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betrayal of the Saviour (Matt. xxvii.), is on the side of the hill opposite the Pool of Siloam, near Jerusalem. There is here a long vaulted structure, of heavy masonry, in front of a precipice of rock. The interior is dug out to a depth of perhaps 20 feet, forming a huge charnel-house into which the bodies of the dead were thrown. It is traditionally

of the time of Jerome. The soil was thought to consume the bodies within twenty-four hours. The place is no longer used for burial.

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Achilles. A noted colossal statue in the corner of Hyde Park, London, nearly opposite Apsley House. It was cast from cannon taken at Salamanca and Vittoria. Achilles, The. An armor-plated ship of the British navy, launched Dec. 24, 1863.

Achilles and Briseis. A celebrat

ed picture painted in distemper, found at Pompeii, Italy, of which there is a well-known engraving. Now in the Museum at Naples. Acrocorinthus. A hill nearly 1,900 feet in height, near Corinth, Greece, which for 3,000 years has served as the citadel of that place. Hieron writes of the Corinth of ancient times, "There was hardly a stronger fortress in all Greece, and perhaps no spot afforded a more splendid view than the Acrocorinthus. Beneath it might be seen the busy city and its territory, with its temples, its theatres, and its aqueducts; its two harbors, Lechæum on the western bay, Cenchreæ on the eastern, filled with ships, and the two bays themselves, with the isthmus between them, all in sight."

Stranger, wilt thou follow now,
And sit with me on Acro-Corinth's brow?

I stood upon that great Acropolis, The turret-gate of Nature's citadel,

Byron.

Where once again, from slavery's thick abyss

Strangely delivered, Grecian warriors dwell. Lord Houghton

Acropolis. [The upper or higher city.] 1. The ancient citadel of Athens, Greece, said to have been built by the mythical Cecrops. It was at the same time the fortress, sanctuary, and museum of the city. Here are the remains, in a ruined state, of three temples, the Temple of Victory, the Parthenon, and the Erectheum. Fragments of the Propylæa are still standing.

"Imagine a rocky height, rising precipitously from the plain, so as to be inaccessible on all sides but the west, where it is approached by a gentle slope; give it an elevation of 350 feet above the vale of Athens, and 569 above the sea, a length of about 950 feet from east to west, and a breadth of 430 from north to south. This is the Acropolis." T. Chase.

"From the gates of its Acropolis, as from a mother-city, issued intellectual colonies into every region of the world. These buildings now before us, ruined as they are at present, have served for 2,000 years as models for the most admired fabrics in every civilized country of the world."

C. Wordsworth.

Or could the bones of all the slain,
Who perished there, be piled again,
That rival pyramid would rise
More mountain-like, through those clear
skies,

Than yon tower-capped Acropolis,
Which seems the very clouds to kiss.

Byron.

He said to the young lady, however, that the State House was the Parthenon of our Acropolis, which seemed to please her, for she smiled, and he reddened a little, so I thought. Holmes.

2. [Of Argos.] A conical hill in Greece, nearly 1,000 feet in height. It was called Larissa in ancient times. A ruined castle on the summit preserves some fragments of the noted Acropolis of Argɔs.

3. [Of Corinth.] See ACRO

CORINTHUS.

Acteon. See DIANA AND ACTEON. Adam and Eve. An engraving by Albert Dürer (1471-1528). In the gallery of Vienna, Austria. There is also a painting on the same subject by the same artist

in the Madrid gallery. Still another example, of great beauty, is in the Pitti Palace in Florence. An early copy or replica, which has sometimes passed for an original, is in the gallery of May

ence.

Adam and Eve. Celebrated frescoes by Michael Angelo Buonarotti (1475-1564), representing the creation of Adam and Eve. In the Sistine Chapel, Rome. Adam and Eve. A picture by Jacopo Palma, called Palma Vecchio (1480-1528), which has been attributed to Giorgione. It is in the Brunswick gallery.

Adam and Eve. A fresco in the Loggie of the Vatican, Rome, executed Romano by Giulio (1492-1546), after a design by Raphael.

