belonging to the Duke of Buckingham, and the scene of many interesting incidents. Only a part of the building now remains. New Harmony. A celebrated socialist community established in 1825, in a place bearing this name in Indiana, purchased by Robert Owen (1771-1858) for the purpose of testing his theory of society. The experiment proved entirely unsuccessful. New Inn. A law seminary in London, one of the inns of Chancery. New Ironsides. A noted vessel in the United States navy in the Civil War of 1861-65. She was the flag-ship of Admiral Dupont's flotilla in the attack upon the defences of Charleston, S.C. New Palace. [Ger. der Königsbau.] A splendid palace in Munich, Bavaria, imitated in part from the Palazzo Pitti in FlorItaly, built in 1835. ence, "The New Residence is not only one of the wonders of Munich, but of the world." Bayard Taylor. New Palace (at Westminster). See WESTMINSTER PALACE. New Place. The name of the house which Shakespeare purchased at Stratford-on-Avon, after his return to his native town, and in which he died. The foundations of the house are all that now remain. The site, purchased by public subscription, has been converted into a pleasureground. "It cost Shakespeare sixty pounds sterling (equal to about $1,500); a small outlay for the dwelling of a man of its new possessor's means and capacity of enjoyment. No represen tation of the house as it was in Shakespeare's time is known to exist, it having been altered after his death; yet its size was not enlarged, and an exist ing representation of it in its last condition shows that it was a goodly man. Bion." Richard Grant White. "After that we were taken to see New Place. And what is New Place,' you say, the house where New York University. See UNI- Newark Castle. This Scottish castle on the river Yarrow was formerly a royal residence. The Duchess of Buccleuch is supposed to have been here, listening to the "Lay of the Last Minstrel," who "Passed where Newark's stately tower The shattered front of Newark's tower, Newbattle Abbey. The seat of the Marquis of Midlothian, near Dalhousie, Scotland. Newcastle House. A famous mansion in London, the residence of the Duke of Newcastle. It is no longer standing, its site being occupied by Newcastle Place. Newgate. A celebrated prison in London, and the oldest in the city, formerly used for felons and debtors, now as a jail for the confinement of prisoners before and after trial at the Old Bailey. Many distinguished persons have been imprisoned within the walls of Newgate, and many famous criminals have here been executed. It was rebuilt in 1770-80. Among those who have been imprisoned here are, Sackville the poet, George Wither, Penn, De Foe, Jack Sheppard, Dr. Dodd, Lord George Gordon. Newgate prison had its origin in the gate-house of New-Gate, which was one of the principal gates of the City. The executions which formerly were carried out at Tyburn now take place here. "It has a most imposing exterior, which is perhaps its greatest use as a deterrer from crime, and the worst possible interior." Capt. Williams. "There, at the very core of London, in the heart of its business and animation, in the midst of a whirl of noise and motion: stemming, as it were, the giant currents of life that flow ceaselessly on from different quarters, and meet beneath its walls, stands Newgate." Dickens. "Newgate, though only a prison, and pretending to be nothing else, is still one of the best public buildings in the metropolis... There is nothing in it but two great windowless blocks, each 90 feet square, and between them a very commonplace gaoler's residence." Fergusson. Newgate he builded faire Anonymous. For what is history, in fact, but a kind of Newgate calendar, a register of the crimes and miseries that man has inflicted on his fellow-man? Irving. Nay, look at Newgate: do not the offScourings of Creation, when condemned to the gallows, as if they were not men but vermin, walk thither with decency, and even to the scowls and hootings of the whole Universe give their stern goodnight in silence? Carlyle. The drop on the stones, of the blind man's Newstead Abbey. An antique building near Nottingham, England, originally a monastery, founded by Henry II., celebrated as having been once the residence of Lord Byron, and in which numerous relics of the poet are still preserved. The building is now the property of Col. Wildman. "Newstead Abbey is one of the finest specimens in existence of those quaint and romantic piles, half castle, half convent, which remain as monuments of the olden times of England. It stands, too, in the midst of a legend. ary neighborhood; being in the heart of Sherwood Forest, and surrounded by the haunts of Robin Hood and his band of outlaws, so famous in ancient ballad and nursery tale." Irving. decay; In thy once smiling garden the hemlock and thistle Have choked up the rose which late bloomed in the way. Ibid. What made my heart, at Newstead, fuile t swell? 