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Straw Hat. See CHAPEAU DE Street Scene in Cairo.

PAILLE.

Straw Street. [Fr. Rue du Fouarre.] A famous old street in Paris, originally called Rue de l'Ecole, the University having been founded there. Fouarre is the old French for foin, and it was formerly a hay and straw market. Rabelais speaks of it as the place where Pantagruel first disputed with the learned doctors, and Petrarch frequently refers to it in his Latin writings, and always with a sneer.

It is the light eternal of Sigier,
Who, reading lectures in the Street of
Straw,

Did syllogize invidious verities.

Dante, Paradiso.

"A common idealist would have been rather alarmed at the thought of introducing the name of a street in Paris - Straw Street (Rue du Fouarre) -into the midst of a description of the highest heavens. . . . What did it matter to Dante, up in heaven there, whether the mob below thought him vulgar or not? Sigier had read in Straw Street. That was the fact, and he had to say so, and there is an end." Ruskin.

Strawberry Girl. A picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792). It is familiar through reproductions.

"A sweet and innocent little maiden creeping timidly along, and looking about with great black eyes. Sir Joshua always held that this was one of the half-dozen original things

which he had done."

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A picture by Jean Léon Gerôme (b. 1824).

"It is a precious example of delicate and elaborate workmanship; its careful drawing will be enjoyed by all lovers of form, who will also like its profoundly-studied modelling, and the faithfulness which is everywhere observed in the rendering of textures Athenæum. of light and shade." Strozzi Chapel. A chapel in the church of Santa Maria Novella, in Florence, Italy.

I met with this legend again in the famous Strozzi Chapel in the S. Maria Novella at Florence. The great frescos of the Last Judgment, so often pointed out as worthy of especial attention, generally engross the mind of the spectator to the exclusion of minor objects; few, therefore, have examined the curious and beautiful old altar-piece, also by Orcagna (A.D. 1349). Mrs. Jameson. Strozzi Maddalena. A wellknown portrait by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). In the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy.

Strozzi Palace. [Ital. Palazzo Strozzi.] A splendid palace in Florence, Italy, erected towards the close of the fifteenth century after designs by Cronaca (14541509).

"Taking into account the age when it was built, and the necessity of security combined with purposes of state to which it was to be applied, it will be difficult to find a more faultless design in any city of modern Europe." Fergusson.

Stuarts, Tombs of the.

See

TOMBS OF THE STUARTS. Studley Royal. The seat of Earl de Grey, near Ripon, England. Styx, The. A torrent in the Aroanian mountains, in the northeast part of Arcadia, Greece, and emptying into the Crathis. The waterfall of the Styx, well described by Homer and Hesiod, is by far the highest in Greece. From the wildness and gloom of the spot the Styx was early regarded with superstitious reverence and terror. The Greek and Roman poets transferred the Styx to the nether world, of which it is the principal river. According to Herodotus, the Styx

has its source near to the Arcadian town of Nonacris.

Styx, The. A well-known subterranean river in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky; named after the river of hell in ancient Greek and Roman mythology. Subeibeh. See BÂNIAS.

Sublime Porte. [The High Gate.] The gate of the imperial palace at Constantinople, at which justice was administered. Hence applied as a designation of the Turkish government, or the court of the sultan.

Suburra, The. A quarter in ancient Rome, upon the Esquiline Hill, largely occupied by the poorer classes.

Hence we walked to the Suburra, where yet remain some ruines and inscriptions. John Evelyn, 1644.

Sudarium. [Ital. Il Sudario; Fr. Le Saint Suaire.] The napkin, , or, as some say, the veil, which, according to the ancient legend, was used to wipe away the drops of sweat from the brow of the Saviour while bearing his cross on his way to Calvary, and upon which his features were miraculously impressed. See VERONICA.

Το

During the interval between the closing of the ancient and the opening of the modern age, the faith of Christians had attached itself to symbols and material objects little better than fetishes. such concrete actualities the worshippers referred their sense of the invisible divinity. The earth of Jerusalem, the Holy Sepulchre, the House of Loreto, the Su darium of St. Veronica, aroused their deepest sentiments of aweful adoration.

