from these magnifi cent creations we retire in mingled awe and admiration." Cunningham.

Madonna. [My Lady, i.e. the Virgin Mary.] The favorite subject of pictorial representation by the great religious painters of the Middle Ages.

"Of the pictures in our galleries, public or private, .. the largest and most beautiful portion have reference to the Madonna, - her character, her person, her history. It was a theme which never tired her votaries, whether, as in the hands of great and sincere artists, it became one of the noblest and loveliest, or, as in the hands of superficial, unbelieving, time-serving artists, one of the most degraded. All that human genius, inspired by faith, could achieve of best; all that fanaticism, sensualism, atheism, could perpetrate of worst,-do we find in the cycle of those representations which have been dedicated to the glory of the Virgin." Mrs. Jameson.

Of the almost innumerable compositions upon this theme, a few of the more celebrated and familiar, especially those which bear a distinctive title, are given below. See also, for pictures relating to this subject, HOLY FAMILY and VIRGIN.

Madonna. An altar-piece by Giovanni Cimabue (1240-13022). In the church of S. Maria Novella, Florence, Italy.

"In spite of its colossal size, and formal attitude and severe style, the face of this Madonna is very striking, and has been well described as 'sweet and unearthly, reminding you of a sibyl."" Mrs. Jameson.

"It happened that this work was so much an object of admiration to the people of that day, they having then never seen any thing better, that it was carried in solemn procession, with the sound of trumpets and other festal demonstrations, from the house of

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Its cherub faces, which the sun threw out
Until they stooped and entered the
church door!
Mrs. Browning.

Madonna. A marble statue of the

Virgin by Michael Angelo Buonarotti (1474-1564). In the Church of Notre Dame at Bruges, Belgium.

"This Madonna is one of. Michael Angelo's finest works. She is looking straight forward; a handkerchief is placed across her hair, and falls softly, on both sides, on her neck and shoulders. In her countenance, in her look, there is a wonderful majesty, a queenly gravity, as if she felt the thousand pious glances of the people who look up to her on the altar."

Grimm, Trans. Madonna Aldobrandini. A wellknown picture of the Virgin and Child by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), representing her as "seated upon a bench, and bending tenderly toward the little St. John, her left arm around him; he reaches up playfully for a flower offered to him by the Infant Christ who rests on his mother's lap." This picture is now in the National Gallery, London. Madonna Ancajani. A picture of the Holy Family by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), so called from a family of that name at Spoleto, Italy, to whom it formerly belonged. It is said to be the largest picture by Raphael in Germany, after the Sistine Madonna,

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Madonna at the Well. A picture by Giuliano Bugiardini (14811556). Formerly attributed to Raphael. In the Uffizi, Florence, Italy.

Madonna col Divino Amore. [Madonna with the Divine Love.] A picture of the Holy Family by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), or, as some think, by Giulio Romano (1492-1546). Now in the Museum of Naples, Italy.

Madonna dei Ansidei. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). Now at Blenheim, England. Madonna del Bacino. [Madonna of the Basin.] A well-known picture by Giulio Romano (14921546). In the gallery at Dresden, Saxony.

"The Child stands in a basin, and the young St. John pours water upon him from a vase, while Mary washes him. St. Elisabeth stands by, holding a napkin; St. Joseph behind is looking on. Notwithstanding the homeliness of the action, there is here a religious and mysterious significance, prefiguring the Baptism." Mrs. Jameson. Madonna del Baldacchino. [Madonna of the Canopy.] 1. A celebrated altar-piece by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), in which the Virgin and the Child are represented as seated on a throne over which is a canopy (baldacchino), the curtains of which are held by two angels. This picture was left unfinished by Raphael. It is

in the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy.

"The picture is not deficient in the solemnity suited to a church subject, .. in other respects, how. ever, the taste of the naturalisti prevails, and the heads are in general devoid of nobleness and real dignity." Eastlake.

2. A large picture by Fra Bartolommeo (1469-1517), the Italian painter. In the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy.

[Ma

Madonna del Cardellino. donna of the Goldfinch.] A beautiful painting of the Virgin by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). Now in the Tribune of the Uffizi Palace in Florence, Italy. The little St. John is represented as offering a goldfinch to the Infant Christ, whence the name of the picture.

"The form and countenance of the Madonna are here of the purest beauty; the little Baptist also is extremely sweet; but the conception of the Infant Christ does not fulfil the master's intention, which appears to have been to represent the dignity of a divine being in a childlike form; both the figure and expression are rather stiff and affected." Eastlake.

"Perhaps the most perfect example [of the domestic style of treatment] which could be cited from the whole range of art is Raphael's Madonna del Cardellino."

"The Madonna Gran Duca marks the growing transition from the first to the second manner of Raphael." J. S. Harford.

Madonna del Orto. A celebrated church of the fourteenth century in Venice, Italy. It contains among other pictures the famous Last Judgment of Tintoretto. Madonna del Passegio. [Madonna of the Walking-place.] A picture of the Holy Family, consisting of four figures, the Virgin, the Child, the infant St. John, with St. Joseph standing by, commonly attributed to Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), but which some suppose to have been painted by Francesco Penni. It was formerly in the Orleans Gallery, but is now in the Bridgewater Collection, in London. Copies of this picture are in the Museum of Naples, and elsewhere.