'Twas not the thought of Byron, of his cry Stormily sweet, his Titan agony. Matthew Arnold. Newtown Abbey. A picturesque ruined monastery near Trim, in the county of Meath, Ireland. Niagara. A picture by Frederick E. Church (b. 1826), well known through frequent reproductions. Now in the Corcoran Gallery, Washington. "Church's Niagara was imme. diately recognized as the first satisfactory delineation by art of one of the greatest natural wonders of the Western world, and this is in itself extraordinary praise." Tuckerman. "Mr. Ruskin, when looking at Church's Niagara,' pointed out an effect of light upon water, which he declared he had often seen in nature, especially among the Swiss waterfalls, but never before on canvas." Tuckerman. Niagara, The. 1. A ship of Commodore Perry's squadron, which did great service in the naval battle with the British on Lake Erie in 1813. 2. An American man-of-war employed, in connection with the English steamer Agamemnon, in laying the first Atlantic cable in 1857 and 1858. Niblo's Garden. A theatre on Broadway, New York, chiefly used for spectacular plays. Nickajack Cave. A natural curiosity in Alabama on the borders of Georgia. The name is a corruption or improvement upon "Nigger Jack," the leader of a band of negroes who frequented this cave. Nicolas des Champs. See ST. 1 Nicolas du Chardonnet. A church in Paris, rebuilt in 1656-1709 in the Italian style of that time. Niddrie Castle. A ruined feudal stronghold in Scotland not far from Linlithgow. Here Mary Queen of Scots tarried for a time after her escape from Lochleven. Niederwald. The name given to a series of heights and also to a forest near Bingen on the Rhine. Night, The. One of four colossal figures executed by Michael Angelo Buonarotti (1475-1564). In the church of S. Lorenzo, Florence, Italy. "The famous statue of the Night, La Notte di Michelagnolo, that work known by name to all who have heard of Michael Angelo. Of none can it be asserted with so much justice that he alone could have produced it." Grimm, Trans. Michel's Night and Day And Dawn and Twilight wait in marble Mrs. Browning. scorn. Night, The. A celebrated basrelief by Albert Bertel Thorwaldsen (1770-1844), the Danish sculptor. It is well known by engravings. Night. A picture by Sir Edwin Landseer (1803-1873), the celebrated English painter. Night-Watch, The. A celebrated picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1607-1669), the Dutch painter, the largest he ever painted, and regarded as his chief work, It is in the Amsterdam Gallery. Nile, The. A colossal marble statue discovered during the pontificate of Leo X., and now in the Vatican, Rome. "A grand reclining statue called "The Nile,' a copy of which is in the Tuileries. Nothing could be more graceful, more fluid, than these infantile diminutive creatures playing around this large body; nothing could better express the fulness, the repose, the indefinable, the almost divine life of a river." Taine, Trans. Nilometer. [Arab. Mekkecás.] This celebrated structure, situated on the island of Roda, near Cairo, [ Egypt, serves, as its name indicates, to measure the height of the water in the Nile. It consists of a square well or chamber, within which is a pillar graduated into cubits (each 21 7-16 inches long), those in the upper part of the pillar being subdivided into 24 digits each. Every day during the period of the inundation criers proclaim through the streets of Cairo the height to which the water has risen, as indicated by the Nilometer; and when it has reached a certain height the canals are opened, and the water flows over the land. The usual height to which the water rises (during the inundation) at Cairo is from 24 to 26 feet. The date of construction of the Nilometer at Roda is