big with recollections-for it was the scene of early glory, the spot where Rome grew into greatness and fell into decay. That spot which once comprised the whole of Rome; which, till the extinction of the republic, contained the dwellings of her senators and the temples of her gods, but which, during the Empire, was found to be

too circumscribed for the wants of one individual, is now heaped with the wide-spreading ruins of that magnificent edifice, which was the abode of her tyrants, and the tomb of her liberties. Over the wide expanse of the Palatine, no human dwelling or habitation is now to be seen, except where one solitary convent shelters a few barefooted friars, and where, amid the ruined arches and buried halls of the Palace of the Cæsars, the laborers of the vineyards and cabbage-gardens that now flourish over them have made their wretched abodes." C. A. Eaton.

The Palatine, proud Rome's imperial seat, (An awful pile!) stands venerably great; Thither the kingdoms and the nations

And lodged amidst her guardian gods appears.

Claudian (Addison's Translation). Cypress and ivy, weed and wall-flower grown

Matted and mass'd together, hillocks heap'd

On what were chambers, arch crush'd, columns strewn

In fragments, choked-up vaults, and frescos steep'd

In subterranean damps, where the owl peep'd, Deeming it midnight:

Temples, baths, or halls? Pronounce who can; for all that Learning reap'd

From her research has been that these are walls.

Behold the Imperial Mount! 'Tis thus the mighty falls. Byron.

There the Capitol thou seest, Above the rest lifting his stately head On the Tarpeian rock, her citadel Impregnable; and there Mount Palatine, The imperial palace, compass huge, and

high

The structure, skill of noblest architects,
With gilded battlements conspicuous far,
Turrets, and terraces, and glittering spires.
Milton.

For most names begin-
PALAZZO, see the next

prominent word. For example, PALAZZO PITTI, see PITTI PALACE; PALAZZO DEGLI UFFIZI, see UFFIZI, etc. See also infra.

Palazzo del Podestà. See BAR

GELLO.

Palazzo della Signoria. See PALAZZO VECCHIO.

Palazzo Ducale. See DOGE'S PAL

ACE

Palazzo Rosso. See BRIGNOLE SALE PALACE.

Palazzo Vecchio (della Signoria). [The Old Palace (of the Signory).] The ancient residence of the Gonfaloniere, or superior magistracy of Florence, now used for government offices, and containing many works of art. It was erected in 1298.

"The prominent and central object is the Palazzo Vecchio, a massive and imposing structure, with enormous projecting battlements, and a lofty bell-tower stuck upon the walls in defiance of proportion, partly overhanging them, and disturbing the passers-by with a constant sense of insecurity." Hillard.

Palisades, The. A lofty columnar mass of basalt or trap-rock, nearly 500 feet in height and some 18 miles in length, extending along the right or western bank of the Hudson River in New York and New Jersey.

Pall Mall. A street in London, named from the French game of paille - maille, formerly played there. During the last century it contained many taverns, which are now replaced by club-houses. The street, at one time known as Catherine Street, was enclosed about 1690, and was a fashionable promenade. Palle-malle (from Palla, a ball, and Maglia, a mallet) is still played in old Italian cities.

We went to Wood's at the Pell Mell (our old house for clubbing), and there we spent till ten at night.

Pepys (26 July, 1660). O bear me to the paths of fair Pall Mall! Safe are thy pavements, grateful is thy smell!

At distance rolls along the gilded coach, Nor sturdy carmen on thy walks encroach; No lets would bar thy ways were chairs deny'd.

The soft supports of laziness and pride; Shops breathe perfumes, through sashes ribbons glow,

The mutual arms of ladies and the beau.
Gay.

In town let me live, then, in town let me die;

For in truth I can't relish the country, not I.

If one must have a villa in summer to dwell,

Oh! give nie the sweet shady side of Pall
Mall.
Charles Morris.

I am lodged in the street called Pall Mall, the ordinary residence of all strangers, because of its vicinity to the Queen's Palace, the Park, the Parliament House, the Theatres, and the Chocolate and Coffee-houses, where the best company frequent. Journey through England, 1714.

I indent the gayer flags of Pall Mall. It is change time, and I am strangely among the Elgin marbles. Charles Lamb.

Have society, Pall Mall clubs, and a habit of sneering, so withered up our organs of veneration that we can admire no more? Thackeray.

My little friend, so small and neat,
Whom years ago I used to meet

In Pall Mall daily;

How cheerily you tript away

10 work it might have been to play, You tript so gayly. Frederick Locker. Palladium. A celebrated statue of antiquity representing the goddess Pallas as seated, holding in one hand a spear, in the other a distaff. This statue, which was said to have fallen from heaven on the plain of Troy, was believed to have been the guardian or preserving genius of the city. Hence the modern signification of the word as a security or protection.

sions. Now in the Gallery of Bologna, Italy.