"In a Holy Family of four fig. ures, we have frequently the Virgin, the Child, and the infant St. John, with St. Joseph standing by. Rapha el's Madonna del Passegio is an example." Mrs. Jameson.

Madonna del Pesce. [Madonna of the Fish.] A celebrated picture by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), representing the Virgin and Child enthroned, with St. Jerome on one side, and on the

other Mrs. Jameson.

"The divine goodness expressed in the countenance of the Child Jesus whilst he holds his hands over the little bird, and seems to say, 'Not one of these is forgotten by my Father,' is beyond all description."

Frederika Bremer. See MA

Madonna del Donatore. DONNA DI FOLIGNO. Madonna del Giglio. [Madonna of the Lily.] A picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). In the collection of Lord Garvagh. Madonna del Gran Duca [of the Grand Duke]. A well-known picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483– 1520), representing the Mother holding the Child tranquilly in her arms, and looking down in deep thought. In the Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy.

It

an archangel with the young Tobit who carries a fish. The picture derives its name from this last circumstance. is considered one of the finest of Raphael's Madonnas. This picture is now in the Gallery of Madrid, Spain.

"Tobias with the fish was an early type of baptism. In Raphael's Madonna dell' Pesce, he is introduced as the patron saint of the painter, but not without a reference to a more sacred meaning, that of the guardian spirit of all humanity."

Mrs. Jameson. Madonna del Pozzo. [Madonna of the Well.] A picture attributed to Raphael (1483-1520), but thought by some to be the work of Giulio Romano (1492-1546). In the Tribune of the Uffizi, Florence, Italy.

Madonna del Rosario. [Madonna of the Rosary.] A picture of the Virgin and Child by Giovanni Battista Salvi, surnamed Sassoferrato (1605-1685), and his most celebrated work. In the church of S. Sabina, at Rome.

"When the Virgin or the Child holds the rosary, it [the picture] is then a Madonna del Rosario, and paint. ed for the Dominicans." Mrs. Jameson.

His

"Domenichino, who died of a broken heart at Rome, because his productions were neglected, is a painter who always touches one nearly. Madonna del Rosario is crowded with beauty. Such children I never saw in painting, the very ideals of infantine grace and innocence." N. P. Willis. Madonna del Sacco. [Madonna of the Sack.] A picture by Andrea Vanucchi, called Andrea del Sarto (1487-1531), the Italian painter, and regarded as one of his masterpieces. "A lunette fresco, known and praised the world over." It derives its name from the sack on which Joseph leans. It is painted over a door in the court of the Convent of SS. Annunziata, Florence, Italy.

"1645, 21 May. We went to see the famous piece of Andrea del Sarto in the Annunciata; the storie is that the Painter in a time of dearth borrow'd a sack of corne of the religious of that convent, and repayment being demanded, he wrought it out in this picture, which represents Joseph sitting on a sack of corne, and reading to the B. Virgin; a piece infinitely valued." John Evelyn.

"Michael Angelo and Raphael are said to have gazed at it unceas ingly. It is much defaced, and preserves only its graceful drawing. The countenance of Mary has the beau reste of singular loveliness." N. P. Willis. Madonna del Tempi. A wellknown picture of the Virgin and Child by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), so called from the Palazzo Tempi at Florence, Italy, where it was formerly situated. It is now in the Pinakothek, at Munich, Bavaria.

Madonna del Trono. [Madonna

of the Throne.] A famous picture by Fra Bartolommeo (1469– |

1517). In the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy.

"The perfect architectonic idea is not only everywhere set forth in a lively manner, but also filled with the noblest individual life." Burckhardt. Madonna del Viaggio. See MADONNA DEL GRAN DUCA. Madonna della Candelabra. [Madonna of the Candlestick.] A well-known circular picture of the Virgin and Child by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), in which the Madonna is represented seated, with an angel on each side bearing a torch. This picture is now the property of Hon. H. Butler Johnstone, England. [Called also La Vierge aux Candelabres.] Madonna della Casa Colonna. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (14831520). In the Museum at Berlin, Prussia.

Madonna della Casa d'Alba. [Madonna of the House of Alva, called also Madonna della Famiglia d'Alva.] A beautiful and well-known circular picture of the Virgin and Child by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing the Madonna, "a full-length figure seated in a quiet landscape; the Child on her lap, she holds a book in her hand; the little St. John, kneeling before his divine companion, offers him a cross, which he receives with looks of unutterable love." This picture. which was formerly in London, is now in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. There is a copy of it in the Palazzo della Torre, Ravenna, Italy.

Madonna della Casa Tempi. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), in which the Virgin is represented standing and pressing the Child closely to her. This picture was formerly in Florence, Italy, but is now in the Gallery of Munich, Bavaria. Madonna della Cintola. [Madonna of the Girdle.] A legendary subject frequently treated by the Middle-Age artists.

"The legend relates that when

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