confined by a band of jewels. In her hand she bears a small organ, - but seems about to drop it as she looks up, listening with ecstatic expression to a group of angels, who are singing above. Scattered and broken at her feet, lie the instruments of secular music, the pipe, flute, tabor, etc. To the right of St. Cecilia stands St. Paul, leaning on his sword; behind him is St. John the Evangelist, with the eagle at his feet; to the left, in front, the Magdalene, as already described; and behind her St. Augustine. ... Sir Joshua Reynolds has given us a parody of this famous picture, in his portrait of Mrs. Billington; but, instead of the organ, he has placed a music-book in her hands, a change which showed both his taste and liis judgment, and lent to the bor rowed figure an original significance. It gave occasion also to the happy compliment paid to the singer by Haydn. What have you done?' said he to Sir Joshua you have made her listening to the angels: you should have represented the angels listening to her!"

Mrs. Jameson.

St. Cecilia. A picture by Van Eyck (1366-1426). In the museum at Berlin, Prussia.

St. Christopher. A large altarpiece by Hans Memling (d. 1495), the Flemish painter, executed for Willem Moreel, and bearing date 1484. It is in the collection of the Academy at Bruges, Belgium. St. Christopher. A picture by Hans Memling (d. 1495), the Flemish painter. Erroneously called Albert Dürer. It is now at the Duke of Devonshire's seat, Holker Hall, Lancashire. St. Christopher. A gigantesque fresco painting by Mateo Perez de Alesio (d. 1600). "The figure of the saint is 33 feet high, and his leg is three feet across the calf." In the cathedral of Seville, Spain.

St. Chrysostom. An altar-picture by Sebastian del Piombo (14851547). In the church of S. Giovanni Crisostomo, at Venice, Italy.

London, built under the supervision of Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723). Strype derives the name of St. Clement Danes from the account that when the Danish people were expelled by Alfred in 886, those who had married English women were allowed to remain here. Stow, however, tells how the body of Harold, the illegitimate son of King Canute, was exhumed from Westminster by the legitimate Hardicanute, and cast into the Thames, and how it was afterwards recovered by a fisherman, and buried upon this spot.

"We pass from the open Place where St. Clement-Danes stands, - one of the most Dutch-like spots in London, to which idea the quaint and rather ele. gant tower lends itself. To hear its chimes, not at midnight, but on some 'December evening, when the steeple is projected on a cold blue background, while you can see the shadows of the ringers in the bell-tower, is a picturesque feeling. They fling out their janglings more wildly than any peal in London: they are nearer the ground, and the hurly-burly is melodious enough. Those tones the Doctor often heard in Gough Square and Bolt Court; and inside he had his favorite seat, to this day reverently marked by a plate and inscription. Yet St. Clement's is in a precarious condition, and when the Law Courts are completed its fate will be decided." Fitzgerald.

"The church of St. Clement, in the Strand, is dedicated to this saint [St. Clement]. The device of the parish is an anchor, which the beadles and other officials wear on their buttons, etc., and which also surmounts the weathercock on the steeple. To choose the anchor-the symbol of stabilityfor a weathercock, appears strangely absurd till we know the reason. There are in England 47 churches dedicated to St. Clement." Mrs. Jameson.

That Church of St. Clement Danes, where Johnson still worshipped in the era of Voltaire, is to me a venerable place. Carlyle.

How Samuel Johnson, in the era of Voltaire, can purify and fortify his soul, and hold real communion with the Highest, "in the Church of St. Clement Danes: this too stands all unfolded in his Biography, and is among the most touching and inemorable things there. Carlyle.

Say the bells of St. Clement's.
Mother Goose.

St. Clement's Well. This holy well in the Strand, London, was much resorted to by the youth of the city in the reign of Henry II. A pump now stands on the spot.