"Guido, it is said, had no time

to prepare a canvas or cartoons, and painted the whole on a piece of white silk. It was carried in grand proces sion, and solemnly dedicated by the Senate, whence it obtained the title by which it is celebrated in the history of art, 'Il Pallione del Voto.""

Mrs. Jameson. Palsgrave Head. A former noted tavern near Temple Bar, London. But now at Piccadilly they arrive, And taking coach, t'wards Temple Bar they drive,

But at St. Clement's eat out the back,
And slipping through the Palsgrave, bilkt
poor hack. Prior and Montague.
See VILLA

Pamfili-Doria, Villa.
PAMFILI-DORIA.

Pamfili Palace. [Ital. Palazzo Pamfili.] A palace built in 1650 for Innocent X., in Piazza Navona, Rome. Here lived Olimpia Maldalchini Pamfili, notorious for her ambition, vices, and political influence.

Pan. See NARCISSUS.
Panathenaic Frieze. The name

often given to the frieze of the Parthenon at Athens, now among the Elgin marbles in the British Museum, London. It is so called from the subject represented, which is the procession which took place every five years in honor of the goddess Minerva, to whom the temple was dedicated, and which was participated in by all the Athenian colonies.

"We possess in England the most precious examples of Athenian power in the sculpture of animals. The horses of the frieze, in the Elgin collection, appear to live and move, to roll their eyes, to gallop, prance, and curvet; the veins of their faces and legs seem distended with circulation; in them are distinguished the hardness and decision of bony forms from the elasticity of tendon and the softness of flesh. The beholder is charmed with the deer-like lightness and elegance of their make, and although the relief is not above an inch from the background, and they are so much smaller than nature, we can scarcely suffer reason to persuade us they are not alive."

Flaxman.

Pancras, St. See ST. PANCRAS. Pancrazio, San. See SAN PANCRAZIO.

Panshanger House. The seat of Earl Cowper, in the county of Hertford, England. It contains a fine collection of paintings. Pantheon. 1. [La Rotonda, Santa Maria di Rotonda, Santa Maria ad Martyres.] The best preserved monument of ancient Rome. It was built by Marcus Agrippa, B.C. 27, as shown by the inscription upon the frieze. In A.D. 608 it was consecrated as a Christian church by Pope Boniface IV. under the name of Sunta Maria ad Martyres. The proportions of the beautiful portico have long been regarded as faultless. The interior is a rotunda surmounted by a dome, and lighted by a circular opening 28 feet in diameter in the centre of the dome. The inside diameter of the rotunda is 142 feet. The Pantheon has been used as the burial-place of painters, Raphael, Annibale Caracci, and others being interred here beneath the pavement.

"The world has nothing else like the Pantheon. So grand it is, that the pasteboard statues over the lofty cornice do not disturb the effect, any more than the tin crowns and hearts, the dusty artificial flowers, and all manner of trumpery gewgaws hanging at the saintly shrines. The rust and dinginess that have dimmed the precious marbles on the walls; the pavement, with its great squares and rounds of porphyry and granite, cracked crosswise, and in a hundred directions, showing how roughly the troublesome ages have trampled here; the gray dome above, with its opening to the sky, as if heaven were looking down into the interior of this place of worship; . . . all these things make an impression of solemnity which St. Peter's itself fails to produce."

Hawthorne.

"Though plundered of all its brass, except the ring which was ne cessary to preserve the aperture above; though exposed to repeated fires; though sometimes flooded by the river, and always open to the rain, no monument of equal antiquity is so well preserved as this rotunda. It passed with

little alteration from the Pagan into the present worship; and so convenient were its niches for the Christian altar, that Michael Angelo, ever studious of ancient beauty, introduced their design as a model in the Catholic church." Forsyth's Italy.

"Our Pantheon [at Paris] compared with this seems mean; and when, after a half-hour's contemplation of it, you abstract its mouldiness and degradation, and divorce it from its modern dilapidated surroundings, when the imagination pictures to itself the white glittering edifice with its fresh marble, as it appeared in the time of Agrippa, when, after the establishment of universal peace, he dedicated it to all the gods, then do you figure to yourself with admiration the triumph of Augustus which this fête completed, a reconciled, submissive universe, the splendor of a perfected empire."

Tuine, Trans.

"The preservation and embellishment of the Pantheon have seemed to be dear to every mind of genius in every age. Raphael bequeathed a sum of money for its repair; so did Annibal Caracci, and many other distinguished artists; but it appears to have all gone to the Madonna and the martyrs, to priests and masses."

C. A. Eaton.

"The character of the architecture, and the sense of satisfaction which it leaves upon the mind, are proofs of the enduring charm of simplicity. This charm is the result of form and proportion, and cannot be lost except by entire destruction." Hillard.