J. A. Symonds. Suffolk House. See NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE.

Sukhrah. See MOSQUE OF OMAR. Suleimaine Mosque. A superb Mohammedan temple in ConIt stantinople, Turkey. erected by Solyman the Magnificent, between 1550 and 1555.

was

"Externally the mosque suffers, like all the buildings of the capital, from the badness of the materials with which it was constructed. Its walls are covered with stucco, its dome with lead; and all the sloping abutments of

the dome have to be protected by a metal covering. This, no doubt, detracts from the effect; but still the whole is so massive-every window, every dome, every projection, is so truthful, and tells so exactly the pur pose for which it was placed where we find it, that the general result is most satisfactory." Fergusson.

Suli Castle. A castle standing on an isolated rock 1,000 feet below the summit of the Suliot ridge, in Greece.

Sulpice, St.

See ST. SULPICE and PLACE ST. SULPICE. Sumter, The. A noted Confederate privateer, in the War of the Rebellion, under a commission from Jefferson Davis, in the spring of 1861. Her career was brief but very destructive. She ran the blockade at the mouth of the Mississippi, cruised among the West Indies, captured many merchant vessels, and was the terror of the American mercantile marine, being everywhere welcomed in British ports, but was finally driven into the port of Gibraltar, where, in 1862, she was sold.

Sumter, Fort. See FORT SUMTER. Sundwich Höhle. [Sundwich

Cave.] A cavern in Westphalia, near Hemar, interesting in a geological regard on account of the fossil remains discovered in it.

Sunium. See TEMPLE OF SUNIUM. Sunrise in a Mist. A well-known picture by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851), the English landscape-painter, and regarded one of his best works. Now in the National Gallery, London.

Sunny Side. An ancient mansion on the Hudson River, near Irvington, N.Y., the former home of Washington Irving. The front of the building is covered with ivy from a slip brought from Abbotsford by Irving, who received it from Sir Walter Scott. This old mansion, which was erected in the seventeenth century, was formerly known as

Wolfert's Roost. Irving says that | Wolfert inscribed over the door his favorite Dutch motto, "Lust in Rust" (pleasure in quiet), and that the mansion was "thence called Wolfert's Rust (Wolfert's Rest), but by the uneducated, who did not understand Dutch, Wolfert's Roost."

Reader! the Roost still exists. Time, which changes all things, is slow in its operations on a Dutchman's dwelling. The stout Jacob Van Tassel, it is true, sleeps with his fathers; and his great goose-gun with him; yet his stronghold still bears the impress of its Dutch origin. Irving. Suonatore, Il. See VIOLIN PLAY

ER.

Superga, La. A well-known and celebrated church, situated on an eminence near Turin, Italy. It has been the place of interment for the royal family of Sardinia. Supper at Emmaus. A famous picture by Titian (1477-1576), originally painted for the Sala de' Pregadi, in the Ducal Palace, Venice. Now in the Gallery of the Louvre, Paris.

"The disciple on the right of the Saviour, raising his hand with no more vehemence of surprise than might become the greatest monarch of his time, is supposed to be the portrait of the Emperor Charles V.; the disciple on the left with round shaven face and a pilgrim's hat, that of Cardinal Ximenes; while the page, with plumed cap, is meant for the Infant, afterwards Philip II." Lady Eastlake. Supper at Emmaus. A wellknown and interesting picture by Paul Veronese (1530?-1588), in which "the painter has introduced a large family, supposed to be his own, with an exquisite group of two girls in the centre, caressing a large dog." This picture is in the Louvre, Paris. Supper, The Last. See LAST SUP

PER.

Surgeons, College of. See COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. Surrender of Breda. A painting by Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velasquez (1599-1660), and regarded one of the first historical pictures in the world. In the Gallery at Madrid, Spain.

Surrender of Burgoyne. A large picture by John Trumbull (1756– 1843), executed under commission from Congress for the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. It is well known by engravings. Surrender of Cornwallis. A large picture by John Trumbull (1756– 1843), executed under commission from Congress for the Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. It is well known by engravings. Surrey Chapel. A noted place of worship in London, opened as a free and independent church by the Rev. Rowland Hill in 1783.

Since you departed, we have been passing with a kind of comprehensive skip and jump over remaining engagements. And first, the evening after you left, came off the presentation of the inkstand by the ladies of Surrey Chapel.

Mrs. H. B. Stowe.