Adam and Eve. A picture by Jacopo Robusti, called Tintoretto (1512-1594). In the Academy at Venice, Italy.

Adam and Eve. See FALL OF ADAM AND EVE.

Adams, Fort. See FoORT ADAMS. Adelphi, The. The name given

to a series of streets on the south side of the Strand, London. See ADELPHI TERRACE.

He [Martin Chuzzlewit] found himself, about an hour before dawn, in the humbler regions of the Adelphi; and, addressing himself to a man in a fur cap, who was taking down the shutters of an ob scure public-house, inquired if he could have a bed there. Dickens.

Adelphi Terrace. This terrace in London occupies part of what was formerly the site of Durham House and its gardens, and is so called from the Greek ἀδελφοί (brothers) in commemoration of its founders, John, Robert, James, and William Adam (1768). It is approached by four streets, known as John, Robert, James, and William streets, after the Christian names of the brothers. David Garrick and Topham Beauclerk died in the terrace.

"There is always, to this day, a sudden pause in that place to the roar of the great thoroughfare. The many Bounds become so deadened that the

change is like putting cotton in the ears, or having the head thickly muffled." Dickens.

Adelphi Theatre. A well-known place of dramatic entertainment in the Strand, London, first opened in 1806, rebuilt and enlarged in 1858.

Bless me! when I was a lad, the stage was covered with angels who sang, acted, and danced. When I remember the Adelphi, and the actresses there! Thackeray. Adelsberg Grotto. See GROTTO OF ADELSBERG. Adersbach Rocks. A remarkable natural curiosity, perhaps unequalled in its kind in Europe, near the village of the same name in Bohemia. It consists of masses of sandstone extending over a tract five or six miles in length by three in breadth, and divided by all manner of openings and clefts. "You walk, as it were, in a narrow street, with immense smooth walls on each side of you, opening here and there into squares, whence is obtained a view of the countless number of giant rocks which surround you on all sides." Such is the intricacy of the passages, that the region is a perfect labyrinth, from which extrication is very difficult, unless one is attended by a guide. Admiralty, The. The building in which is conducted the business of the Admiralty, in Whitehall, London. It occupies the site of Wallingford House. The street front was built about 1726 by Thomas Ripley, and the stone screen towards the street was designed in 1776 by the brothers Adam.

See under Ripley rise a new Whitehall,
While Jones' and Boyle's united labors
fall.
Pope.

Admiralty Pier. A magnificent breakwater of granite at Dover, England, one of the greatest works of the kind in the world. It extends nearly half a mile into the sea. The work was begun in 1844, and is not yet finished. Admiralty Square. A famous square in St. Petersburg, Russia, around which are grouped the

most important buildings and monuments of the city. It is about one mile in length by a quarter of a mile in breadth. Adonis. An admired statue by Thorwaldsen (1770-1844). In the Glyptothek at Munich, Bavaria. Adoration of the Kings. See ADORATION of the MAGI. Adoration of the Lamb. A remarkable altar-piece begun by Hubert van Eyck (1366-1426), the Flemish painter, but left unfinished by him. It was painted for Jodocus Vydts, burgomaster of Ghent, and his wife Elizabeth, for their mortuary chapel in the Cathedral of St. Bavon at Ghent, Belgium. It consisted of two rows of separate panels, the subject of the upper picture being the Triune God with the Holy Virgin and the Baptist at his side, and the lower central picture showing the Lamb of the Revelation, "whose blood flows into a cup; over it is the dove of the Holy Spirit; angels who hold the instruments of the Passion worship the Lamb, and four groups, each consisting of many persons, advance from the sides. . . . In the foreground is the fountain of life; in the distance the towers of the heavenly Jerusalem." This work no longer exists as a whole, the separate parts having been dispersed, and some of them lost. The centre pictures and two of the panels are still at Ghent, while others of the pictures are among the chief attractions of the Museum of Berlin. After the death of Hubert van Eyck, the pictures which were unfinished were completed by his younger brother Jan van Eyck. An excellent copy of this altarpiece was made, about a century after its completion, for Philip II. of Spain; but the panels of this work, like those of the original, have been dispersed, some being in the Berlin Museum, others being in the possession of the King of Bavaria, and others still at the Hague. There is also a copy in the Antwerp Museum.