St. Cloud. A magnificent royal residence in France, on the southern slope of a hill overlooking the Seine. The château contains several suites of rooms, which are highly ornamented with Gobelin tapestry, paintings, statues, and mosaics. Its history is closely connected with that of the French monarchs. It derives its name from Cleodald, a grandson of Clovis, who escaped assassination by concealing himself in a hermitage in the woods on the summit of the hill. The palace commands a most lovely prospect, and the adjoining park is celebrated for its beauty. St. Cloud was the favorite residence of Napoleon I. In October, 1870, the French destroyed it by shells from Mont Valérien, that it might not serve to shelter the Prussians.

They resembled those loathsome slan

ders which Goldsmith, and other abject libellers of the same class, were in the habit of publishing about Bonaparte, how he hired a grenadier to shoot Dessaix at Marengo, how he filled St. Cloud with all the pollutions of Capreæ. Macaulay.

Soft spread the southern summer night
Her veil of darksome blue;
Ten thousand stars combined to light
The terrace of St. Cloud.
The evening breezes gently sighed,
Like breath of lover true,
Bewailing the deserted pride

And wreck of sweet St. Cloud. Scott.

storms, on dark nights, St. Cuthbert used to sit on a rock in the spray and mist, and with another rock forge these beads; and after the storm the shore was found to be strewn with them.

On a rock, by Lindisfarne,
St. Cuthbert sits, and toils to frame
The sea-born beads that bear his name:
Such tales had Whitby's fishers told,
And said they might his shape behold,
And hear his anvil sound;

A deadened clang, a huge dim form,
Seen but, and heard, when gatherin

St. Denis, Abbey Church of. A religious edifice in St. Denis, France, rich in historical associations, and celebrated as the burialplace of the monarchs of France from the earliest times. It has suffered much from the revolutions and wars which have swept over France, but the restorations which it has recently undergone entitle it to rank among the most splendid Gothic edifices in the world. The present church dates from the twelfth century. According to tradition here was the burial-place of St. Denis, and here in very early times a Benedictine abbey was founded.

St. Denis du Marais. See ST. SACRÉMENT.

St. Denis, Porte. See PORTE ST. DENIS.

St. Denis, Rue. One of the ancient streets of Paris. According to tradition, St. Denis frequently passed over the old chaussée, and the street is supposed to have been so named in his memory.

"Thence we turned into the Rue St. Denis, which is one of the oldest streets in Paris, and is said to have been first marked out by the track of the saint's footsteps, where, after his martyrdom, he walked along it, with his head under his arm, in quest of a burial-place. This legend may account for any crookedness of the street; for it could not reasonably be asked of a headless man that he should walk straight." Hawthorne.

"The street which we enter, that of the Faubourg St. Denis, presents a strange contrast to the dark uniformity of a London street, where every thing, in the dingy and smoky atmosphere, looks as though it were painted in India-ink. Here, on the contrary, is a thousand times more life and color. Before you, shining in the sun, is a long glistening line of gutter, — not a very pleasing object in a city, but in a picture invaluable. On each side are houses of all dimensions and hues; some but of one story, some as high as the Tower of Babel. From these the haberdashers (and this is their favorite street) flaunt long strips of gaudy cali coes, which give a strange air of rude gayety to the street. Gay wine-shops, painted red, and smartly decorated with vines and gilded railings, are filled with workmen taking their morning's draught. That gloomy-looking prison on your right is a prison for women." Thackeray.

St. Dolough. A famous wonderworking well and pilgrim-resort in the county of Waterford, Ireland.

St. Dunstan's. Two churches in London of this name, one known as St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, the other as St. Dunstan's-in-theWest. Both the existing churches are of modern construction. The clock of the old church of St. Dunstan's-in-the-West was one of the sights of London. Above the dial were two wooden figures of savages as large as life, and each striking with a club the quarter-hours upon a bell, at the same time moving his head.

When labor and when dulness, club in hand,

Like the two figures at St. Dunstan's stand. Couper. St. Elisius. A picture by the Flemish painter, Petrus Cristus, painted (1449) for the Goldsmiths' Guildhall, Antwerp, Belgium. Now in the Oppenheim Collection at Cologne, Germany. St. Elizabeth of Hungary. piece of sculpture by Benjamin Akers, called also Paul Akers, the American sculptor (1825-1862), which has been admired and often repeated.