assigned to the ninth century. Among other Nilometers was one at Memphis in the time of the Pharaohs, one at Ilithyia in the time of the Ptolemies, and one at Elephantiné during the reigns of the early Roman emperors. "We crossed by a ferry-boat to the island of Roda, to see the Nilometer, which I was surprised to find a very pretty place; a damp, dim chamber, tufted with water-weeds, steep stairs down into it, and a green pool and mud at the bottom; in the centre, a graduated pillar; in the four sides of the chamber, four pointed arches,one filled in with an elegant grating; round the cornice, and over the arches, Cufic inscriptions; and in two of the niches, within the arches, similar inscriptions. The crypt-like aspect of the chamber, with its aquatic adornments of weeds and mosses, so perfectly in accordance with its purpose, - was charming." Miss Martineau. Nimes Arena. See ARENA. Nina, The. One of the three ves sels with which Columbus set sail for America from Palos, Spain, on the 3d of August, 1492. The Nina was commanded by Vincente Yanez Pinzon. Nine Ladies. The name given to a so-called Druidical circle at Stanton Moor, England. It is formed of a circular mound of earth, about 36 feet in diameter, on which the upright stones are placed at irregular distances. In | Noli me tangere. [Touch me not.] the centre are the remains of a sepulchral mound. Niobe. A celebrated group of ancient sculpture, now in the gallery of the Uffizi Palace in Florence, Italy, representing Niobe mourning the death of her children slain by Apollo and Diana. It was found at Rome in 1583. "I saw nothing here so grand as the group of Niobe; if statues which are now disjointed and placed equi-distantly round a room may be so called. Niobe herself, clasped by the arm of her terrified child, is certainly a group, and, whether the head be original or not, the contrast of passion, of beauty, and even of dress, is admirable." Forsyth. "The Niobe of nations! there she stands, Childless and crownless in her voiceless Byron (on Rome). woe. "Niobe.. is true tragedy. She is bending over her youngest child, who clings to her knees; and while in an agony of maternal love she encircles with her arm the most helpless of her devoted progeny, conscious despairing inability to save is expressed in every lineament of the living marble. The powerful pathos, and the deepseated expression of agonizing grief, which speaks in her countenance and gesture, find their way at once to the heart." Eaton. "I seemed to be in the presence of a touching domestic tragedy, told in marble. The artist appeared to be swallowed up in his work. . . . The majesty of the subject seemed to brood over the chisel and guide its edge. The grief of Niobe is feminine, deep, overwhelming, and hopeless, but not fierce or struggling. This exquisite group is not very happily placed: the figures are arranged in the form of an oval, the Niobe making the central point of interest, a disposition which seems formal and unnatural." Hillard. "No wonder the strength of that woe depicted on her countenance should change her into stone. One of her sons-a beautiful, boyish form is lying on his back, just expiring, with the chill languor of death creeping over his limbs. We scem to hear the quick whistling of the arrows, and look involuntarily into the air to see the hovering figure of the avenging god." Bayard Taylor. Nivernais Ploughing. See PLOUGHING IN NIVERNAIS. These words of Christ, spoken in the garden to Mary Magdalene (John xx. 17), make the subject of many pictures by the great painters of the Middle Ages. Of these compositions it will be sufficient to name as among the more celebrated, the following. Noli me tangere. A great altarpiece by Federigo Baroccio (15281612), once very celebrated and well-known from the fine engraving by Raphael Morghen. Now in England. 66 Noli me tangere. A picture by Titian (1477-1576), representing the Magdalene as kneeling, and bending forward with one hand extended to touch the Saviour, who, drawing his linen garment round him, shrinks back from her touch-yet with the softest expression of pity." Formerly in the collection of Rogers, the poet. Now in the National Gallery, London. Noli me tangere. A picture by Rembrandt (1607-1669). In the Queen's Gallery, London. Noli me tangere. A small picture by Mariotto Albertinelli (1474-1515), the Italian painter, and long attributed to Perugino. It is in the Louvre, Paris. Nonantum Hill. An eminenceso called in colonial times- near Newton Corner, Mass. Here the Apostle Eliot preached to the Indians. 