Simple, erect, severe, austere, sublime— Shrine of all saints and temple of all gods From Jove to Jesus- spared and bless'd by time,

Looking tranquillity, while falls or nods Arch, empire, each thing round thee, and man plods

His way through thorns to ashes- glorious dome!

Shalt thou not last? Time's scythe and tyrants' rods

Shiver upon thee,-sanctuary and home Of art and piety,- Pantheon! pride of Rome!

Relic of nobler days, and noblest arts! Despoil'd yet perfect, with thy circle spreads

A holiness appealing to all hearts-
To art a model; and to him who treads
Rome for the sake of ages, Glory s! eds
Her light through thy sole aperture; to

those

Who worship, here are altars for their beads;

And they who feel for genius may repose Their eyes on honor'd forms, whose busts around them close. Byron.

Well speed thy mission, bold Iconoclast! Yet all unworthy of its trust thou art, If, with dry eye, and cold, unloving heart.

Thou tread'st the solemn Pantheon of the past,

By the great Future's dazzling hope made blind

To all the beauty, power, and truth behind. Whittier.

No, great Dome of Agrippa, thou art not Christian. Canst not,

Strip and replaster and daub and do what they will with thee, be so. Clough.

2. A church in Paris now called St. Geneviève. The corner-stone of this building was laid by Louis XV. in 1764. In 1791 the Assembly decreed that it should be used as a place of sepulture for the illustrious dead of France. Mirabeau, Voltaire, and Rousseau were interred here, and also many distinguished generals of Napoleon's army. In 1851 the temple was presented to the Roman Catholic Church. The church is in the form of a Greek cross, and is very imposing from its great size and the magnificence of its dome. It is adorned with statues and paintings of the great kings and queens, military heroes, and literary men of France. It is situated on the south of the river, upon the highest ground in Paris. It is called the largest and finest church of the Italian style in the city. It was changed into a pantheon, in 1792, inscribed "Aux Grands Hommes la Patrie reconnaissante," restored to a church in 1822, in 1831 again changed to a pantheon, and in 1853 re-converted into a church. "The object of this splendid pile for it is not a church is sufficiently explained by a series of figures in relief by David, representing, on the triangular pediment of the portico, France, a figure 15 feet high, attended by Liberty and History, surrounded by, and dispensing honor to, Voltaire, Lafayette, Fénelon, Rousseau, Mirabeau, Manuel, Carnot, David, and, of course, Napoleon, and the principal heroes of the republican and imperial Sir Francis B. Head.

armies."

"Begun as a church, in the Revolution its destination was altered, and it was to be a temple to the manes of great men; and accordingly Rous. seau, Voltaire, and many more are

buried here. Well, after the Revolu
tion, the Bourbons said it should not
be a temple for great men, it should be
a church. The next popular upset
tipped it back to the great men, and
it stayed under their jurisdiction until
Louis Napoleon, who is very pious,
restored it to the Church. . . . This
Pantheon is, as one might suppose
from its history, a hybrid between a
church and a theatre, and of course
good for neither purposeless and
aimless."
C. Beecher.

"The present superb church of St. Geneviève was the Pantheon of the Revolution. The painting of the dome, which is in the worst possible taste, represents St. Geneviève in glory, receiving the homage of Clovis, Charlemagne, St. Louis, and Louis XVIII. Au reste, the classic magnificence of the whole structure is as little in har. mony with the character of the peasant patroness, as the church of the Madefeine with that of the Syrian penitent and castaway." Mrs. Jameson.

"On arriving at the object of our ambition- the small balustrade surrounding the lantern which forms the summit of the Pantheon-there burst upon us all a magnificent panorama it would be utterly impossible to describe. The whole of Paris-every window, every chimney, were distinguishable." Sir Francis B. Head.

The church of St. Genevière is a place of greate devotion, dedicate to another of their Amazons sayd to have delivered the Citty from the English, for which she is esteemed the tutelary saint of Paris. It stands on a steepe eminence, having a very high spire, and is governed by Canons Regular.

John Evelyn, Diary, Feb. 7, 1644. Alike the better-seeing shade will smile On the rude cavern of the rocky isle, As if his ashes found their latest home In Rome's Pantheon or Gaul's mimic dome. Byron.

3. A well-known building in London, at first built for a theatre and public promenade, and opened in 1772. The Pantheon was burned in 1792, and rebuilt; afterwards taken down and reconstructed in 1812, and in 1834 turned into a bazaar.

I saw Hood once as a young man, at a dinner which seems almost as ghostly now as that masquerade at the Pantheon of which we were speaking anon.

Thackeray. Paoli, San. See SAN PAOLI FUORI LE MURA. Paoline Chapel. PAOLINA.

See CAPELLA