A

St. Elmo. A well-known hill in

Naples, Italy, on the summit of which is the celebrated Castel Sant' Elmo.

St. Elmo. [Ital. Castel Sant' Elmo.] The great fortress of Naples, Italy, built, in its present form, in the sixteenth century, by Pedro de Toledo. It was in former times a fortification of great strength, but is incapable of resisting the weapons of attack used in modern warfare.

The morrow after our arrival, in the afternoone, we hired a coach to carry us about the town. First we went to the Castle of St. Elmo, built on a very high rock, whence we had an intire prospect of the whole Citty, which lyes in the shape of a theatre upon the sea brinke, with all the circumjacent islands. This Fort is the bridle of the whole Citty, and was well stor'd and garrisoned with native Spanyards. John Evelyn, 1644.

Naples, thou white sun-lit city! The swarms of beings with song and shout flow like streaming lava through thy streets; we hear the sounds; town after town winds like a serpent about the bay; Naples is this serpent's head, and St. Elmo the crown it bears.

Hans Christian Andersen.

St. Erasmus. See MARTYRDOM OF ST. ERASMUS.

St. Etienne. A monastic church in Caen, France, founded by William the Conqueror, and It dedicated by him in 1077. contains the grave of the king, which has been several times despoiled. [Called also Abbaye aux Hommes.]

St. Etienne du Mont. [St. Stephen of the Mount.] A noted church in Paris, France, situated in the square of the name, near the Pantheon. The present building was begun in 1517, and completed in 1626. The style is a union of Gothic and Renaissance. This church is celebrated for its choir, pulpit, and the grave of St. Genoveva.

I wandered through the haunts of men,
From Boulevard to Quai,
Till frowning o'er St. Etienne,

The Pantheon's shadow lay.

Holmes.

I used very often, when coming home from my morning's work at one of the public institutions of Paris, to step in at the dear old church of St. Etienne du Mont. Holmes.

St. Eustache. A noted church in Paris, France, in the Rue Trainée. It is second only in size to Notre Dame, and belongs to one of the richest parishes in the city. The building was begun in 1532, and finished in 1641. The style is Gothic in the general arrangement, but Renaissance in the details. A façade was added on the western side in 1752.

St. Francis. A large altar-picture painted about 1514 for the Franciscan convent at Carpi by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (1494-1534), representing the Madonna enthroned with St. Francis and St. Anthony of Padua on the left, and on the right St. John the Baptist and St. Catherine. In the Dresden Gallery. St. Francis. See COMMUNION OF ST. FRANCIS, DEATH OF ST. FRANCIS, ECSTASY OF ST. FRANCIS, MIRACLE OF ROSES OF ST. FRANCIS.

St. Francis receiving the Stigmata. A small picture by Jan van Eyck (1370-1441). Now in the possession of Lord Heytesbury.

St. Francis wedded to Poverty. A fresco painting by Giotto di Bondone (1276-1336), the early Italian painter. In the lower church of S. Francesco, Assisi, Italy.

St. Felicitas. See MARTYRDOM OF SANTA FELICITÀ.

St. Geneviève. See PANTHEON (2). St. George. 1. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing the saint attacking the dragon with his sword, having already pierced him with a lance. This picture has suffered somewhat from injuries. It is now in the Louvre, Paris.

"As for St. George and the Dragon from the St. George of the Louvre, Raphael's, who sits his horse with the elegant tranquillity of one assured of celestial aid, down to him who swings on a sign-post at mine hostess's door'- he is our familiar acquaintance." Mrs. Jameson.

2. There is another St. George by Raphael, in which the dragon 'is killed by the spear alone. It was executed for the Duke of Urbino, and intended by him as a present for Henry VII. of England. It is considered one of the most finished works of Raphael. Now in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg.

St. George. A picture by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (1494-1534), representing the Madonna enthroned, with St. George and other saints at the sides. This picture is noteworthy, like the St. Jerome (q. v.), on account of the bright daylight diffused through it. In the Dresden Gallery.

St. George's. A London church, situated in Hanover Square, famous for the number of aristocratic weddings which have taken place in it. It is stated that upwards of a thousand marriages have been solemnized here within a single year.

