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mired portrait by Titian (14771576). In the Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy.

Pylades and Orestes. A picture

by Benjamin West (1738-1820). In the National Gallery, London. Pyramids, The. A general name for the sepulchral monuments of ancient Egypt, in all about 60, but specially applied to the Pyramids of Gheezeh, about 12 miles from Cairo, consisting of two large and several smaller pyramids.

"Let us now turn to the Pyramids the oldest, largest, and most mysterious of all the monuments of man's art now existing. All those in Egypt are situated on the left bank of the Nile, just beyond the cultivated ground, and on the edge of the desert, and all the principal examples within what may fairly be called the Necropolis of Memphis. Sixty or seventy of these have been discovered and explored, all of which appear to be royal sepulchres. This alone, if true, would suffice to justify us in assigning a duration of 1,000 years at least to the dynasties of the pyramid builders. . . . The three great pyramids of Gizeh are the best known and the most remarkable of all those in Egypt. Of these the first, erected by Cheops, or as he is now more correctly named, Suphis, is the largest; but the next by Chepheren, his successor, is scarcely inferior in dimensions; the third, that of Mycerinus, is very much smaller. ... All the pyramids (with one exception) face exactly north, and have their entrance on that side. The small residuum we get from all these pyramid discussions is, that they were built by the kings of the early dynasties of the old kingdom of Egypt as their tombs. The leading idea that governed their forms was that of durability. By concealment of the entrance, the difficulties of the passages, and the complicated but most ingenious arrangement of portcullises, these ancient kings hoped to be allowed to rest in undisturbed security for at least 3,000 years. Perhaps they were successful, though their tombs have been since so shamefully profaned." Fergusson.

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these mountains of masonry have been reared by petty and insignificant man who creeps at their feet-all impress the beholder, and fill at once the heart and the mind with astonishment, terror, humiliation, admiration, and respect." Volney.

The Pyramids themselves, doting with age, have forgotten the names of their founders. Thomas Fuller.

And Morning opes with haste her lids, To gaze upon the Pyramids. Emerson. Pyramid of Abooroash. A ruined pyramid about five miles distant from the Pyramids of Gheezeh in Egypt.

Pyramids of Abooseer. A group of four pyramids, a few miles distant from the Pyramids of Gheezeh, in Egypt.

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"This pyramid, of more than 100 feet in height, is entirely built of marble, but time has changed its color and defaced its polish. The gray lichen has crept over it, and wild evergreens hang from its crevices. what it has lost in splendor, it has gained in picturesque beauty; and there are few remains of antiquity within the bounds of the Eternal City, that the eye rests upon with such unwearying admiration, as this gray pyramid." Eaton.

"It is the most imperishable of the antiquities, a beautiful pyramid, 113 feet high, built into the ancient wall of Rome, as perfect after 1,800 years as if it were built but yesterday.'

N. P. Willis.

"From one part of the city, looking out beyond the walls, a squat and stunted pyramid (the burial-place of Caius Cestius) makes an opaque triangle in the moonlight. But, to an English traveller, it serves to mark the grave of Shelley too, whose ashes lie beneath a little garden near it. Nearer still, almost within its shadow, lie the bones of Keats, whose name is writ in water,' that shines brightly in the landscape of a calm Italian night."

Dickens.

"When I am inclined to be serious I love to wander up and down before the tomb of Caius Cestius. The Protestant burial-ground is there. . . . It is a quiet and sheltered nook, and the pyramid that overshadows it gives it a classic and singularly solemn air." Rogers.

Eastward hence, Nigh where the Cestian pyramid divides The mouldering wall, behold yon fabric huge. John Dyer. Within the shadow of the Pyramid Of Caius Cestius was the Daisy found, White as the soul of Keats in Paradise. T. B. Aldrich. Pyramid of Cheops. See GREAT PYRAMID.