...

"This [Van Eyck's Adoration of the Lamb] may be considered as in some respects the highest exposi tion of all representations of this class, however marked by the then growing corruptions and inconsistencies of religious art. The merit of this picture, which is exquisite in execution and expression, is the earnest reality of certain portions: its fault is the incongruous symbolism and convention of others." Lady Eastlake.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). [Ital. L'Adorazione de' Magi, L'Epifania; Ger. Die Anbetung der Weisen aus dem Morgenland, Die heilige drei Königen; Fr. L'Adoration des Rois Mages.] A very common subject of representation by the great mediæval painters, who portrayed the visit of the three wise men from the East to Bethlehem, with their gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh, according to the account in Matt. ii. 1-12.

"In the first place, who were these Magi, or these kings as they are sometimes styled? To suppose,' says the antique legend, that they were called Magi because they were addicted to magic, or exercised unholy or forbidden acts, would be, heaven save us! a rank heresy.' No! Magi, in the Persian tongue, signifies wise men.' They were in their own country kings or princes, as it is averred by all the ancient fathers. . . . In the legends of the fourteenth century, the kings had become distinct personages, under the names of Caspar (or Jasper), Melchior, and Balthasar." Mrs. Jameson.

Of numerous compositions on this subject, the following may be named as among the more noted.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A picture by Gentile da Fabriano (1370-1450?). In the Academy at Florence, Italy.

"The first real picture in the series is the Adoration of the Magi by Gentile da Fabriano, a really splendid work in all senses, with noble and beautiful figures in it." Hawthorne.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A remarkable altar-picture by Jan van Eyck (1390-1440). In the gallery of Munich, Bavaria.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings).

An altar-piece, with wings, by Stephan Lochner, called Meister Stephan (d. 1451), a German painter, and regarded as his principal work. It was originally painted for a chapel of the Hôtel de Ville, but has been for many years in a chapel of the choir of Cologne Cathedral.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A picture by Giovanni da Fiesole, called Fra Angelico (1387-1455). In the Museum of St Mark, Florence, Italy.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). 1. A celebrated picture by Roger van der Weyden (d. 1464), the Flemish painter, and one of the largest and finest works of that master. The Annunciation and the Presentation in the Temple are represented in the wings of the picture. It is said to have been painted for the church of St. Columba in Cologne, and was afterwards in the Boisserée collection, but is now in the gallery of Munich, Bavaria.

2. A picture by the Flemish painter, Roger van der Weyden (d. 1464). For centuries it adorned the altar of a church at Middelburg, but has been transferred to the Museum of Berlin, Prussia.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). The travelling altar-piece of Charles V., with wings representing the Nativity and the Presentation in the Temple. It was executed by Hans Memling (d. 1495), the Flemish painter, and is now in Madrid, Spain. There is a smaller altar-piece by this painter, bearing the title of the 'Adoration,' now in St. John's Hospital at Bruges, Belgium.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A picture by Domenico Ghirlandajo (1449-1498?). In Florence, Italy.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A noted picture by Pietro Perugino (1446-1524), and one of his best works. In the church of S. Francesco del Monte, at Perugia, Italy.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). An admired picture by Francesco

Francia (1450-1518), in which the landscape is very beautiful. In the gallery at Dresden. There is an excellent engraving of this fine picture.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A large altar-piece by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). It has been much injured by dampness. It was formerly in the possession of the Ancajini family at Spoleto, Italy, but is now in the Museum of Berlin, Prussia.

"In a composition upon the same subject by Raphael, in the Vatican, the worshippers wear the classical, not the oriental costume; but an elephant with a monkey on his back is seen in the distance, which at once reminds us of the far East."