St. George's Fields. A district between Lambeth and Southwark in London, formerly occupied for political meetings and low amuse

ments.

St. George's Hall. A noted building in Liverpool, England, of the Corinthian order, and including a large concert-room.

St. George's Hospital. At Hyde Park Corner, London. It was originated in 1733, and was rebuilt in 1831. This hospital, built on the site of Lanesborough House, is supported by voluntary contributions as a hospital for sick and lame persons.

St. Germain des Prés. One of the oldest churches in Paris. King Childebert, A.D. 550, founded the abbey to which this church was joined. St. Germanus is said to have advised Childebert to found this abbey in the meadows (prés) along the left bank of the Seine, whence the name. Only the church and part of the abbot's house remain of this celebrated

establishment, the church being the only building of size in the Romanesque style now standing in Paris. Only a few fragments remain of the original edifice of Childebert, in fact, nothing earlier than the first of the twelfth century. Externally the church is plain and simple, but it has been decorated in a style not in sympathy with the original architec

ture.

"Most of the Merovingian mon. archs of France in the sixth and seventh centuries were buried in the church of St. Germain; but their tombs were rifled at the Revolution, and a few only of their monuments are now preserved in the church of St. Denis.""

Murray's Handbook. St. Germain l'Auxerrois. This church, situated in the place of the same name, opposite the eastern façade of the Louvre, in Paris, was commenced in the fourteenth century. It is remarkable for the beauty of its architecture, its richly painted windows, and the magnificence of its decorations. It was the bell of this church that tolled the signal for the commencement of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, Aug. 24, 1572. Members of the royal family were generally baptized in this church. It has undergone numerous additions and restorations.

St. Gervais. A fine Gothic church in Paris, finished in 1820. A classical façade was added to the original structure in 1616. In the windows of this church is what is still the finest glass in Paris, by Cousin and Pinaigrier. Scarron, the husband of Madame de Maintenon, Crébillon, and other celebrities of the seventeenth century, were buried here.

St. Giles's. A celebrated locality in London, once the resort of the most degraded and abandoned portion of the populace. It has undergone great changes within a few years; churches, schools, and reformatory institutions of every class having been erected.

"St. Giles has been especially venerated in England and Scotland. In

"It is noteworthy that places dedicated to this saint, abbot and mar. tyr,' were almost always outside some great town. This was because St. Giles (St. Egidius) was the patron saint of lepers, and where a place was called by his name a lazar-house always existed." Hare.

"The Puritans made stout efforts to reform its morals; and, as the parish books attest, oppressed tipplers' were fined for drinking on the Lord's day, and vintners for permitting them; fines were levied for swearing oaths, travelling and brewing on a fastday, etc. Again, St. Giles's was a refuge for the persecuted tipplers and ragamuffins of London and Westminster in those days; and its blackguardism was increased by harsh treatment. It next became the abode of knots of disaffected foreigners, chiefly Frenchmen, of whom a club was held in Seven Dials. Smollett speaks, in 1740, of 'two tatterdemalions from the purlieus of St. Giles's, and between them both there was but one shirt and a pair of breeches.' Hogarth painted his moralities from St. Giles's. Here were often scenes of bloody fray, riot, and chance-medley; for in this wretched district were grouped herds of men but little removed from savagery."

Timbs.

A friend of mine who was sitting unmoved at one of the sentimental pieces was asked how he could be so indifferent. "Why, truly," says he, "as the hero is but a tradesman, it is indifferent to me whether he be turned out of his countinghouse on Fish-street hill, since he will still have enough left to open shop in St. Giles's." Goldsmith.

Be all the bruisers cull'd from all St. Giles',

That art and nature may compare their styles;

While brawny brutes in stupid wonder

stare,

And marvel at his lordship's " stone shop" there. Byron.

St. Giles's. 1. One of the oldest and most venerable churches in London (Cripplegate). Here Milton was buried, and Oliver Cromwell was married. The church was built in 1545. Its bells are celebrated.

Brickbats and tiles,
Say the bells of St. Giles'.
Mother Goose.