66 Nonnenwerth. An old Benedictine nunnery on an island of the same name in the Rhine. Nonsuch House. A curious building that once stood upon London Bridge. According to Timbs, it was so called because it was constructed in Holland entirely of wood, and, being brought over in pieces, was erected in this place with wooden pegs only, not a single nail being used in the whole structure. Its situation is even yet pointed out by the seventh and eighth arches of the bridge being still called the Draw Lock and the Nonsuch Lock." Nonsuch Palace. A royal mansion erected by Henry VIII. in a little place called Codintone. The palace was so named in consequence of its then unequalled beauty. It was taken down in the seventeenth century. Norfolk House. A noble house in St. James's Square, London, so called from the seventh Duke of Norfolk, who died here in 1701. George III. was born here in 1738. Norfolk Street. A London street associated with Sir Roger de Coverley, and in which William Penn formerly lived. Norman's Woc. A mass of rocks near the entrance of the harbor of Gloucester, Mass., familiar to many through Longfellow's ballad of "The Wreck of the Hesperus." It was the schooner Hesperus That sailed the wintry sea. And fast through the midnight dark and drear, Through the whistling sleet and snow, Like a sheeted ghost the vessel swept Towards the reef of Norman's Woe. Longfellow. North Star. An Arctic exploring ship employed in the expedition of Capt. Saunders in 1849, and in that of Capt. Pullen in 1852-54. Northumberland House. The city residence of the Duke of Northumberland, Strand, London. It was built by Henry Howard, the Earl of Northampton, who left it in 1614 to his nephew, Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, when it received the name of Suffolk House. It was afterwards bought by Algernon Percy, Earl of Northumberland, from whom it received its present name. This mansion, called the finest great historical house in London," commenced by a Howard, continued by a Percy, and completed by a Seymour," has been recently destroyed. "One only of the great Strand palaces has survived entire to our own time. We have all of us seen and mourned over Northumberland House, one of the noblest Jacobean buildings in England, and the most picturesque feature of London. . . . Of all the barbarous and ridiculous injuries by which London has been wantonly mutilated within the last few years, the destruction of Northumberland House has been the greatest." Hare. Notch, The. [Known also as the Crawford Notch in distinction from the Pinkham and Franconia Notches.] A grand and impres sive valley between Willey Mountain and Mount Webster in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. It contains the famous Willey House. Bayard Taylor, speaking of the view looking down upon the tremendous gulf of the Notch from the top of Mount Willard (at the head of the Notch), says, "As a simple mountain pass, seen from above, it cannot be surpassed in Switzerland. Something like it I have seen in the Taurus, otherwise I can recall no view with which to compare it." See WILLEY HOUSE. "I know nothing on the Rhine equal to the view from Mount Willard down the mountain pass called the Notch." Anthony Trollope. He hears the echoes of a horn in a hill country, in the Notch mountains, for example, which converts the mountains into an Eolian harp, and this supernatu ral tiralira restores to him the Dorian mythology, Apollo, Diana, and all divine hunters and huntresses. R. W. Emerson. Notre Dame. [Our Lady.] A name commonly applied in France to churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary. When the name is used in literature, unaccompanied by any designation of place, reference is usually intended to the metropolitan cathedral of Paris. See infra. Notre Dame. [Our Lady.] The most celebrated church in Paris. It was begun by Pope Alexander the Third, but was not completed for nearly 300 years (not until 1420). It is built in the form of a Latin cross. The exterior is more imposing than the interior. The principal entrance is ornamented by bas-reliefs illustrative of the resurrection, and the seven |