Pyramid of Cholula. A celebrated

ruined pyramid constructed of clay and brick, at Cholula, an Indian town, near Pueblo, in Mexico. It was built by the ancient inhabitants of Mexico. It is over 1,400 feet square at the base, and 177 feet in height, and is ascended by a flight of steps, 120 in number. On the summit is a chapel erected by the Spaniards.

The fact teaches him how Belus was worshipped, and how the Pyramids were built, better than the discovery by Champollion of the names of all the workmen and the cost of every tile. He finds Assyría and the Mounds of Cholula at his door, and himself has laid the courses. Emerson.

Quadrant, The. See REGENT ST.

You will observe a town dandy getting fidgetty after his second turn in the Quadrant, while you will meet the same Frenchman there from noon till dusk, bounding his walk by those columns, as if they were the bars of a cage.

N P. Willis. Quarr Abbey. A famous monastic establishment upon the Isle of Wight, erected in the twelfth century, of which the ruins only now remain.

Quarters of the World. See FOUR QUARTERS OF THE WORLD. Quartier Latin. [Latin Quarter.] A large district in Paris, on the south of the Seine. Here the principal colleges and schools have been situated for many centuries, and here the numerous students have lived; whence this quarter derives its name.

"Though the colleges are now converted into private houses or into public schools, the Pays Latin is still inhabited by many thousand students in letters, science, law, and medicine, leading a life of gayety and freedom from restraint which is hardly to be understood by an Englishman. They and their associates, male and female, form the staple of a large portion of the well-known novels of Paul de Kock." Murray's Handbook. "The life of the young artist here is the easiest, merriest, dirtiest existence possible. He comes to Paris, probably at sixteen, from his province; his parents settle forty pounds a year on him, and pay his master; he establishes himself in the Pays Latin;

he arrives at his atelier at a tolerably early hour, and labors among a score of companions as merry and as poor as himself." Thackeray.

Quatre Fils Aymon. A ruined castle near Spa in Belgium, associated with historic and romantic traditions.

Quebec Citadel. A vast fortress, commanding situastrongest in the

world, is the principal defence of the city of Quebec, Can. It covers 40 acres.

Queen Anne's Farthing. The belief generally obtains in England that a Queen Anne's farthing is a very rare possession: indeed, it is supposed that there are but three, of which two are in the public keeping, and that one which is missing would bring a fabulous price; but the fact is, that it is no more rare than any other coinage of the mint of equal antiquity, and that the poor country people who occasionally take long journeys to London to dispose of so great a curiosity which

fallen into their hands, find that the numismatist to whom they apply is already the possessor of several.

Queen Elizabeth. See DEATH OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.

Queen Elizabeth's Pocket Pistol. The popular name of an ancient piece of brass ordnance, 24 feet in length, cast in 1514, and presented by the States General of Holland to Queen Elizabeth. It is preserved in Dover Castle.

Queen of Sheba. See EMBARKA

TION OF THE QUEEN OF SHEBA. Queen of the West. A powerful United States "ram," in the War of the Rebellion. She was sent down the Mississippi, and, running the batteries at Vicksburg, destroyed several transport vessels on the Lower Mississippi and on the Red River, but was finally lost on the latter river through the treachery of a pilot.

Queen's Arms. A tavern in St. Paul's Churchyard, London. Queen's Bench. See KING'S BENCH AND QUEEN'S BENCH.

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Bore, for its brewing, the highest renown. Queen's Prison. See KING'S BENCH AND QUEEN'S BENCH. Queen's State Coach. See CORONATION COACH.

Queen's Theatre. See PRINCE OF WALES'S THEATRE.

Queensberry House. The seat of the Duke of Buccleuch, near Richmond, England.

Quinze Vingts. A hospital for the blind, in the Faubourg St. Antoine, Paris.