Mrs. Jameson.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). Now at Copenhagen, Denmark.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A picture by Albert Dürer (14711528), the German painter, originally executed for the Elector of Saxony, and now in the Tribune of the Uffizi, at Florence, Italy.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). An admired picture by Paolo Cagliari, called Paul Veronese (1528-1588). In the gallery at Dresden, Saxony.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A picture by Jan (or Jannyn) Gossart (d. 1532), a Flemish painter, and considered to be his principal work. It is now at Castle Howard, the seat of the Earl of Carlisle, England.

Adoration of the Magi (Kings). A picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), one of fifteen by him upon this subject, and the finest of all. Now in the gallery at Madrid, Spain.

Adoration of the Shepherds. A common subject of representation by the religious painters of the Middle Ages. Of compositions upon this subject, those mentioned below are among the better known.

Adoration of the Shepherds. A picture by Albert Altdorfer (d. 1538), a German painter. In the

1

collection of the Historical Society at Regensburg, Bavaria.

Adoration of the Shepherds. A picture by Alessandro Bonvicino, called Il Moretto di Brescia (1500-1547). In the Museum of Berlin, Prussia.

Adoration of the Shepherds. A picture by Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velasquez (1599-1660), the Spanish painter. Now in the Louvre, Paris.

Adoration of the Shepherds. A well-known picture by Anton Rafael Mengs (1728-1779). It was brought to the United States by Joseph Bonaparte, and is now in the Corcoran Gallery, Washing

ton.

John Franklin.' The Advance was beset with ice, and abandoned in higher latitude than any vessel had ever before reached. Adventure, The. The ship in which the notorious pirate Capt. William Kidd (—1701) cruised. Egina Marbles. A collection of casts from groups of figures on the Temple of Jupiter in the island of Egina, now preserved in the British Museum, London. The originals are now in Munich, Bavaria. They have been skilfully restored by Thorwaldsen, and arranged as far as possible in the order in which they originally stood.

be
"These sculptures may
classed among the most valuable re-
mains of ancient art that have reached
us."
"
R. Westmacott.

Eneas, Shipwreck of. See SHIP-
WRECK OF ENEAS.

Adoration of the Shepherds. See NOTTE, LA. Adoration of the Trinity. A celebrated picture by Albert Dürer (1471-1528), the German painter and engraver, regarded as one of his masterpieces. It was paint-schines. A famous statue dised for the chapel of the Landauer Brüderhaus in Nuremberg, was afterwards removed to Prague, and is now in the Belvedere at Vienna, Austria.

Adorno Palace. [Palazzo Adorno.] A noted palace in Genoa, Italy. Adrian VI. 1. A portrait of this pope by Sebastian del Piombo (1485-1547), the "realization," according to Sir C. L. Eastlake, "of what is usually attributed to Michael Angelo." It has been wrongly named Alexander VI. Now in the Museum of Naples, Italy.

2. There is another picture of this pope by Sebastian (often miscalled Amerigo Vespucci) in the collection of the late Lord Taunton.

Adrian's Mole. See ST. ANGELO.
Adrian's Wall. See HADRIAN'S
WALL.

Adullam, Cave of. See Cave of
ADULLAM.

Advance, The. A noted vessel
in which Elisha Kent Kane (1820-
1857) set sail from New York, in
May, 1853, on a voyage of Arctic
discovery, and in search of Sir

covered at Herculaneum, aud
now in the Museum at Naples,
Italy. By some it is considered
to be a statue of Aristides.
Age of Innocence. A picture by
Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792).
Now in the National Gallery,
London.

Ages. See THREE AGES.
Agger of Servius Tullius.

A

celebrated rampart of ancient.
Rome, a few remains of which
still exist in the rear of the Baths
of Diocletian.

Agincourt, The. An armor-plat-
ed ship of the British navy,
launched March 27, 1865.
Agnes, St. See ST. AGNES.
Agora, The. [The Market-place
or Forum.] The public place of
Athens, Greece, situated in a val-
ley partially enclosed by the hills
known as the Acropolis, Areopa-
gus, Pnyx, and Museum. It is
an elliptical area about one-third
of a mile in length. The Gate of
the so-called New Agora, also
known as Hadrian's Arch, is of
comparatively recent date.

4"All the buildings connected with the civil processes employed in

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