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Sutro Tunnel. A famous tunnel driven through Mount Davidson in Nevada, for the purpose of intercepting the Great Comstock Lode, at a depth of 2,000 feet. The tunnel is almost four miles long, and is said to have cost $5,000,000. It was named after See its projector, Mr. Sutro. COMSTOCK LODE.

Swamp Angel. A huge piece of ordnance used in the attack by the Union forces upon Fort Wagner, one of the defences of Charleston, S.C., in the War of the Rebellion. It was so named

from the fact that it was mounted upon a rampart which had been erected upon piles driven into the deep mud of the swampy land surrounding the fortification.

Swan Theatre. One of the chief London theatres in the age of Shakespeare.

Swedes' Church. See OLD SWEDES' CHURCH.

Sweetheart Abbey. See NEW АВВЕТ.

Sweno's Stone. A curious monument of antiquity near Forres, in

Scotland, supposed to have been erected by Malcolm II. or Macbeth, in memory of the expulsion of the Danes. It is a pillar of sandstone, 23 feet high, covered with figures.

"These figures are arranged closely in five divisions, forming, as it were, so many passages of the story." Muir. Symonds Inn. Formerly one of the inns of Chancery in London.

"A little, pale, wall-eyed, woebegone inn like a large dust-bin of two compartments and a sifter." Dickens. Synodalni Dom. See HOLY SYNOD, HOUSE OF THE.

T.

Tabard, The. An ancient inn formerly situated in Southwark, London, the traditional "hostelry where Chaucer and the other pilgrims met, and, with their host, accorded about the manner of their journey to Canterbury." The buildings of Chaucer's time have disappeared, but were standing in 1602; the oldest now remaining is of the age of Elizabeth, and the most interesting portion is a stone-colored wooden gallery, in front of which is a picture of the Canterbury pilgrimage, said to have been painted by Blake. Instead of the ancient sign of the Tabard, the ignorant landlord (says Aubrey) put up about the year 1676, the sign of Talbot, which it now bears.

Befell that in that season, on a day
At Southwark at the Tabard as I lay,
Readie to wander on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury with devout courage,
At night was come into that hostelrie
Well nine and twenty in a companie
Of sundrie folke, by adventure y fall
In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all,
That toward Canterbury woulden ride.

Chaucer.

The name of Chaucer is not more identified with the Tabard Inn at Southwark, nor Scott's with the Trosachs and Loch Katrine.... than that of Byron with the Ducal Palace. Hillard.

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Tabernacle, The. A frequent designation for the chapels or places of worship of some of the religious sects. The original building which has given its name to succeeding structures of the kind was built in Moorfields, London, in 1752, and was called in allusion to the tabernacle of the Israelites in the Wilderness. Whitefield and Wesley both preached in this building. The building known as the Metropolitan Tabernacle, in London, was built for Mr. Spurgeon in 1861, and is capable of seating 6,500 persons.

Tabernacle, The. An immense

wooden building in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, the chief religious edifice or temple of Mormon worship. Though built of wood it has 46 sandstone pillars upon which rests its huge domeshaped roof. The building is oval in form, and will accommodate nearly or quite 10,000 persons. It is said to be the largest building in America with a "selfsupporting roof."

Table Rock. A mass of rock at Niagara Falls, from which the finest front view of the entire falls is obtained. Formerly this rock overhung the water to a large extent, but in 1850 a huge piece of the ledge, some 200 feet in length and 100 feet in thickness broke off and fell into the chasm, carrying with it an omnibus which happened to be standing upon it. At present but little of the rock projects over the water.

"You may stand by the water just where it falls off, and if your head does not swim you may proceed to the brink of Table Rock, and look down into the gulf beneath. This is all froth and foam and spray; as you stand here it looks as if all the water of the globe was collected around this circle, and pouring down here into the centre of the earth. . . . There the grand spectacle has stood for centuries, from the beginning of the creation, as far as we know, without change. From the be ginning it has shaken as it now does the earth and the air, and its unvarying thunder existed before there were hu man ears to hear it." Daniel Webster. "It was not until I came on Table Rock and looked - Great Heaven -on what a fall of bright green water, that it came upon me in its might and majesty. Then when I felt how near to my Creator I was standing, the first effect and the enduring one-instant and lasting-of the tremendous spectacle was Peace. Niagara was at once stamped upon my heart, an Image of Beauty to remain there changeless and

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