Quirinal Hill. [Lat. Mons Quirinus.] One of the original seven hills of Rome, now covered with palaces and churches, among which the most noticeable is the Palace of the Pope on the Monte Cavallo, the sunimit of the hill. The modern name, Monte Cavallo, is derived from the marble groups of Castor and Pollux with their horses, discovered in the Baths of Constantine, which now stand before the obelisk in the Piazza di Monte Cavallo.

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Quirinal Palace. The papal palace on Monte Cavallo, Quirinal Hill, Rome. The present structure was begun by Gregory XIII. in 1574, and continued and enlarged by succeeding popes. The meeting of the conclave for the election of the popes takes place in the Quirinal Palace, and from the balcony opening upon the Piazza di Monte Cavallo the name of the new pope is proclaimed to the people.

"That palace-building, ruindestroying Pope, Paul III., began to erect the enormous palace on the Quirinal Hill, and the prolongation of his labors by a long series of successive pontiff's has made it one of the largest and ugliest buildings extant."

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The Quirinal here, and there the Vatican. Théodore Aubanel, Trans.

Hence we went to Monte Cavallo, here- Quoit-Thrower, The. See DISCOtofore called Mons Quirinalis, where we saw those two rare horses, the worke of the

BOLUS.

Rabenstein.

R.

[Ravenstone.] An ancient feudal castle, of late partially restored, near Streitberg, in Franconia, Germany. Raboteur, Le. [The Planer.] A picture by Annibale Caracci (1560-1609), representing Joseph 'planing a board, while Jesus, a lovely boy about six or seven years old, stands by watching the progress of the work. Mary is seated on one side plying her needle." This picture is in the collection of the Earl of Suffolk at Charlton, England.

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"The great fault of this picture is the subordinate and commonplace character given to the Virgin Mary; otherwise it is a very suggestive and dramatic subject, and one which might be usefully engraved in a cheap form for distribution." Mrs. Jameson.

Raby Castle. One of the finest and best-preserved of the ancient northern castles of England, the seat of the Duke of Cleveland. King Canute presented it with other offerings at the shrine of St. Cuthbert, but it passed out of the hands of the monks in 1131. Portions of the older building are so skilfully incorporated with the new that it seems a perfect specimen of a castle of the fourteenth century. The castle is of great size and strength, and the walls surrounding occupy about two acres of ground. The pleasuregrounds and park are of a magnificence commensurate with that of the castle itself, and command lovely prospects.

Rachel. See JACOB AND RACHEL. Rachel's Tomb. A small structure near Bethlehem is known as the "sepulchre of Rachel." Jews, Moslems, and Christians unite in affirming the authenticity of this s the buildin

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They journeyed from Bethel, and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath. . And Rachel died, and was buried on the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. Gen. xxxv. 16-19.

Radcliffe Library. An imposing library building connected with the University of Oxford, founded by Dr. John Radcliffe (d. 1714).

Radical Road. The name given to a promenade under the cliff called Salisbury Crags in Edinburgh, Scotland. The name is derived from the circumstance that the road was built in 1819 by disaffected people who were out of employment.

Rainbow, The. According to Aubrey, the Rainbow, in Fleet Street, the second coffee-house established in London, was opened about 1656. It is now a tavern, and the old coffee-room has been destroyed.

The coffee house was the Londoner's house; and those who wished to find a gentleman commonly asked, not whether he lived in Fleet Street or Chancery Lane, but whether he frequented "the Grecian" or "the Rainbow." Macaulay. Rainbow Falls. A beautiful cascade in the Adirondack region of New York, near the foot of the Ausable Ponds.

Rainbow Landscape. The name given to a celebrated picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). Now in the Bethnal Green Museum, London.

Rainy Season in the Tropics. A noted picture by Frederic Edwin Church (b. 1826), the American landscape-painter.

Raising of Lazarus. A picture by Sebastian del Piombo (1485-1547), and considered one of the most important works of the sixteenth century, executed for Giulio de' Medici, afterward Pope Leo X.

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